A CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox for Multiplexed Plant Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation
Open accessAbstract
The relative ease, speed, and biological scope of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated Protein9 (Cas9)-based reagents for genomic manipulations are revolutionizing virtually all areas of molecular biosciences, including functional genomics, genetics, applied biomedical research, and agricultural biotechnology. In plant systems, however, a number of hurdles currently exist that limit this technology from reaching its full potential. For example, significant plant molecular biology expertise and effort is still required to generate functional expression constructs that allow simultaneous editing, and especially transcriptional regulation, of multiple different genomic loci or multiplexing, which is a significant advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 versus other genome-editing systems. To streamline and facilitate rapid and wide-scale use of CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies for plant research, we developed and implemented a comprehensive molecular toolbox for multifaceted CRISPR/Cas9 applications in plants. This toolbox provides researchers with a protocol and reagents to quickly and efficiently assemble functional CRISPR/Cas9 transfer DNA constructs for monocots and dicots using Golden Gate and Gateway cloning methods. It comes with a full suite of capabilities, including multiplexed gene editing and transcriptional activation or repression of plant endogenous genes. We report the functionality and effectiveness of this toolbox in model plants such as tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and rice (Oryza sativa), demonstrating its utility for basic and applied plant research.
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Besides gene deletions, CRISPR/Cas9 is useful for inserting specific DNA fragment into target sites and specifically altering transcriptional activity of genes by fusing transcriptional activation or repression domains to an inactivated Cas9.
“Besides gene deletions, CRISPR/Cas9 is useful for inserting specific DNA fragment into target sites and specifically altering the transcriptional activity of genes by fusing transcriptional activation or repression domains to an inactivated Cas9 (Lowder et al. 2015).”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Lowder et al. 2015
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- Authors
- Lowder, L. G., Zhang, D., Baltes, N. J., Paul, J. W., Tang, X., Zheng, X., Voytas, D. F., Hsieh, T.-F., Zhang, Y., & Qi, Y.
- Affiliations
- East Carolina University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Plant Physiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08-21
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 971-985
- ISSN
- 0032-0889 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2548
- PMC
- PMC4587453
- OpenAlex
- W2147114967
- Cited by
- 707
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 22.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- East Carolina University-startup funds
- National Science Foundation of China (31271420, 31330017 and 31371682)
- National Transgenic Major Project (2014ZX0801003B-002)
- National Science Foundation (NSF) (MCB 0209818 and DBI 0923827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Keywords
- CRISPR/Cas9, plant genome editing, multiplexed gene editing, transcriptional activation, transcriptional repression, Golden Gate cloning, Gateway cloning, Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, monocots and dicots
- MeSH terms
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Bacterial Proteins, DNA, Bacterial, Endonucleases, Genetic Engineering, Plant Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Oryza, Nicotiana, Mutagenesis, Arabidopsis, RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida, Genomic Imprinting, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, DNA Methylation, Plants, Genetically Modified, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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