Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

Lin, Rose; Brown, Fran; James, Steven; Jones, Jessica; Ekinci, Elif

doi:10.1111/dme.14528

Cited by 197Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Treatment and Management

Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

Lin, Rose, Brown, Fran, James, Steven, Jones, Jessica, Ekinci, Elif·2021·Diabetic Medicine

DOI 10.1111/dme.14528

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Context and Aim: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is becoming widely accepted as an adjunct to diabetes management. Compared to standard care, CGM can provide detailed information about glycaemic variability in an internationally standardised ambulatory glucose profile, enabling more informed user and clinician decision making. We aimed to review the evidence, user experience and cost‐effectiveness of CGM. Methods: A literature search was conducted by combining subject headings ‘CGM’ and ‘flash glucose monitoring’, with key words ‘type 1 diabetes’ and ‘type 2 diabetes’, limited to ‘1999 to current’. Further evidence was obtained from relevant references of retrieved articles. Results: There is a strong evidence for CGM use in people with type 1 diabetes, with benefits of reduced glycated haemoglobin and hypoglycaemia, and increased time in range. While the evidence for CGM use in type 2 diabetes is less robust, similar benefits have been demonstrated. CGM can improve diabetes‐related satisfaction in people with diabetes (PWD) and parents of children with diabetes, as well as the clinician experience. However, CGM does have limitations including cost, accuracy and perceived inconvenience. Cost‐effectiveness analyses have indicated that CGM is a cost‐effective adjunct to type 1 diabetes management that is associated with reduced diabetes‐related complications and hospitalisation. Conclusions: Continuous glucose monitoring is revolutionising diabetes management. It is a cost‐effective adjunct to diabetes management that has the potential to improve glycaemic outcomes and quality of life in PWD, especially type 1 diabetes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/dme.14528

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

CGM systems have progressed from retrospective professional devices to sophisticated real-time monitors and automated closed-loop systems that integrate with insulin delivery.
“These systems have progressed from retrospective professional devices to sophisticated real-time monitors and automated closed-loop systems that integrate with insulin delivery [39].”
From Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
Mixed results have been reported on the use of CGM systems by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
“However, while the use of CGM systems has been shown to (further) improve therapy for people with T1DM [12, 13], mixed results have been reported on the use of CGM systems by people with T2DM [14, 15].”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [15]

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667 · see citing works
Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range
Battelino, T., Danne, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Amiel, S. A., Beck, R., Biester, T., Bosi, E., Buckingham, B. A., Cefalu, W. T., Close, K. L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0028 · Cited by 4,032 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805017 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., Kollman, C., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19975 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement
Riddell, M. C., Gallen, I. W., Smart, C. E., Taplin, C. E., Adolfsson, P., Lumb, A. N., Kowalski, A., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., McCrimmon, R. J., Hume, C., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30014-1 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial
Bolinder, J., Antuna, R., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P., Kröger, J., & Weitgasser, R. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31535-5 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
Validation of Time in Range as an Outcome Measure for Diabetes Clinical Trials
Beck, R. W., Bergenstal, R. M., Riddlesworth, T. D., Kollman, C., Li, Z., Brown, A. S., & Close, K. L. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1444 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Conventional Therapy for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: The GOLD Randomized Clinical Trial
Lind, M., Polonsky, W., Hirsch, I. B., Heise, T., Bolinder, J., Dahlqvist, S., Schwarz, E., Ólafsdóttir, A. F., Frid, A., Wedel, H., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19976 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Usual Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Trial
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T. D., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Haller, S., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., Price, D., Aronoff, S., et al. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2855 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J.-P., & Rayman, G. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness or severe hypoglycaemia treated with multiple daily insulin injections (HypoDE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Heinemann, L., Freckmann, G., Ehrmann, D., Faber-Heinemann, G., Guerra, S., Waldenmaier, D., & Hermanns, N. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30297-6 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Association of time in range, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes
Lu, J., Ma, X., Zhou, J., Zhang, L., Mo, Y., Ying, L., Lu, W., Zhu, W., Bao, Y., Vigersky, R. A., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1131 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
The use and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: a randomised controlled trial
