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Cited by 36Food Waste Reduction and SustainabilityOrganic Food and AgricultureCulinary Culture and Tourism

'I'd never cook it now': an exploration of intergenerational transference and its role in facilitating family food sustainability

Open access
Carrigan, Marylyn, Wells, Victoria, Athwal, Navdeep·2023·European Journal of Marketing
DOI 10.1108/ejm-10-2021-0804
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Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to develop a deeper understanding of what (un)sustainable food behaviours and values are transmitted across generations, to what extent this transference happens and the sustainability challenges resulting from this for individuals and households. Design/methodology/approach A total of 25 semi-structured in-depth interviews are analysed regarding the value of inherited food, family food rituals, habits and traditions, aspects of food production and understanding of sustainability. Findings Intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable consumption throughout life, and those passed-on behaviours and values offer opportunities for lifelong sustainable change and food consumption reappraisal in daily life, beyond early years parenting and across diverse households. Research limitations/implications Participants were limited to British families, although the sample drew on multiple ethnic heritages. Future research could study collectivist versus more individualistic cultural influence; explore intergenerational transference of other diverse households, such as multigeneration or in rural and urban locations, or whether sustainable crossover derived from familial socialisation continues into behaviours and values beyond food. Practical implications The findings show the importance of families and intergenerational transference to the embedding of sustainable consumption behaviours. Mundane family life is a critical source of sustainable learning, and marketers should prioritise understanding of the context and relationships that drive sustainable consumer choices. Opportunities for intentional and unintentional sustainable learning exist throughout life, and marketers and policymakers can both disrupt unsustainable and encourage sustainable behaviours with appropriate interventions, such as nostalgic or well-being communications. The paper sheds light on flexible sustainable identities and how ambivalence or accelerated lives can deflect how policy messages are received, preventing sustainable choices. Originality/value The findings provide greater understanding about the mechanisms responsible for the sustainable transformation of consumption habits, suggesting intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable food consumption throughout life. The study shows secondary socialisation can play a critical role in the modification of early behaviour patterns of food socialisation. The authors found individuals replicate food behaviours and values from childhood, but through a process of lifelong learning, can break formative habits, particularly with reverse socialisation influences that prioritise sustainable behaviours.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This qualitative study explores how food-related values and habits are passed between generations in families and how those legacies shape sustainable and unsustainable eating. It finds that childhood food socialisation often persists, but can be revised through later-life learning, ambivalence, and reverse socialisation from children.

Key findings

  • Participants frequently carried forward family food practices such as thrift, avoiding waste, cooking from scratch, buying local or free-range food, growing food, and shared meals; some did so deliberately, while others repeated habits more instinctively.
  • Continuity was not absolute: some participants rejected or altered inherited practices because of negative childhood food memories, convenience pressures, acculturation, dietary changes, or life transitions, producing ambivalence and discontinuity.
  • Reverse socialisation mattered: adult children or children sometimes introduced parents to less wasteful, more local, organic, or healthier food practices, showing that secondary socialisation can modify early food patterns.
  • The paper concludes that intergenerational transmission shapes sustainable and unsustainable food consumption across life and offers opportunities for sustainable change beyond early parenting and across varied households.

Methods

  • Interpretivist exploratory design using 25 semi-structured depth interviews with participants aged 26–74, varied by nationality, ethnicity, social class, life stage, and household composition; recruitment used purposive and snowball sampling via community and workplace WhatsApp groups in England (North East, North West, Midlands).
  • Interviews lasted 45–90 minutes, took place in homes, workplaces, other agreed locations, or via Skype over 12 months; they were supplemented by about 20 pages of researcher notes and memos, professionally transcribed verbatim, and checked against recordings.
  • Analysis used thematic analysis with constant comparison, moving between data and literature; little new data emerged by interview 21, and theoretical saturation was reached by interview 25.

