The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rethinking ImageNet Pre-Training
Open accessAbstract
We report competitive results on object detection and instance segmentation on the COCO dataset using standard models trained from random initialization. The results are no worse than their ImageNet pre-training counterparts even when using the hyper-parameters of the baseline system (Mask R-CNN) that were optimized for fine-tuning pre-trained models, with the sole exception of increasing the number of training iterations so the randomly initialized models may converge. Training from random initialization is surprisingly robust; our results hold even when: (i) using only 10% of the training data, (ii) for deeper and wider models, and (iii) for multiple tasks and metrics. Experiments show that ImageNet pre-training speeds up convergence early in training, but does not necessarily provide regularization or improve final target task accuracy. To push the envelope we demonstrate 50.9 AP on COCO object detection without using any external data-a result on par with the top COCO 2017 competition results that used ImageNet pre-training. These observations challenge the conventional wisdom of ImageNet pre-training for dependent tasks and we expect these discoveries will encourage people to rethink the current de facto paradigm of `pretraining and fine-tuning' in computer vision.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Self-citationImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., & Sun, J. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031 · Cited by 73,472
Self-citationFaster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., & Sun, J. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1506.01497 · Cited by 70,812
Self-citationYou Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection
Redmon, J., Divvala, S., Girshick, R., & Farhadi, A. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.91 · Cited by 53,803
Self-citationDensely Connected Convolutional Networks
Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243 · Cited by 48,566
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge
Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y · Cited by 39,380
Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection
Lin, T.-Y., Dollar, P., Girshick, R., He, K., Hariharan, B., & Belongie, S. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.106 · Cited by 30,939
Self-citationGirshick, R. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.169 · Cited by 28,105
Self-citationBatch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift
Ioffe, S., & Szegedy, C. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1502.03167 · Cited by 27,818
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- rowley, 1996, Human face detection in visual scenes, NIPS
- 10.1109/CVPR.2017.638 · DOI · Paper page
- matan, 1992, Multi-digit recognition using a space displacement neural network, NIPS
- mahajan, 2018, Exploring the limits of weakly supervised pretraining, ECCV
- liu, 2016, Ssd: Single shot multibox detector, ECCV
- 10.1109/CVPR.2018.00913 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298965 · DOI · Paper page
- ba, 2016, Layer normalization, arXiv 1607 06450
- law, 2018, CornerNet: Detecting objects as paired keypoints, ECCV
- lee, 2015, Deeply-supervised nets, AIS-TATS
- li, 2018, DetNet: A backbone network for object detection, arXiv 1804 06215
- zeiler, 2014, Visualizing and understanding convolutional neural networks, ECCV
- glorot, 2010, Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks, AIS-TATS
- sermanet, 2014, Overfeat: Integrated recognition, localization and detection using convolutional networks, ICLRE
- goyal, 2017, Accurate, large minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 hour, arXiv 1706 02677
- 10.1109/ICCV.2017.322 · DOI · Paper page
- he, 2018, Mask R-CNN, TPAMI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-10578-9_23 · DOI · Paper page
- ioffe, 2017, Batch renormalization: Towards reducing minibatch dependence in batch-normalized models, NIPS
- 10.1109/CVPR.2017.634 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR.2014.81 · DOI · Paper page
- ulyanov, 2016, Instance normalization: The missing ingredient for fast stylization, arXiv 1607
- szegedy, 2013, Deep neural networks for object detection, NIPS
- wu, 2018, Group normalization, ECCV
- simonyan, 2014, Two-stream convolutional networks for action recognition in videos, NIPS
- 10.1109/ICCV.2017.212 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/ICCV.2017.97 · DOI · Paper page
- simonyan, 2015, Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition, ICLRE
Cited by
End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers
Carion, N., Massa, F., Synnaeve, G., Usunier, N., Kirillov, A., & Zagoruyko, S. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58452-8_13 · Cited by 18,285
Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning
He, K., Fan, H., Wu, Y., Xie, S., & Girshick, R. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00975 · Cited by 13,347