the SWITCH Study Group, Battelino, T., Conget, I., Olsen, B., Schütz-Fuhrmann, I., Hommel, E., Hoogma, R., Schierloh, U., Sulli, N., & Bolinder, J. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2708-9 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
The relationship of hemoglobin A1C to time-in-range in patients with diabetes
Vigersky, R. A., & McMahon, C. (2019) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0310 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Laffel, L. M., Kanapka, L. G., Beck, R. W., Bergamo, K., Clements, M. A., Criego, A., DeSalvo, D. J., Goland, R., Hood, K., Liljenquist, D., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6940 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Significantly Reduces A1C Levels in Poorly Controlled, Noninsulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Polonsky, W. H., Fisher, L., Schikman, C. H., Hinnen, D. A., Parkin, C. G., Jelsovsky, Z., Petersen, B., Schweitzer, M., & Wagner, R. S. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1732 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Toward Defining the Threshold Between Low and High Glucose Variability in Diabetes
Monnier, L., Colette, C., Wojtusciszyn, A., Dejager, S., Renard, E., Molinari, N., & Owens, D. R. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1769 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IN CONTROL): a randomised, open-label, crossover trial
van Beers, C. A. J., DeVries, J. H., Kleijer, S. J., Smits, M. M., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P. H., Kramer, M. H. H., Diamant, M., Snoek, F. J., & Serné, E. H. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30193-0 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hypoglycemia in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Pratley, R. E., Kanapka, L. G., Rickels, M. R., Ahmann, A., Aleppo, G., Beck, R., Bhargava, A., Bode, B. W., Carlson, A., Chaytor, N. S., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6928 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
REPLACE-BG: a randomized trial comparing continuous glucose monitoring with and without routine blood glucose monitoring in adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes
Aleppo, G., Ruedy, K. J., Riddlesworth, T. D., Kruger, D. F., Peters, A. L., Hirsch, I., Bergenstal, R. M., Toschi, E., Ahmann, A. J., Shah, V. N., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2482 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s007 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
The effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ehrhardt, N. M., Chellappa, M., Walker, M. S., Fonda, S. J., & Vigersky, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500320 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: diabetes technologies
Sherr, J. L., Tauschmann, M., Battelino, T., de Bock, M., Forlenza, G., Roman, R., Hood, K. K., & Maahs, D. M. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12731 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Use of flash glucose-sensing technology for 12 months as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J.-P., & Rayman, G. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0255-6 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Marked improvement in HbA1c following commencement of flash glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes
Tyndall, V., Stimson, R. H., Zammitt, N. N., Ritchie, S. A., McKnight, J. A., Dover, A. R., & Gibb, F. W. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4894-1 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Review of an Innovation in Diabetes Management
Mian, Z., Hermayer, K. L., & Jenkins, A. (2019) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2019.07.003 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Remote Monitoring Improves Psychosocial Measures in Parents of Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Burckhardt, M., Roberts, A., Smith, G. J., Abraham, M. B., Davis, E. A., & Jones, T. W. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0938 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Utilizing the Ambulatory Glucose Profile to Standardize and Implement Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Practice
Johnson, M. L., Martens, T. W., Criego, A. B., Carlson, A. L., Simonson, G. D., & Bergenstal, R. M. (2019) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0034 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Outcomes of using flash glucose monitoring technology by children and young people with type 1 diabetes in a single arm study
Campbell, F., Murphy, N., Stewart, C., Biester, T., & Kordonouri, O. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12735 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Adherence to Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes
Patton, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814567709 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
General Practice Management of Type 2 Diabetes: 2014-15
Deed, G., Ackermann, E. W., Arthur, I., Barlow, J. M., Jagadeesan, S., Kawol, D., Kilov, G., Leow, S., Manski-Nankervis, J.-A. E., Rasalam, R., et al. (2014) · ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The use of real time continuous glucose monitoring or flash glucose monitoring in the management of diabetes: A consensus view of Italian diabetes experts using the Delphi method
Bruttomesso, D., Laviola, L., Avogaro, A., Bonora, E., Prato, S. D., Frontoni, S., Orsi, E., Rabbone, I., Sesti, G., & Purrello, F. (2019) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.018 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Flash glucose monitoring (FGM): A clinical review on glycaemic outcomes and impact on quality of life
Ang, E., Lee, Z. X., Moore, S. L., & Nana, M. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107559 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of the evidence, opportunities for future use and ongoing challenges