Limitations

  • The authors state that most participants were British, although the sample included multiple ethnic heritages; only one member per household was interviewed, limiting access to different family members’ perspectives, and many discussed relatives had died, lived abroad, left the household, or were unwilling to participate.
  • The authors propose future research on collectivist versus individualistic cultural influences, multigenerational or extended households, rural and urban locations, food insecurity, households with and without growing space, and whether sustainable crossover from familial socialisation extends beyond food.
  • Evident from the text: the qualitative, non-probability snowball sample limits statistical generalisability, and the study relies on participants’ retrospective accounts of family food practices.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1108/ejm-10-2021-0804

Cites

111 of 111 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

4 of 29 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Food socialisation has been primarily investigated in the context of early years (under 12's) socialisation and children.

    “Across the range of scholarly work, food socialisation has been primarily investigated in the context of early years (under 12's) socialisation and children”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kharuhayothin and Kerrane, 2018 source

      The Introduction (pp. 4–5) describes multiple studies of children’s food socialisation, supporting the claim that children are a major focus of the literature. The under-12 cutoff in the Introduction (p. 10) describes this paper’s recruitment criteria, not the age range primarily studied across scholarly work. Our copy does not establish that most food-socialisation research concerns children under 12. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    Negative memories of childhood meals dominated by unpleasant processed foods led to the construction of sustainable food identities linked to pleasure, organic and authentic provisioning.

    “Redolent of the oppositional potential of legacy Kharuhayothin and Kerrane (2018) found within their study, negative memories of childhood meals dominated by unpleasant processed foods led to the construction of sustainable food identities linked to pleasure, organic and authentic provisioning (Hedegaard and Hémar-Nicolas, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kharuhayothin and Kerrane, 2018 source
    • cites Hedegaard and Hémar-Nicolas, 2020 source
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.
  • Findingown data

    Individuals replicate food behaviours and values from childhood.

    “We found individuals replicate food behaviours and values from childhood”
    • Also stated in: § Theoretical implications · plain
      “We found that individuals replicate food behaviours and values from childhood, but these are malleable, and may be disrupted or reinvented in a process of lifelong learning and adjustment (Moschis, 2019;Ekström, 2006).”
    • Also stated in: § Continuity: Sacred and Mundane · plain
      “For some participants, the reproduction of past behaviours equates to 'muscle memory' and were not immediately apparent until explored in the interviews.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Moschis, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Ekström, 2006

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.
  • Findingown data

    Intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable consumption throughout life.

    “Intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable consumption throughout life”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.
  • Findingcitation

    Secondary socialisation can play a critical role in the modification of early behaviour patterns of food socialisation.

    “The study shows secondary socialisation can play a critical role in the modification of early behaviour patterns of food socialisation.”
    • Also stated in: § Theoretical implications · boosted
      “demonstrating that secondary socialisation can play a critical role in the modification of early behaviour patterns of food socialisation (Berger and Luckmann, 1967); habits can be changed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Berger and Luckmann, 1967

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 15
  • May combine two claims. 22
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 3

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The findings expose the complexity and contradictions faced by families and individuals as they strive to live and support more sustainable lifestyles.

    “The findings expose the complexity and contradictions faced by families and individuals as they strive to live and support more sustainable lifestyles (Porpino et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Porpino et al., 2015 source

      The Abstract and “An integrated framework of household food waste” (page numbers not provided) describe a contradiction: practices intended to save money can increase food waste in the 14 lower-middle-income Brazilian households studied. They do not establish that these families were striving to live more sustainably, and the claim extends the finding to families and individuals generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Kharuhayothin and Kerrane's (2018) study uncovered that intergenerational reflexivity played a crucial role in shaping children's food socialisation processes but did not specifically explore how transference takes place.

    “Investigating whether parents draw upon what they learned as children from their parents regarding food socialisation, they uncovered intergenerational reflexivity played a crucial role in shaping children's food socialisation processes but did not specifically explore how transference takes place.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kharuhayothin and Kerrane, 2018 source

      The Discussion (p. 26) explicitly says parental intergenerational reflexivity plays a crucial role in children's food socialization. The qualification about transference is not supported as stated: the Introduction (p. 9) says the study explores how parents teach children about food, and the Discussion (p. 30) says it explores how past practices are repeated or discontinued. The copy does not establish whether it examined how children themselves take up those practices. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Passed on food skills were often the result of 'osmosis' not teaching, and the role of extended family, not just parents, was fundamental to that inadvertent development.