Self-citationExploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer
Raffel, C., Shazeer, N., Roberts, A., Lee, K., Narang, S., Matena, M., Zhou, Y., Li, W., & Liu, P. J. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.10683 · Cited by 10,929
Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognition
Wang, J., Sun, K., Cheng, T., Jiang, B., Deng, C., Zhao, Y., Liu, D., Mu, Y., Tan, M., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.2983686 · Cited by 4,894
Supervised Contrastive Learning
Khosla, P., Teterwak, P., Wang, C., Sarna, A., Tian, Y., Isola, P., Maschinot, A., Liu, C., & Krishnan, D. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.11362 · Cited by 3,569
Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignments
Caron, M., Misra, I., Mairal, J., Goyal, P., Bojanowski, P., & Joulin, A. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.09882 · Cited by 2,499
MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmark
Chen, K., Wang, J., Pang, J., Cao, Y., Xiong, Y., Li, X., Sun, S., Feng, W., Liu, Z., Xu, J., et al. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.07155 · Cited by 2,227
Self-Supervised Visual Feature Learning With Deep Neural Networks: A Survey
Jing, L., & Tian, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.2992393 · Cited by 2,036
Recent advances in deep learning for object detection
Wu, X., Sahoo, D., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2020) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2020.01.085 · Cited by 1,047
Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning
Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Puigcerver, J., Yung, J., Gelly, S., & Houlsby, N. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.11370 · Cited by 1,039
Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning
Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Puigcerver, J., Yung, J., Gelly, S., & Houlsby, N. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58558-7_29 · Cited by 1,039
Pre-trained models: Past, present and future
Han, X., Zhang, Z., Ding, N., Gu, Y., Liu, X., Huo, Y., Qiu, J., Yao, Y., Zhang, A., Zhang, L., et al. (2021) · AI Open · doi:10.1016/j.aiopen.2021.08.002 · Cited by 994
VL-BERT: Pre-training of Generic Visual-Linguistic Representations
Su, W., Zhu, X., Cao, Y., Li, B., Lu, L., Wei, F., & Dai, J. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1908.08530 · Cited by 950
Data augmentation: A comprehensive survey of modern approaches
Mumuni, A., & Mumuni, F. (2022) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2022.100258 · Cited by 891
CenterMask: Real-Time Anchor-Free Instance Segmentation
Lee, Y., & Park, J. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01392 · Cited by 767
Deep neural network models for computational histopathology: A survey
Srinidhi, C. L., Ciga, O., & Martel, A. L. (2021) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2020.101813 · Cited by 749
Objects365: A Large-Scale, High-Quality Dataset for Object Detection
Shao, S., Li, Z., Zhang, T., Peng, C., Yu, G., Zhang, X., Li, J., & Sun, J. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00852 · Cited by 673
Dense Contrastive Learning for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Training
Wang, X., Zhang, R., Shen, C., Kong, T., & Li, L. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00304 · Cited by 660
Prototypical Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Representations
Li, J., Zhou, P., Xiong, C., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.04966 · Cited by 611
A review of object detection based on deep learning
Xiao, Y., Tian, Z., Yu, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Du, S., & Lan, X. (2020) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-020-08976-6 · Cited by 584
EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detection
Tan, M., Pang, R., & Le, Q. V. (2019) · arXiv · Cited by 9,841
“We omit ensemble and test-time multi-scale results [23, 7].”
MethodTo Tune or Not to Tune? Adapting Pretrained Representations to Diverse Tasks
Peters, M. E., Ruder, S., & Smith, N. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP-2019) · doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4302 · Cited by 432
Multiscale Feature Extraction and Fusion of Image and Text in VQA
Lu, S., Ding, Y., Liu, M., Yin, Z., Yin, L., & Zheng, W. (2023) · International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems · doi:10.1007/s44196-023-00233-6 · Cited by 422
Rescaling egocentric vision: Collection, pipeline and challenges for epic-kitchens-100
Damen, D., Doughty, H., Farinella, G. M., Furnari, A., Kazakos, E., Ma, J., Moltisanti, D., Munro, J., Perrett, T., Price, W., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-021-01531-2 · Cited by 400
Test-Time Training with Self-Supervision for Generalization under Distribution Shifts
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Miller, J., Efros, A. A., & Hardt, M. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.13231 · Cited by 393