Wood, A. J., O'Neal, D. N., Furler, J., & Ekinci, E. I. (2018) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.13770 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multicentre, randomised, controlled study of the impact of continuous sub-cutaneous glucose monitoring (GlucoDay®) on glycaemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients
Cosson, E., Hamo-Tchatchouang, E., Dufaitre-Patouraux, L., Attali, J.-R., Pariès, J., & Schaepelynck-Bélicar, P. (2009) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2009.02.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Technological advances shaping diabetes care
Aktürk, H. K., & Garg, S. K. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000467 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flash Glucose Monitoring: The Future Is Here
Garg, S. K., & Aktürk, H. K. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2017.0098 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Professional flash continuous glucose monitoring as a supplement to A1C in primary care
Hirsch, I. B. (2017) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1383137 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Advances in glucose monitoring: Improving diabetes management through evidence-based medicine
Mazze, R. S. (2020) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2020.03.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Recent advances in management of type 1 diabetes
Pyrlis, F., Brown, F., & Ekinci, E. I. (2019) · Australian Journal of General Practice · doi:10.31128/ajgp-12-18-4775 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems
Baryakova, T. H., Pogostin, B. H., Langer, R., & McHugh, K. J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-023-00670-0 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
The Emerging Role of Raman Spectroscopy as an Omics Approach for Metabolic Profiling and Biomarker Detection toward Precision Medicine
Cutshaw, G., Uthaman, S., Hassan, N. M., Kothadiya, S., Wen, X., & Bardhan, R. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00897 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Transforming Healthcare: Intelligent Wearable Sensors Empowered by Smart Materials and Artificial Intelligence
Chen, S., Fan, S., Qiao, Z., Wu, Z., Lin, B., Li, Z., Riegler, M. A., Wong, M. Y. H., Opheim, A. I., Korostynska, O., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202500412 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Integrated Devices for Management of Diabetes with Insulin-Based Therapy: Improvement in Glycemic Control
Yoo, J. H., & Kim, J. H. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2022.0271 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Review of Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetics
Li, Y., & Chen, Y. (2023) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.3c01538 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Metrics of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Uhl, S., Choure, A., Rouse, B., Loblack, A., & Reaven, P. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad652 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Integration of chemical and physical inputs for monitoring metabolites and cardiac signals in diabetes
Chang, A., Lin, M., Yin, L., Reynoso, M., Ding, S., Liu, R., Dugas, Y., Casanova, A., Park, G., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01439-z · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pleus, S., Freckmann, G., Schauer, S., Heinemann, L., Ziegler, R., Ji, L., Mohan, V., Calliari, L. E., & Hinzmann, R. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01254-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Noninvasive Diabetes Detection through Human Breath Using TinyML-Powered E-Nose
Gudiño-Ochoa, A., García-Rodríguez, J. A., Ochoa-Ornelas, R., Chávez, J. I. C., & Sánchez-Arias, D. A. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24041294 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Remote self-collection of capillary blood using upper arm devices for autoantibody analysis in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Zarbl, J., Eimer, E., Gigg, C., Bendzuck, G., Korinth, M., Elling-Audersch, C., Kleyer, A., Simón, D., Boeltz, S., Krusche, M., et al. (2022) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002641 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Subcutaneous depth-selective spectral imaging with mμSORS enables noninvasive glucose monitoring
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Shao, S., Tao, B., Hu, C., Chen, Y., Shen, Y., Zhang, X., Pan, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01217-w · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Accurate Post-Calibration Predictions for Noninvasive Glucose Measurements in People Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
Pors, A., Rasmussen, K. G., Inglev, R., Jendrike, N. R. M., Philipps, A., Ranjan, A. G., Vestergaard, V., Henriksen, J. E., Nørgaard, K., Freckmann, G., et al. (2023) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02756 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Microneedle-Based Multiplexed Monitoring of Diabetes Biomarkers: Capabilities Beyond Glucose Toward Closed-Loop Theranostic Systems
Moonla, C., Reynoso, M., Chang, A., Saha, T., Surace, S., & Wang, J. (2025) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.5c00652 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Beliefs Around Hypoglycemia and Their Impacts on Hypoglycemia Outcomes in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes and High Risks for Hypoglycemia Despite Using Advanced Diabetes Technologies
Lin, Y. K., Richardson, C. R., Dobrin, I., DeJonckheere, M. J., Mizokami‐Stout, K., Fetters, M. D., Aikens, J. E., Fisher, S. J., Ye, W., & Pop‐Busui, R. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1285 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Continuous Ketone Monitoring: A New Paradigm for Physiologic Monitoring