    “Passed on food skills were often the result of 'osmosis' not teaching, and the role of extended family, not just parents, was fundamental to that inadvertent development.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Life transitions such as leaving home may weaken intergenerational transference, and cultural bonds may lose their resonance, or be reinterpreted for new situations.

    “The findings reveal that life transitions such as leaving home (Burningham and Venn, 2017) may weaken intergenerational transference, and cultural bonds may lose their resonance, or be reinterpreted for new situations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Burningham and Venn, 2017

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Neha demonstrates progressive continuity using passed on techniques for recipe shortcuts that enable her to avoid food waste, use her freezer to short-circuit preparation, and fashion leftovers into creative but traditional meals.

    “Neha demonstrates progressive continuity using passed on techniques for recipe shortcuts that enable her to avoid food waste, use her freezer to short-circuit the time-consuming preparation, and fashion leftovers into creative but traditional meals”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The findings reflect reverse socialisation borne out of household reconfiguration, as adult children develop their independent sustainable food identities and (re)socialise their parents.

    “and the findings reflect reverse socialisation borne out of household reconfiguration, as adult children develop their independent sustainable food identities and (re)socialise their parents (O'Neill and Buckley, 2019; Lazell, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites O'Neill and Buckley, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Lazell, 2016 source
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Both Mandy and Neha are relatively affluent but inherited respect for the value of food remains embedded in the replication of their family's robust attitudes to food waste and prudence.

    “Both Mandy and Neha are relatively affluent but inherited respect for the value of food remains embedded in the replication of their family's robust attitudes to food waste and prudence.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    This paper found that sustainable food behaviour transformation was partially a response to current trends in sustainable, local, healthy eating.

    “This paper found that sustainable food behaviour transformation was partially a response to current trends in sustainable, local, healthy eating.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The paper sheds light on flexible sustainable identities, with participants demonstrating how ambivalence or accelerated lives could deflect how policy messages are received, preventing sustainable choices.

    “However, the paper sheds light on flexible sustainable identities, with participants demonstrating how ambivalence or accelerated lives could deflect how policy messages are received, preventing sustainable choices.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Different food buying behaviours and values were noted among participants, including purchase of free-range products, importance of buying locally, and growing your own food.

    “For example, different food buying behaviours and values were noted such as the purchase of free-range products (Vivien, Molly and Neha), or the importance of buying locally (Brian and Emma) or 'growing your own' food (Anthony and Janice) as part of 'proper', 'slow' or carbon reduction food values.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    This paper found significant crossover between different sustainable food behaviours and food cultures, suggesting evidence of trickle-down, trickle-up and trickle-across diffusions reminiscent of other sectors.

    “This paper found significant crossover between different sustainable food behaviours and food cultures, suggesting evidence of trickle-down, trickle-up and trickle-across diffusions reminiscent of other sectors (Atik and First, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Atik and First, 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The findings reveal the wellbeing and sustainable benefits the participants gained from shared eating, linked to different aspects of intergenerational social relations and interactions between individuals and food.

    “The findings reveal the wellbeing and sustainable benefits the participants gained from shared eating (Warde, 2016), linked to the different aspects of intergenerational social relations and the interactions between the individuals and the food itself.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Warde, 2016

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Our participants demonstrated considerable awareness of the need to improve the sustainability of how we source and use food, what constitutes eating responsibly, and understood the role of individual and family food choices in contributing to those goals.

    “Our participants demonstrated considerable awareness of the need to improve the sustainability of how we source and use food, what constitutes eating responsibly, and understood the role of individual and family food choices in contributing to those goals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingnone given

    Intergenerational transference of food practices involves ambivalence, with co-existence between harmony and conflict, coping mechanisms, inconsistencies and conflictive separation, and discarding with discomfort.

