Cited by 230Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringAnalog and Mixed-Signal Circuit DesignWireless Body Area Networks

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A mm-Sized Wireless Implantable Device for Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves

Charthad, Jayant, Chang, Ting Chia, Liu, Zhaokai, Sawaby, Ahmed, Weber, Marcus J., Baker, Sam, Gore, Felicity, Felt, Stephen A., Arbabian, Amin·2018·IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

DOI 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2799623

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Abstract

A wireless electrical stimulation implant for peripheral nerves, achieving >10× improvement over state of the art in the depth/volume figure of merit, is presented. The fully integrated implant measures just 2 mm × 3 mm × 6.5 mm (39 mm3, 78 mg), and operates at a large depth of 10.5 cm in a tissue phantom. The implant is powered using ultrasound and includes a miniaturized piezoelectric receiver (piezo), an IC designed in 180 nm HV BCD process, an off-chip energy storage capacitor, and platinum stimulation electrodes. The package also includes an optional blue light-emitting diode for potential applications in optogenetic stimulation in the future. A system-level design strategy for complete operation of the implant during the charging transient of the storage capacitor, as well as a unique downlink command/data transfer protocol, is presented. The implant enables externally programmable current-controlled stimulation of peripheral nerves, with a wide range of stimulation parameters, both for electrical (22 to 5000 μA amplitude, ~14 to 470 μs pulse-width, 0 to 60 Hz repetition rate) and optical (up to 23 mW/mm2optical intensity) stimulation. Additionally, the implant achieves 15 V compliance voltage for chronic applications. Full integration of the implant components, end-to-end in vitro system characterizations, and results for the electrical stimulation of a sciatic nerve, demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed stimulator for peripheral nerves.

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Authors: Charthad, J., Chang, T. C., Liu, Z., Sawaby, A., Weber, M. J., Baker, S., Gore, F., Felt, S. A., & Arbabian, A.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
ORCID: Charthad, Jayant
Chang, Ting Chia
Liu, Zhaokai
Sawaby, Ahmed
Weber, Marcus J.
Gore, Felicity
Felt, Stephen A.
Arbabian, Amin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published: 2018-04
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 257-270
ISSN: 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
1940-9990
DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2799623
OpenAlex: W2790547683
Cited by: 230
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 6
FWCI: 10.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/OAPA.html (vor)
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/OAPA.html (am)
Locations: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: DARPA Young Faculty Award
National Science Foundation CAREER Award (ECCS-1454107)
NSF Graduate Research Fellowships Program (DGE-114747)
Stanford internal seed funds
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
Keywords: peripheral nerve stimulation, piezoelectric receiver, energy storage capacitors, optogenetic stimulation, blue LEDs, sciatic nerve stimulation
MeSH terms: Electrodes, Implanted, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Equipment Design, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Peripheral Nerves

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A mm-Sized Wireless Implantable Device for Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves

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