Zhang, J. Y., Shang, T., Koliwad, S. K., & Klonoff, D. C. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968211009860 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of Aqueous Extracts from Caucasus Herbs in Diabetes Mellitus
Tsiganock, A. S., Bgantseva, A. E., Vostrikova, V. R., Shevel, D. S., Saidarova, A. I., Bekbuzarov, I. M., Kurbanov, T. K., & Shadova, S. M. (2023) · Specialty journal of Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.51847/y5fvcyw12s · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lu, J., Ying, Z., Wang, P., Fu, M., Han, C., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15328 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Monitoring saliva compositions for non-invasive detection of diabetes using a colorimetric-based multiple sensor
Bordbar, M. M., Hosseini, M. S., Sheini, A., Safaei, E., Halabian, R., Daryanavard, S. M., Samadinia, H., & Bagheri, H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43262-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Association of the use of diabetes technology with HbA1c and BMI‐SDS in an international cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The SWEET project experience
Marigliano, M., Eckert, A. J., Guness, P. K., Herbst, A., Smart, C. E., Witsch, M., Maffeis, C., & SWEET Study Group (2021) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13274 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions
Rankin, D., Hart, R. I., Kimbell, B., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Brackenridge, A., Byrne, C., Collett, C., Dover, A. R., Hartnell, S., Hunt, K. F., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2022.0479 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Calibration algorithms for continuous glucose monitoring systems based on interstitial fluid sensing
Sun, T., Liu, J., & Chen, C. J. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116450 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Implantable and transcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system: a randomized cross over trial comparing accuracy, efficacy and acceptance
Boscari, F., Vettoretti, M., Cavallin, F., Amato, A. M. L., Uliana, A., Vallone, V., Avogaro, A., Facchinetti, A., & Bruttomesso, D. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01624-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived HIF-1α-overexpressed extracellular vesicles ameliorate hypoxia-induced pancreatic β cell apoptosis and senescence through activating YTHDF1-mediated protective autophagy
Fang, J., Chen, Z., Lai, X., Yin, W. H., Guo, Y., Zhang, W., Ma, J., Li, G., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106194 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Systematic review of disparities in continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump utilization in the United States: Key themes and evidentiary gaps
Patel, P. M., Thomas, D., Liu, Z., Renner, S. A., Clemons, M. D., & Patel, B. V. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15774 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of gradient high-field static magnetic fields on diabetic mice
Yu, B., 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院强磁场与离子束物理生物学重点实验室, 强., Song, C., Feng, C., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y.-M., Zhang, L., Ji, X., Tian, X., et al. (2023) · 动物学研究 · doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.460 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
At-home blood self-sampling in rheumatology: a qualitative study with patients and health care professionals
Muehlensiepen, F., May, S., Zarbl, J., Vogt, E., Boy, K., Heinze, M., Boeltz, S., Labinsky, H., Bendzuck, G., Korinth, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08787-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Something Tells Me I Can’t Do That No More”: Experiences With Real-Time Glucose and Activity Monitoring Among Underserved Black Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Fritschi, C., Kim, M. J., Srimoragot, M., Jun, J., Sanchez, L. E., & Sharp, L. K. (2022) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106221076042 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Hypoglycemic Fear Syndrome: Understanding and Addressing This Common Clinical Problem in Adults With Diabetes
Polonsky, W. H., Guzman, S., & Fisher, L. (2023) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd22-0131 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Feasibility and acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: A single-centre prospective mixed methods study
Kusinski, L. C., Brown, J., Hughes, D. J., & Meek, C. L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292094 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effectiveness of adding alarms to flash glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes under routine care
Boscari, F., Ferretto, S., Cavallin, F., Fadini, G. P., Avogaro, A., & Bruttomesso, D. (2022) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-022-01884-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Narrative Review: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Older Adults with Diabetes
Wilson, A., Morrison, D., Sainsbury, C. A. R., & Jones, G. C. (2025) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-025-01720-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Unraveling the link: exploring the causal relationship between diabetes, multiple sclerosis, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease through Mendelian randomization
Xue, H., Zeng, L., & Liu, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1233601 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Current Technological Trends in Transdermal Biosensing
Zhang, Y., Yang, C., Shi, H., & Xu, C. (2022) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202200040 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The ambulatory glucose profile and its interpretation