    “Co-existence between harmony and conflict; Coping mechanisms; inconsistencies and conflictive separation”
    • Also stated in: § Limitations and Future Research · plain
      “Discarding with discomfort”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingnone given

    Intergenerational transference of food behaviours, values and rituals occurs through conscious continuity, in which behaviours and practices are actively retained and passed down, embedded in religion, culture and practices, with generations acting as bridges to keep values and rituals going.

    “Behaviours, values and rituals passed down, embedded in religion, culture, practices”
    • Also stated in: § Limitations and Future Research · plain
      “Interconnecting generations acting as bridges between older and younger generations; keep values and rituals going”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Intergenerational transference of food practices involves discontinuity, including breaking the chain, disruption, disregarding practices around frugality, rejection, and deliberate, intentional discontinuity.

    “Breaking the chain; disruption”
    • Also stated in: § Limitations and Future Research · plain
      “Disregarding practices around frugality”
    • Also stated in: § Limitations and Future Research · plain
      “Deliberate, intentional discontinuity”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingnone given

    Intergenerational transference of food practices involves reverse discontinuity, including reverse socialisation and passing back new behaviours to others in the family.

    “Reverse socialisation, intentional reverse discontinuity”
    • Also stated in: § Limitations and Future Research · plain
      “Changes with life transitions, passing back new behaviours to others in the family”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The transference of food behaviours and values specifically within families is widely acknowledged.

    “The transference of food behaviours and values specifically within families is widely acknowledged (Davis et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Davis et al., 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    By interview twenty-five, theoretical saturation had been reached.

    “by interview twenty-five we concluded that theoretical saturation had been reached.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The findings show that there are opportunities for intentional and unintentional sustainable learning throughout life, and that marketers and policy makers can both disrupt unsustainable and encourage sustainable behaviours with appropriate interventions.

    “By exploring how sustainability is transferred across generations, the findings show that there are opportunities for intentional and unintentional sustainable learning throughout life, and that marketers and policy makers can both disrupt unsustainable and encourage sustainable behaviours with appropriate interventions, such as messages that harness generational, nostalgic or wellbeing signals.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Family commensality is culturally significant, boundary spans generations, class and ethnicity, and is a source of nostalgic attachment that is deliberately and habitually imitated by new generations.

    “It is culturally significant, boundary spans generations, class and ethnicity, and is a source of nostalgic attachment that is deliberately and habitually imitated by new generations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Many previous intergenerational food consumption studies focus upon family eating and parental influences during primary food socialisation within the home, and less attention has been paid to secondary or lifelong socialisation.

    “While many previous intergenerational food consumption studies focus upon family eating and parental influences during primary food socialisation within the home, less attention has been paid to secondary or lifelong socialisation (Warde, 1974;Ekström 2006).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Warde, 1974

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Ekström 2006

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    Conscious continuity takes place due to an active appreciation of the behaviours and the generative process which facilitates the development of identity and enhances family and social histories.

    “Conscious continuity takes place due to an active appreciation of the behaviours and the generative process which facilitates the development of identity and enhances family and social histories.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    By the twenty-first interview, little new data or themes were emerging.

    “By the twenty first interview we established little new data or themes were emerging”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Leveraging technology and passed down life hacks enabled intergenerational continuity for traditional foods in Neha's modern lifestyle, while eating healthily and sustainably.

    “Leveraging technology and passed down life hacks enabled intergenerational continuity for traditional foods in her modern lifestyle, while eating healthily and sustainably.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    New generations may choose to only inherit what they value or can conveniently integrate from the family's culture or past lifestyle.

    “New generations may choose to only inherit only what they value (Scabini and Marta, 2006) or can conveniently integrate from the family's culture or past lifestyle.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Scabini and Marta, 2006 source
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.
    • Rests on an assumption: Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Transcripts were professionally transcribed verbatim and checked against the recordings to ensure accuracy.

    “Transcripts were professionally transcribed verbatim, and the original interviewer checked each transcript against the recording to ensure accuracy.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Throughout data collection and analysis, the researchers regularly met to compare and discuss progress.

