The science of resilience: implications for the prevention and treatment of depression
Abstract
Human responses to stress and trauma vary widely. Some people develop trauma-related psychological disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; others develop mild to moderate psychological symptoms that resolve rapidly; still others report no new psychological symptoms in response to traumatic stress. Individual variability in how animals and humans respond to stress and trauma depends on numerous genetic, developmental, cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological risk and protective factors.
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Individuals with low psychological resilience seem to have compromised control of brain circuits involved in emotion and fear and poor cortico-limbic inhibition, representing a dysregulated emotional response to stress that may result in elevated cortisol exposure.
“Moreover, individuals with low psychological resilience seem to have compromised control of brain circuits involved in emotion and fear [97] and poor cortico-limbic inhibition, representing a dysregulated emotional response to stress that may result in elevated cortisol exposure [98].”
From The prospective association of adolescent loneliness and low resilience with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: The HUNT study (2025) · cites this paper as [97]
The prospective association between anxiety and depression is particularly strong and well established.
“The prospective association between anxiety and depression is particularly strong and well established. 257”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [257]
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- Authors
- Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Charney, Dennis S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2012-10-05
- Volume
- 338
- Issue
- 6103
- Pages
- 79-82
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1996620918
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 41.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- resilience, depression, depression prevention, depression treatment, stress response, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, interindividual variability, risk and protective factors, genetic factors, neurobiology of stress
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Resilience, Psychological
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