Lin, R., Brown, F., & Ekinci, E. I. (2022) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51666 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Asia-Pacific Perspectives on the Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Optimizing Diabetes Management
Twigg, S. M., Lim, S. K., Yoo, S.-H., Chen, L., Bao, Y., Kong, A. P. S., Yeoh, E. C. K., Chan, S. P., Robles, J., Mohan, V., et al. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968231176533 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Technological advancements in glucose monitoring and artificial pancreas systems for shaping diabetes care
Ghosh, N., & Verma, S. (2024) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2422005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Prevalence of dermatitis including allergic contact dermatitis from medical devices used by children and adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and questionnaire study
von Kobyletzki, L. B., Ulriksdotter, J., Sukakul, T., Aerts, O., Agner, T., Buhl, T., Bruze, M., Foti, C., Giménez‐Arnau, A. M., Gonçalo, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.19908 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A new glucose monitoring system for the intermittent monitoring of interstitial glucose values in patients with diabetes mellitus
Rossi, A., Rossi, G., Montefusco, L. B., Cimino, V., Pastore, I., Gandolfi, A., Bucciarelli, L. G., Loretelli, C., Boci, D., D’Addio, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-024-01488-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring for the prediction of posttransplant diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance on day 90 after kidney transplantation—A prospective proof-of-concept study
Eleftheriadis, G., Naik, M. G., Osmanodja, B., Liefeldt, L., Choi, M., Halleck, F., Schrezenmeier, E. V., Eckardt, K., Pigorsch, M., Tura, A., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.ajt.2024.07.016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The pathophysiological link between type 1 diabetes and MASLD: insights into insulin resistance and liver dysfunction
Herrera-Ojeda, J. L., Blanco-Palma, R. S., Chávez-Tapia, N. C., Uribe, M., Montalvo-Jave, E. E., & Nuño‐Lámbarri, N. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-025-02621-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring to assess glucose variability in type 3c diabetes
Lee, V. T. Y., Poynten, A. M., & Depczynski, B. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14882 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alfadli, S. F., Alotaibi, Y. S., Aqdi, M. J., Almozan, L. A., Alzubaidi, Z. B., Altemani, H. A., Almutairi, S. D., Alabdullah, H. A., Almehmadi, A. A., Alanzi, A. L., et al. (2025) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2025.100382 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Use of continuous glucose monitoring and hybrid closed‐loop therapy in pregnancy
Benhalima, K., & Yamamoto, J. M. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15999 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Exploring cutting-edge approaches in diabetes care: from nanotechnology to personalized therapeutics
Asaad, G. F., Doghish, A. S., Rashad, A. A., & El‐Dakroury, W. A. (2024) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03532-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dead in bed – A systematic review of overnight deaths in type 1 diabetes
Jones, J., James, S., Brown, F., O'Neal, D. N., & Ekinci, E. I. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110042 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
DiabetesWise : An innovative approach to promoting diabetes device awareness
Wong, J. J., Addala, A., Hanes, S. J., Krugman, S., Naranjo, D. M., Nelmes, S., Rose, K. J., Tanenbaum, M. L., & Hood, K. K. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13401 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Factors associated with psychological insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes in China
Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Fan, W., Ma, X., Song, S., & Zhang, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1368132 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A combined diabetes and continuous glucose monitoring education program for adults with type 2 diabetes
Lind, N., Christensen, M. B., & Nørgaard, K. (2024) · PEC Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100324 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Acceptability and feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Brown, J. V. E., Ajjan, R., Siddiqi, N., & Coventry, P. A. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02126-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Determination of Capillary Blood TSH and Free Thyroxine Levels Using Digital Immunoassay
Suzuki, N., Takeuchi, M., Miyazaki, N., Tanaka, K., Utsunomiya, S., Arai, Y., Yoshimura, T., Sugino, K., Ito, K., & Noh, J. Y. (2024) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae030 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: A registry‐based study of 10,202 adults with type 1 diabetes in Norway
Hernar, I., Strandberg, R. B., Nilsen, R. M., Cooper, J. G., Skinner, T. C., Iversen, M. M., Richards, D. A., Lie, S. S., Løvaas, K. F., Madsen, T. V., et al. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15480 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Virtual clinic for young people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised wait-list controlled study
Leksell, J. K., Toft, E., Rosman, J., Eriksson, J. W., Fischier, J., Olinder, A. L., Rosenblad, A., & Nerpin, E. (2023) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-023-01516-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Intermittent Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Is Preferred: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Experiences