    “Throughout the data collection and analysis, the researchers regularly met via Skype and in person to compare and discuss progress.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Secondary socialisation is associated with adjustment of early behaviour patterns.

    “secondary socialisation is associated with adjustment of early behaviour patterns (Berger and Luckmann, 1967).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Berger and Luckmann, 1967

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Consumer socialisation is a dynamic process that continues throughout life.

    “Yet consumer socialisation is a dynamic process that continues throughout life (Ekström, 2006)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ekström, 2006

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Intergenerational transferences shape (un)sustainable consumption throughout life and offer opportunities for lifelong sustainable change and food consumption reappraisal in daily life, beyond early years parenting and across diverse households.

    “The study makes a range of contributions to our understanding of how intergenerational transferences shape (un)sustainable consumption throughout life and offer opportunities for lifelong sustainable change and food consumption reappraisal in daily life, beyond early years parenting, and across diverse households.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
31 of 31

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood food socialisation accurately reflect the food behaviours and values that were transmitted to them.

    “An exploratory approach was employed during the data collection which consisted of semi-structured depth interviews, a method previously recognised as helpful when discussing 'passing on' behaviours (Holmes, 2018), and that enables participants to convey meaning in their own terms (Belk et al., 1991).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Participants' retrospective accounts of childhood family food behaviours accurately reflect the intergenerational transference that occurred.

    “For some participants, the reproduction of past behaviours equates to 'muscle memory' and were not immediately apparent until explored in the interviews.”
    “The passing on and replication of kitchen food socialising is reflexive and spontaneous, borne out of a passed-on love of commensality in the kitchen.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Participants' descriptions of their food practices accurately report their actual behaviour.

    “The participants' stories told the importance of mundane family life as a critical source of sustainable learning, one that is gaining traction (Hall and Holmes, 2020) as marketers recognise insufficient attention has been paid to the context and relationships that drive sustainable consumer choices (Carrigan, 2018).”
3 of 3

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • The sample was not limited to British families

    Minor

    The abstract describes the participants as limited to British families, but the participant profiles include people identified as German, Romanian, and Belgian and Moroccan. The limitations section instead says that most participants were British.

  • Kiran's marital status conflicts with her profile

    Minor

    Kiran's profile describes her as single and living with friends, whereas a quotation attributed to her refers to her husband.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. 1967, The Social Construction of Reality
  2. 2013, Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Beginners
  3. 2018, Food and ethical consumption, Journal of Consumer Ethics, 2
  4. 2011, What makes us care? The impact of cultural values, individual factors, and attention to media content on motivation for ethical consumerism, International Social Science Review, 86, 1
  5. 1994, Feeding the Family: The Social Organization of Caring as Gendered Work
  6. 2014, Food Waste: Home Consumption, Material Culture and Everyday Life
  7. 1997, Parenting and the transmission and internalization of values: from social-cultural perspectives to within-family analysis, 333
  8. 2020, Introduction: mundane methods and the extra-ordinary everyday, 1
  9. 1952, The problem of generations, 76
  10. 2019, Consumer Behavior over the Life Course Research Frontiers and New Directions
  11. 2015, Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice
  12. 1998, Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Technique
  13. 2016, The Practice of Eating
  14. 2013, Doing Qualitative Research Differently: A Psychosocial Approach

Cited by

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Related

Authors
Carrigan, M., Wells, V., & Athwal, N.
Affiliations
  • Heriot-Watt University (GB)
  • University of York (GB)
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Marketing
Publisher
Emerald
Published
2023-04-20
Volume
57
Issue
5
Pages
1352-1379
ISSN
0309-0566 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1108/ejm-10-2021-0804
OpenAlex
W4366411709
Cited by
36
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3
FWCI
5.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.emerald.com/insight/site-policies (tdm)
Locations
  • European Journal of Marketing (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Culinary Culture and Tourism
Keywords
sustainable consumption, food rituals, culinary traditions, sustainable learning, nutritional value, ambivalence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-11.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-11.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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