Unique and shared responses of the gut microbiota to prolonged fasting: A comparative study across five classes of vertebrate hosts
Open accessAbstract
Many animals face unpredictable food sources and periods of prolonged fasting, which likely present significant challenges to gut microorganisms. While several studies have demonstrated that fasting impacts the gut microbiota, experiments have not been carried out in a comparative context. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to document changes in colonic and cecal microbiomes of animals representing five classes of vertebrates at four time points through prolonged fasting: tilapia, toads, geckos, quail, and mice. We found differences in the starvation-induced changes in the microbiome across host species and across gut regions. Microbial phylogenetic diversity increased as a result of fasting in the colons of fish, toads, and mice, while quail exhibited a decrease in diversity; geckos exhibited no change. Microbial diversity in the cecum decreased in fish and exhibited no change in mice. Alterations in relative abundances of microbial taxa varied across hosts. Fish exhibited the most significant changes due to fasting, while geckos maintained a stable community over 28 days of fasting. We uncovered several shared responses of the microbiota across hosts. For example, all tetrapods exhibited decreases in the abundances of Coprobacillus and Ruminococcus in response to fasting. We also discuss host-mediated physiological mechanisms that may underlie these community changes.
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During prolonged fasting, comparable to the case of anorexia nervosa, microbes that utilize host intestinal mucins are able to flourish in the absence or shortage of dietary nutrients.
“Data from various classes of vertebrate hosts revealed that during prolonged fasting, comparable to the case of AN, microbes that utilize host intestinal mucins are able to flourish in the absence/shortage of dietary nutrients [74,75].”
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“Data from various classes of vertebrate hosts revealed that during prolonged fasting, comparable to the case of AN, microbes that utilize host intestinal mucins are able to flourish in the absence/shortage of dietary nutrients [74,75].”
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- Authors
- Kohl, K. D., Amaya, J., Passement, C. A., Dearing, M. D., & McCue, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- St. Mary's University, Texas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kohl, Kevin D.
- Venue
- FEMS Microbiology Ecology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-11-03
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 883-894
- ISSN
- 0168-6496 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117781659
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- FEMS Microbiology Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DEB 1342615, DEB 1210094)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, prolonged fasting, starvation, host-microbe interactions, colonic microbiome, cecal microbiota, microbial diversity, Coprobacillus, Ruminococcus, tilapia, toads, geckos, quail, mice, fish
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anura, Base Sequence, Cecum, Fasting, Lizards, Phylogeny, Quail, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Tilapia, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mice, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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