Bendixen, B. E., Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., Lomborg, K. E., Måkestad, E., Iversen, M. M., Søfteland, E. W., & Haugstvedt, A. (2025) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106251326517 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Time in Range Estimation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is Improved by Incorporating Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels
Sun, R., Duan, Y., Zhang, Y., Feng, L., Ding, B., Yan, R., Ma, J., & Su, X. (2023) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-023-01432-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Beware the pitfalls of time below range
Thabit, H., Schofield, J. D., & Leelarathna, L. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15124 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Association of scan frequency with CGM-derived metrics and influential factors in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Sakane, N., Hirota, Y., Yamamoto, A., Miura, J., Takaike, H., Hoshina, S., Toyoda, M., Saito, N., Hosoda, K., Matsubara, M., et al. (2023) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-023-00655-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of Ethanol Consumption on the Accuracy of a Glucose Oxidase-Based Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes
Moscardó, V., García, A., Bondía, J., Diaz, J., Ramos‐Prol, A., & Rossetti, P. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22093101 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Expanding Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes
Dabbagh, Z., McKee, M. D., Pirraglia, P. A., Clements, K. M., Liu, F., Amante, D. J., Shukla, P., & Gerber, B. S. (2022) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0536 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring during exercise-related hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Maytham, K. B., Hagelqvist, P. G., Engberg, S., Forman, J. L., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Knop, F. K., Vilsbøll, T., & Andersen, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1352829 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effectiveness and safety of telemonitoring compared with standard of care in people with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin: a national multicenter randomized controlled trial
Hangaard, S., Kronborg, T., Cohen, S. R., Kofoed‐Enevoldsen, A., Thomsen, C. H. N., Aradóttir, T. B., Kristensen, S. N. S., Kaas, A., Bengtsson, H. L., Vestergaard, P., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2025.05.017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The potential of glucose management indicator for the estimation of glucose disposal rate in people with type 1 diabetes
Cutruzzolà, A., Parise, M., Scavelli, F. B., Fiorentino, R., Luca, S. D., Molfetta, S. D., Gnasso, A., & Irace, C. (2024) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.06.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Diabetes remission in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus through short‐term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion intensive therapy combined with low‐carbohydrate diet treatment
Huang, X., Jiang, J., Liu, L., Lin, Y., Zhang, F., Ling, X., Wei, H., Huang, G., Ye, J., Huang, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.14371 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Headset biofluorometric system for acetone vapor from the ear canal
Zhang, G., Ichikawa, K., Iitani, K., Iwasaki, Y., & Mitsubayashi, K. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.137220 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
An mHealth Text Messaging Program Providing Symptom Detection Training and Psychoeducation to Improve Hypoglycemia Self-Management: Intervention Development Study
Lin, Y. K., Aikens, J. E., de Zoysa, N., Hall, D., Funnell, M. M., Nwankwo, R. B., Kloss, K., DeJonckheere, M. J., Pop‐Busui, R., Piatt, G., et al. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/50374 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of continuous glucose monitoring in enhanced recovery after colorectal cancer patient surgery with type 2 diabetes (application of CGM in the ERAS process of CRC patient with diabetes)
Wang, Q., Zhou, Y., Wang, W., Ou, Y., Wu, X., Chen, J., Li, X., & Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1464071 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Applications of continuous glucose monitoring across settings and populations: Report from the 23rd Hong Kong diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors—East meets west symposium
Oliver, N. S., Chow, E., Luk, A. O. Y., & Murphy, H. R. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15038 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Monitoring Statistical Properties of Kalman Filter Residuals in an Artificial Pancreas to Detect Overnight Pump Malfunctions Causing Insulin Suspension
Manzoni, E., Rampazzo, M., Facchinetti, A., Sparacino, G., & Favero, S. D. (2023) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2023.105673 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Methyl protodioscin reduces c-Myc to ameliorate diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction via downregulation of AKAP12
Luo, M., Hu, Z., Liu, Z., Tian, X., Chen, J., Yang, J., Liu, L., Lin, C., Li, D., & He, Q. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Regularized Denoising Method for Retrospective Detection of Pressure Induced Artifacts in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors Data
Manzoni, E., Idi, E., Camerlingo, N., Facchinetti, A., Sparacino, G., & Favero, S. D. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3536805 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Epidemiological trend in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) burden in China from 1990 to 2021, and projections for 2041: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