Unsupervised Pre-Training of Image Features on Non-Curated Data
Caron, M., Bojanowski, P., Mairal, J., & Joulin, A. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00305 · Cited by 258
Auto-FPN: Automatic Network Architecture Adaptation for Object Detection Beyond Classification
Xu, A., Yao, A., Li, A., Liang, A., & Zhang, A. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00675 · Cited by 228
A Primer on Motion Capture with Deep Learning: Principles, Pitfalls, and Perspectives
Mathis, A., Schneider, S., Lauer, J., & Mathis, M. W. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.017 · Cited by 231
DetNAS: Backbone Search for Object Detection
Chen, Y., Yang, T., Zhang, X., Meng, G., Xiao, X., & Sun, J. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.10979 · Cited by 205
UniverSeg: Universal Medical Image Segmentation
Butoi, V. I., Gonzalez Ortiz, J. J., Ma, T., Sabuncu, M. R., Guttag, J., & Dalca, A. V. (2023) · 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.01960 · Cited by 195
Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning on Diverse Pathology Datasets
Kang, M., Song, H., Park, S., Yoo, D., & Pereira, S. (2023) · 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00326 · Cited by 187
PSLA: Improving Audio Tagging With Pretraining, Sampling, Labeling, and Aggregation
Gong, Y., Chung, Y.-A., & Glass, J. (2021) · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing · doi:10.1109/taslp.2021.3120633 · Cited by 164
3DSAM-adapter: Holistic adaptation of SAM from 2D to 3D for promptable tumor segmentation
Gong, S., Zhong, Y., Ma, W., Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Heng, P.-A., & Dou, Q. (2024) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2024.103324 · Cited by 156
Siam R-CNN: Visual Tracking by Re-Detection
Voigtlaender, P., Luiten, J., Torr, P. H. S., & Leibe, B. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00661 · Cited by 115
What makes instance discrimination good for transfer learning?
Zhao, N., Wu, Z., Lau, R. W. H., & Lin, S. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.06606 · Cited by 115
Lu, L., Dercle, L., Zhao, B., & Schwartz, L. H. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26990-6 · Cited by 104
Machine Learning Modeling for Accelerated Battery Materials Design in the Small Data Regime
Sendek, A. D., Ransom, B., Cubuk, E. D., Pellouchoud, L. A., Nanda, J., & Reed, E. J. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202200553 · Cited by 100
Multi-Task Self-Training for Learning General Representations
Ghiasi, G., Zoph, B., Cubuk, E. D., Le, Q. V., & Lin, T.-Y. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00873 · Cited by 84
Spatially Consistent Representation Learning
Roh, B., Shin, W., Kim, I., & Kim, S. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00120 · Cited by 85
SP-NAS: Serial-to-Parallel Backbone Search for Object Detection
Jiang, C., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Liang, X., & Li, Z. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01188 · Cited by 67
Lessons from infant learning for unsupervised machine learning
Zaadnoordijk, L., Besold, T. R., & Cusack, R. (2022) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-022-00488-2 · Cited by 65
Zhang, Y., Lobo-Mueller, E. M., Karanicolas, P., Gallinger, S., Haider, M. A., & Khalvati, F. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-80998-y · Cited by 62
Hernandez, D., Kaplan, J., Henighan, T., & McCandlish, S. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.01293 · Cited by 51
Pre-training in Medical Data: A Survey
Qiu, Y., Lin, F., Chen, W., & Xu, M. (2023) · Machine Intelligence Research · doi:10.1007/s11633-022-1382-8 · Cited by 30
Simultaneous learning of pivots and representations for cross-domain sentiment classification
Li, L., Ye, W., Long, M., Tang, Y., Xu, J., & Wang, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6336 · Cited by 18
Lessons learned from RadiologyNET foundation models for transfer learning in medical radiology
Napravnik, M., Hržić, F., Urschler, M., Miletić, D., & Štajduhar, I. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05009-w · Cited by 15
Pretrained transformer framework on pediatric claims data for population specific tasks
Zeng, X., Linwood, S. L., & Liu, C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07545-1 · Cited by 15
A study on the plasticity of neural networks
Berariu, T., Czarnecki, W., De, S., Bornschein, J., Smith, S., Pascanu, R., & Clopath, C. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.00042 · Cited by 3
Kumarasamy, G., Nguyen, M. V., Hettiarachchige, P., Ranasinghe, P., Thayasivam, U., & Alahakoon, D. (2026) · DIGITAL HEALTH · doi:10.1177/20552076261490819
Metadata
- Authors
- He, K., Girshick, R., & Dollar, P.
- Venue
- 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2019-10
- Pages
- 4917-4926
- OpenAlex
- W2991391304
- Cited by
- 1,049
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 54.90
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.