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An oscillator-based true random number generator with process and temperature tolerance

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Memristive technologies for data storage, computation, encryption, and radio-frequency communication

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Integer factorization using stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions

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An Overview of Hardware Security and Trust: Threats, Countermeasures, and Design Tools

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An All-Digital Unified Physically Unclonable Function and True Random Number Generator Featuring Self-Calibrating Hierarchical Von Neumann Extraction in 14-nm Tri-gate CMOS

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Trends in Hardware Security: From Basics to ASICs

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Probabilistic Neural Computing with Stochastic Devices

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A 82-nW Chaotic Map True Random Number Generator Based on a Sub-Ranging SAR ADC

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Energy-efficient superparamagnetic Ising machine and its application to traveling salesman problems

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Hardware Designs for Security in Ultra-Low-Power IoT Systems: An Overview and Survey

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True Random Number Generators Using Electrical Noise

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Lightweight Integrated Design of PUF and TRNG Security Primitives Based on eFlash Memory in 55-nm CMOS

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A New Energy-Efficient and High Throughput Two-Phase Multi-Bit per Cycle Ring Oscillator-Based True Random Number Generator

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Stochastic Insulator-to-Metal Phase Transition-Based True Random Number Generator

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A 0.186-pJ per Bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator Featuring Mismatch Compensation and Random Noise Enhancement

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The Odyssey of Entropy: Cryptography

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Hardware implementation of a true random number generator integrating a hexagonal boron nitride memristor with a commercial microcontroller

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A High Throughput and Secure Authentication-Encryption AES-CCM Algorithm on Asynchronous Multicore Processor

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Unified Analog PUF and TRNG Based on Current-Steering DAC and VCO

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A 108 F2/Bit Fully Reconfigurable RRAM PUF Based on Truly Random Dynamic Entropy of Jitter Noise

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Hardware Security Exploiting Post-CMOS Devices: Fundamental Device Characteristics, State-of-the-Art Countermeasures, Challenges and Roadmap

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Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption

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An Overview of Spintronic True Random Number Generator

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Nano-Intrinsic True Random Number Generation: A Device to Data Study

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A Fully Digital True Random Number Generator With Entropy Source Based in Frequency Collapse

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A 65-nm CMOS 3.2-to-86 Mb/s 2.58 pJ/bit Highly Digital True-Random-Number Generator With Integrated De-Correlation and Bias Correction

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Low-Latency Reconfigurable Entropy Digital True Random Number Generator With Bias Detection and Correction

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A PVT-Tolerant Oscillation-Collapse-Based True Random Number Generator With an Odd Number of Inverter Stages

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Jitter-Quantizing-Based TRNG Robust Against PVT Variations

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0.36-mW, 52-Mbps True Random Number Generator Based on a Stochastic Delta–Sigma Modulator

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Fully Synthesizable Unified True Random Number Generator and Cryptographic Core

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Classification of random number generator applications in IoT: A comprehensive taxonomy

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Hybrid CMOS-RRAM True Random Number Generator Exploiting Coupled Entropy Sources

Equbal, M. S., Ketkar, T., & Sahay, S. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2023.3241122 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

A 10-Gb/s True Random Number Generator Using ML-Resistant Middle Square Method

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True Random Number Generator Based on the Variability of the High Resistance State of RRAMs

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Volatile threshold switching devices for hardware security primitives: Exploiting intrinsic variability as an entropy source

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Closed Loop Superparamagnetic Tunnel Junctions for Reliable True Randomness and Generative Artificial Intelligence

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Encrypted Physical Layer Communications Using Synchronized Hyperchaotic Maps

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Random Number Generation Using Inertial Measurement Unit Signals for On-Body IoT Devices

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Hardware-Efficient Post-Processing Architectures for True Random Number Generators

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Provably Secure Randomness Generation from Switching Probability of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

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A Unified Memory and Hardware Security Module Based on the Adjustable Switching Window of Resistive Memory

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Design and Implementation of a Secure RISC-V Microprocessor

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A Perspective of Using Frequency-Mixing as Entropy in Random Number Generation for Portable Hardware Cybersecurity IP

Wei, X., Xiu, L., & Cai, Y. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3322602 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Defeating Silicon Reverse Engineering Using a Layout-Level Standard Cell Camouflage

Gomez, H., Duran, C., & Roa, E. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/tce.2018.2890616 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Enabling Ubiquitous Hardware Security via Energy-Efficient Primitives and Systems : (Invited Paper)

Alioto, M., & Taneja, S. (2019) · Custom Integrated Circuits Conference · doi:10.1109/cicc.2019.8780123 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The Unpredictability Analysis of Boolean Chaos

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Fully 2D Materials‐Based Resistive Switching Circuits for Advanced Data Encryption

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A Robust and Healthy Against PVT Variations TRNG Based on Frequency Collapse

Serrano, R., Duran, C., Sarmiento, M., Hoang, T.-T., Tsukamoto, A., Suzaki, K., & Pham, C. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3167690 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

A Fast, Energy Efficient and Tunable Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Bitstream Generator for Stochastic Computing

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Aggressive Design Reuse for Ubiquitous Zero-Trust Edge Security—From Physical Design to Machine-Learning-Based Hardware Patching

Alioto, M. (2022) · IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society · doi:10.1109/ojsscs.2022.3223274 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

A Strong Physically Unclonable Function With >2⁸⁰ CRPs and <1.4% BER Using Passive ReRAM Technology

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De-Correlation and De-Bias Post-Processing Circuits for True Random Number Generator

Zhang, R., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Ziyang, Y., Liu, K., Nishizawa, S., Niitsu, K., & Shinohara, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3421663 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

0.6–1.2 V, 0.22 pJ/bit True Random Number Generator Based on SAR ADC

Jayaraj, A., Gujarathi, N. N., Venkatesh, I., & Sanyal, A. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs · doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Implementation of pseudo-linear feedback shift register-based physical unclonable functions on silicon and sufficient Challenge–Response pair acquisition using Built-In Self-Test before shipping

Ogasahara, Y., Hori, Y., Katashita, T., Iizuka, T., Awano, H., Ikeda, M., & Koike, H. (2019) · Integration · doi:10.1016/j.vlsi.2019.12.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Beware of Discarding Used SRAMs: Information is Stored Permanently

Hovanes, J., Zhong, Y., & Guin, U. (2022) · IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics (PAINE) · doi:10.1109/paine56030.2022.10014900 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Energy-Efficient Post-Processing Technique Having High Extraction Efficiency for True Random Number Generators

Zhang, R., Wang, X., & Shinohara, H. (2021) · IEICE Transactions on Electronics · doi:10.1587/transele.2020cdp0006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Tunnel FET‐based ultra‐lightweight reconfigurable TRNG and PUF design for resource‐constrained internet of things

Japa, A., Majumder, M. K., Sahoo, S. K., & Vaddi, R. (2021) · International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications · doi:10.1002/cta.3030 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A Novel 0.04 pJ/bit Dynamic TRNG using Bit Reconfigurable Ring Oscillators

Williams, S., Khalil, K., & Bayoumi, M. (2024) · IEEE SoutheastCon · doi:10.1109/southeastcon52093.2024.10500289 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Practical attack on a quantum random-number generator via injection of source-signal fluctuations

Zhang, B., Li, L., Xu, Y., Tan, Z., Shi, J., Huang, P., Wang, T., & Zeng, G. (2025) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/k3c9-ngt1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The Cost of a True Random Bit—On the Electronic Cost Gain of ASIC Time-Domain-Based TRNGs

Klein, N., Harel, E., & Levi, I. (2021) · Cryptography · doi:10.3390/cryptography5030025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

A Compact and Power-Efficient Noise Generator for Stochastic Simulations

Zhao, H., Sarpeshkar, R., & Mandal, S. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3199561 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Tunnel FET ambipolarity‐based energy efficient and robust true random number generator against reverse engineering attacks

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An All-Digital and Jitter-Quantizing True Random Number Generator in SRAM-Based FPGAs

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Low area overhead DPA countermeasure exploiting tunnel transistor‐based random number generator

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A 144-fJ/Bit Reliable and Compact TRNG Based on the Diffusive Resistance of 3-D Resistive Random Access Memory

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33-200Mbps, 3pJ/Bit True Random Number Generator Based on CT Delta-Sigma Modulator

Chandrasekaran, S. T., Jayaraj, A., Ramesh, N., & Sanyal, A. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401507 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

0.4 mW, 0.27 pJ/bit true random number generator using jitter, metastability and current starved topology

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Low‐cost TRNG IPs

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Tight-ES-TRNG: Improved Construction and Robustness Analysis

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A Low Power CMOS Variable True Random Number Generator for LDPC Decoders

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A PVT Tolerant True Random Number Generator Based on Oscillator Phase Under Sub-Harmonic Injection Locking

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Metastability with Emerging Reconfigurable Transistors: Exploiting Ambipolarity for Throughput

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True random number generators in modern cryptography: A review

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A Fully-Integrated CMOS Hyperchaotic Map for Obfuscated IoT Communications

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A High Throughput True Random Number Generator using Metastability and Chaos

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Practical Markov Chain and Von Neumann based Post-processing Circuits for True Random Number Generators

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High speed true random number generator with a new structure of coarse-tuning PDL in FPGA

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VLSI architecture of a True Random Number Generator with hierarchical Von Neumann corrector and hybrid run length-Golomb coding for data compression

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A comprehensive study on resistive random access memory based true random number generators

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Random Telegraph Noise-Based True Random Number Generator for Fully Integrated Systems

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A 0.012‐mm2 0.244‐pJ/bit successive approximation register analog‐to‐digital converter‐based true random number generator for Internet of Things applications in a 65‐nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor

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PriML: An Electro-Optical Accelerator for Private Machine Learning on Encrypted Data

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Entropy Sources from Tunnelling in Standard CMOS Structures

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High Throughput 512Mbps True Random Number Generation Using Uncertainty in Mobile Communication Bands

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A Cryptographic Transistor with Stochastic Carrier Trapping and Detrapping for a True Random Number Generator

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High-Speed Energy-Efficient True Random Number Generator Using Self-Compensating Comparator

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Embedded true random number generators enabled by hexagonal boron nitride memristors

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A System for Generating Non-Uniform Random Variates using Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

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Microscopic Origin of Regeneration Noise in Relaxation Oscillator and its Macroscopic Circuit ManifestationPreprint

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Future Work and Conclusions

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Analog Seizure Detection for Implanted Responsive NeurostimulationPreprint

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Highly secure and low overhead countermeasures against side-channel attacks

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Information-Theoretic Cryptography: Life Cycle, Ecosystem, and the Promise of Quantum-Inspired AI

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A Lightweight Post-Processing Method for Voltage-Controlled MTJ based True Random Number Generator

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Metastability-based random number generator with current-controlled offset compensation

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A Synthesizable Thyristor-Like Leakage-Based True Random Number Generator

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A 2.4-Gb/s, 1.9-fJ/bit Nested Chaotic Oscillator-Based True Random Number Generator With 4–398-K Operation

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Entropy Improvement in Latch-Based True Random Number Generator Using Negative Bias Temperature Instability

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Self-Compensating StrongARM Latch for High-Speed Energy-Efficient True Random Number Generators

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SecureCoin: Preserving Confidentiality in Decentralized Hardware Power Management

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μRNG: A 300–950mV 323Gbps/W all-digital full-entropy true random number generator in 14nm FinFET CMOS

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Fully Synthesizable All-Digital Unified Dynamic Entropy Generation, Extraction, and Utilization Within the Same Cryptographic Core

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An All-Digital Unified Static/Dynamic Entropy Generator Featuring Self-Calibrating Hierarchical Von Neumann Extraction for Secure Privacy-Preserving Mutual Authentication in IoT Mote Platforms

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An Ultra-Low-Power True Random Number Generator Based on Volatile RRAM

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2.4 Gbps, 7 mW All-Digital PVT-Variation Tolerant True Random Number Generator for 45 nm CMOS High-Performance Microprocessors

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