Li, H., Wang, J., Zhang, T., Lou, P., Xu, L., & Ma, L. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24674-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Engineering an ionic liquid micro-architecture for stable glucose oxidase enables highly durable implantable sensors
Wang, S., Wang, X., Cao, Y., Wang, X., Yin, S., & Liang, M. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.175860 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
High-rank technology in the medicine - the impact of continuous glucose monitoring system alarm settings values on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients: a systematic review
Urbanová, J., Michalec, J., & Brož, J. (2021) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2021.091 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improving glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes using retrospective continuous glucose monitoring
Diamond, K. (2023) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000831 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Current Perspective on the Potential Benefits of Smart Insulin Pens on Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes: Spanish Delphi Consensus
Moreno-Fernández, J., Díaz-Soto, G., Girbés, J., & Arroyo, F. J. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968231178022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Non-contact monitoring of glucose concentration and pH by integration of wearable and implantable hydrogel sensors with optical coherence tomography
Naseska, M., Globočnik, A., Davies, S., Yetisen, A. K., & Humar, M. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.506780 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Quality assessment of glucose measurement with regard to epidemiology and clinical management of diabetes mellitus in Germany
Luppa, P. B., Zeller, M., Pieper, M., Kaiser, P., Weiss, N., Vierbaum, L., & Freckmann, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371426 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cost-Utility of Real-Time Potassium Monitoring in United States Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Bamforth, R. J., Ferguson, T. W., Tangri, N., Rigatto, C., Collister, D., & Komenda, P. V. J. (2024) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2024.08.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom g6) in people with diabetes after kidney transplantation
Jakubowska, Z., & Małyszko, J. (2024) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2024.2413007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes
Simmons, D. S., & Chai, T. Y. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00093-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Differential Association between Blood Glucose Levels and Nonrelapse Mortality after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Based on Presence or Absence of Preexisting Diabetes
Rashid, N., Gooley, T. A., Boeckh, M., Ueda, M., Chao, J. H., Hirsch, I. B., & Mielcarek, M. B. (2024) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.065 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Expertenaustausch zum Einsatz von kontinuierlichem Glukosemonitoring (CGM) im Diabetesmanagement: Eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme und Blick in die Zukunft
Thomas, A., Haak, T., Tombek, A., Kulzer, B., Ehrmann, D., Kordonouri, O., Kroeger, J., Schubert-Olesen, O., Kolassa, R., Siegmund, T., et al. (2022) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-1849-2137 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Diametrics: A User-Friendly Web Tool for Custom Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring DataPreprint
Russon, C. L., Allen, M. J., Saunby, M., Pulsford, R. M., Vaughan, N., Cocks, M. S., Low, J. L., Hesketh, K. L., & Andrews, R. C. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.06.20.24309152 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Survey of Diabetes Technology in the Pediatric Inpatient Setting
Hamilton, A. B., Rajagopal, N., Ngo, C., Hendrix-Dicken, A. D., Mercer, S., & Condren, M. (2025) · The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.5863/1551-6776-30.1.123 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Correlación entre tiempo en rango y hemoglobina glicosilada en personas con diabetes mellitus: revisión sistemática
Lima, R. A. D., Fernandes, D. R., Garcia, R. A. C., Carvalho, L. A. D. R., Silveira, R. C. D. C. P., & Teixeira, C. R. D. S. (2023) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6655.4088 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Insulin Type 2 Diabetes
Kesavadev, J., Saboo, B., Makkar, B. M., Agarwal, S., Chawla, M. S., Chandran, V., Shankar, A., & Basanth, A. (2023) · International Journal of Diabetes and Technology · doi:10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_26_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring the Nutritional Benefits of Medicinal Plants in Diabetes Management
Agnes, K. (2025) · IAA Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.59298/iaajb/2025/1312936 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pros and cons of continous glucose monitoring
Ciechański, M., Witkowska, E., Ostańska, A., Szafran, A., Wiśniewska, K., Piasek, L., Godek, G., Więcław, K., Stańko, K., & Terelak, W. (2023) · Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.20883/medical.e873 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Long-term tracking of glycosylated hemoglobin levels across the lifespan in type 1 diabetes: from infants to young adults
Kim, S., Kim, S. J., Cho, K. W., Song, K., Lee, M., Suh, J., Chae, H. W., Kim, H.-S., & Kwon, A. (2024) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2346180.090 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advanced biomaterials for diabetes healthcare and complication therapy: A review
Wang, G., Liao, W., Han, F., Shi, Y., & Hu, Z. (2024) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0237243 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Glukosemessung und -kontrolle bei Patienten mit Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes
Schlüter, S., Deiss, D., Gehr, B., Lange, K., von Sengbusch, S., Thomas, A., Ziegler, R., Wiesner, T., & Freckmann, G. (2024) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-2312-1073 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advancing Diabetes Quality Measurement in the Era of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Khan, M., Wahid, N., Musser, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Ebekozien, O. A., Snow, K. J., Thomas, K., & Aprigliano, C. M. (2023) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106231163518 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Acceptability and feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidencePreprint
Brown, J. V. E., Ajjan, R., Siddiqi, N., & Coventry, P. A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1431018/v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
What Nephrologists Should Know about the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Lamine, F., Pruijm, M. T., Bahon, V., & Zanchi, A. (2022) · Kidney and Dialysis · doi:10.3390/kidneydial2030042 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Prospective, Single-Center Observational Study
Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Chun, X., Gao, Y., Yao, R., Liang, Y., Zhu, L., He, Y., & Huang, W. (2024) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2024.06.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring—New Diagnostic Tool in Complex Pathophysiological Disorder of Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Šimunović, M., Kumrić, M., Rušić, D., Šimunović, M. P., & Božić, J. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14242801 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Unified Care Delivery Model: Integration of Remote Patient Monitoring and Ambulatory Care for Diabetes and Hypertension Management in the U.S.
Li, W., Weng, K., Wang, C., Zheng, D., & Li, X.-N. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.115568 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assessing glycaemic impact of FreeStyle libre monitoring in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a retrospective real-world analysis
Atkinson, M., Williams, D. M., Crockett, E., Hathaway, I., Mon, M., Stephens, J. W., & Min, T. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-025-01572-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Use of Glucose Monitoring Devices Among Adults with Diabetes in Germany: Results from Nationwide Surveys Conducted in 2017 and 2021/2022
Du, Y., Baumert, J., Buchmann, M., Holl, R. W., & Heidemann, C. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2024.0623 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluation of pharmacist-led management of type 2 diabetes using personal continuous glucose monitors across a large tertiary academic health system
Mnatzaganian, C. L., Bounthavong, M., Abalos, W., Chau, T., Nwosu, O., Yi, A., Saunders, I. M., & Kelly, P. (2025) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2025.102397 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prise de position d’un groupe d’experts – utilisation de la mesure en continu du glucose chez les patients vivant avec un diabète de type 2 en France
Joubert, M., Bouillet, B., Prévost, G., Vermesse, B., Mosnier-Pudar, H., Thébaut, J.-F., Riveline, J., Davoust, N., Guerci, B., & Meyer, L. (2025) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2025.04.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A systematic review: Cost‐effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared to self‐monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes
Jiao, Y., Lin, R., Hua, X., Churilov, L. P., Gaca, M., James, S., Clarke, P., O'Neal, D. N., & Ekinci, E. I. (2022) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.369 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Current Role and Clinical Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Canadian Adults Living With Type 2 Diabetes
Gilbert, J., Reichert, S. M., Cadieux, T., & Senior, P. A. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2026.04.007
Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of the evidence, opportunities for future use and ongoing challenges
Wood, A. J., O'Neal, D. N., Furler, J., & Ekinci, E. I. (2018) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.13770 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
[Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 2 diabetes].
JENDLE, J. H., & Jansson, S. P. O. (2021) · PubMed
The Clinical and Economic Costs and Benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Salama, M. (2018) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University)

Authors: Lin, R., Brown, F., James, S., Jones, J., & Ekinci, E.
Affiliations: Austin Hospital (AU)
Melbourne Diabetes Education and Support Heidelberg Heights Vic. Australia
University of the Sunshine Coast (AU)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author: Ekinci, Elif
ORCID: Lin, Rose
Brown, Fran
James, Steven
Jones, Jessica
Ekinci, Elif
Venue: Diabetic Medicine
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2021-03-06
Volume: 38
Issue: 5
Pages: e14528-e14528
ISSN: 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
1464-5491
DOI: 10.1111/dme.14528
OpenAlex: W3121399117
Cited by: 197
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 7
FWCI: 4.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, flash glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, glycemic variability, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, time in range, cost-effectiveness, user experience, diabetes management, quality of life
MeSH terms: Glycemic Control, Blood Glucose, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hospitalization, Humans, Quality of Life, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Patient Satisfaction, Diabetes Complications, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks