Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force
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An international consensus group of clinician-researchers in epilepsy, neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry collaborated with the aim of developing clear guidance on standards for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Because the gold standard of video electroencephalography (vEEG) is not available worldwide, or for every patient, the group delineated a staged approach to PNES diagnosis. Using a consensus review of the literature, this group evaluated key diagnostic approaches. These included: history, EEG, ambulatory EEG, vEEG/monitoring, neurophysiologic, neurohumoral, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, hypnosis, and conversation analysis. Levels of diagnostic certainty were developed including possible, probable, clinically established, and documented diagnosis, based on the availability of history, witnessed event, and investigations, including vEEG. The aim and hope of this report is to provide greater clarity about the process and certainty of the diagnosis of PNES, with the intent to improve the care for people with epilepsy and nonepileptic seizures.
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- Authors
- LaFrance, W. C., Baker, G. A., Duncan, R., Goldstein, L. H., & Reuber, M.
- Affiliations
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Rhode Island Hospital Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Christchurch Hospital (NZ)
- King's College London (GB)
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-20
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2005-2018
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W1946832819
- Cited by
- 856
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Keywords
- psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, diagnosis, video electroencephalography, diagnostic certainty, hypnosis, conversation analysis, neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment, medical history, non-epileptic seizures
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Electroencephalography, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Neuropsychological Tests, Seizures, Advisory Committees
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