An Orthogonal Current-Reuse Amplifier for Multi-Channel Sensing
Abstract
We demonstrate a micropower low-noise CMOS amplifier array that reuses bias current to improve the fundamental noise-power tradeoffs of fully-differential amplifier designs. The presented circuit implements current-reuse by stacking the differential input pairs of four amplifiers. The output drain currents of each channel's differential pair are used as the tail currents for the differential pairs of the succeeding channel. Orthogonal current-reuse improves the noise and power tradeoff by sharing bias devices to conserve headroom. With four channels (n = 4), there are 16 unique output currents (2$^{n}$) from the stack, each of which is a linear combination of the four inputs. Amplified versions of the original input signals are reconstructed by appropriately combining the small-signal output currents in output stages that operate at much lower bias currents. With an input-referred noise of 3.7 µV$_{rms}$and a bandwidth of 19.9 kHz, a single channel achieves a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 3.0. Amortizing the bias current across the amplifier's four channels yields an effective NEF of 1.64. The total power consumption is 15.6 µW, or 3.9 µW per path from a 1.5 V supply. Orthogonal biasing suppresses crosstalk between the channels, providing an isolation of 40 dB under 3-σ mismatch. The implemented circuit was fabricated in a standard 130 nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.125 mm$^{2}$. The proposed technique is useful for a variety of applications ranging from low-power neural recording arrays to multiphase radio baseband amplifiers.
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Recent works reported that careful design of the OTA A1 makes low current consumption and low input-referred noise easily achievable.
“Recent works have also reported that by carefully designing the OTA A1, low current consumption and low input-referred noise are easily achievable [63, 141, 142, 156].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [63]
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Sharma, S., Shivdeep, S., Hande, V. G., & Das, D. M. (2026) · Integration · doi:10.1016/j.vlsi.2026.102805
Prasad, D., & Elamien, M. B. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2026.3728941
An Energy-Efficient High-Dynamic-Range Mixed-Signal CMOS Synapse with Tunable STDP Learning
Mokogwu, F. N., & Johnson, B. C. (2026) · IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) · doi:10.1109/mwscas67364.2026.11680817
Self-citationSakouhi, S., & Dei, M. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15204695
- Authors
- Johnson, B., & Molnar, A.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- ORCID
- Molnar, Alyosha
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1487-1496
- ISSN
- 0018-9200 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-173X
- OpenAlex
- W2066186666
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Low-power high-performance VLSI design
- Keywords
- low noise amplifier, multi-channel sensing, noise efficiency factor, crosstalk reduction, fully differential amplifier, micropower circuits
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