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Cited by 267Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumPrenatal Substance Exposure EffectsBirth, Development, and Health

Growth and development following prenatal stress exposure in primates: an examination of ontogenetic vulnerability

Schneider, Mary L, Roughton, Elizabeth C, Koehler, Alyssa J, Lubach, Gabriele R·1999·Child Development
DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00020
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Abstract

Previous studies have found that stressful events during pregnancy can influence the developing fetus, resulting in attentional and neuromotor problems. This prospective study examined whether periods of vulnerability exist for neurobehavioral impairments associated with prenatal stress, using a nonhuman primate model. Twenty-eight rhesus monkey infants were born to mothers in 3 groups: (1) early gestation stress involving mild psychological stress from gestational days 45–90, (2) mid-late gestation stress from days 90–145, and (3) undisturbed controls. Infants were separated from their mothers on days 4, 9, 15, and 22 (±1) postpartum for growth and neurobehavioral assessments. Results indicated that infants from the early gestation stress condition weighed less than infants from mothers stressed during mid-late gestation. Moreover, whereas both groups scored lower than controls on measures of attention and neuromotor maturity, early gestation stress was associated with more pronounced and more pervasive motor impairments than mid-late gestation stress. These results suggest sensitivity to prenatal stress effects peaks during early gestation, tapering off during mid-late gestation. Clarifying the period of greatest vulnerability to prenatal stress moves toward elucidating the underlying mechanism for prenatal stress effects and may lead to more successful intervention and/or prevention.

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  • This possibility is supported by rhesus monkey observations where prenatal exposure to the same stressor had greater effects on postnatal motor development if earlier in gestation when neuronal migration peaked than mid-to-late when synaptogenesis peaked.

    “This possibility has been supported by observations in rhesus monkeys, where prenatal exposure to the same stressor had greater effects on postnatal motor development if it occurred earlier in gestation, when neuronal migration was at its peak, than if it occurred in mid- to late gestation, when synaptogenesis was at its peak (Schneider et al., 1999).”

    From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as Schneider et al., 1999

  • Brain regions undergoing the most extensive maturation are thought to be the most vulnerable to insult.

    “Given that brain regions undergoing the most extensive maturation are thought to be the most vulnerable to insult (Schneider et al., 1999), we might expect differing effects of ELS based on developmental timing.”

    From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Schneider et al., 1999

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Authors
Schneider, M. L., Roughton, E. C., Koehler, A. J., & Lubach, G. R.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID
Lubach, Gabriele R
Venue
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1999-03-01
Volume
70
Issue
2
Pages
263-274
ISSN
  • 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8624
DOI
10.1111/1467-8624.00020
OpenAlex
W1991706811
Cited by
267
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
FWCI
12.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r03mh048417-02)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (MCJ-009102)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA10079, R01AA010079)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH48417)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
prenatal stress, rhesus monkeys, infant growth, neurobehavioral development, attention, neuromotor development, early pregnancy, maternal stress, maternal separation
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Animals, Suckling, Birth Weight, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Handling, Psychological, Hydrocortisone, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motor Skills, Orientation, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological, Maternal Exposure

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