Cited by 856Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsEpilepsy research and treatmentPain Management and Placebo Effect

Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force

Open access
LaFrance, W. Curt, Baker, Gus A., Duncan, Rod, Goldstein, Laura H., Reuber, Markus·2013·Epilepsia

Abstract

An international consensus group of clinician-researchers in epilepsy, neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry collaborated with the aim of developing clear guidance on standards for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Because the gold standard of video electroencephalography (vEEG) is not available worldwide, or for every patient, the group delineated a staged approach to PNES diagnosis. Using a consensus review of the literature, this group evaluated key diagnostic approaches. These included: history, EEG, ambulatory EEG, vEEG/monitoring, neurophysiologic, neurohumoral, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, hypnosis, and conversation analysis. Levels of diagnostic certainty were developed including possible, probable, clinically established, and documented diagnosis, based on the availability of history, witnessed event, and investigations, including vEEG. The aim and hope of this report is to provide greater clarity about the process and certainty of the diagnosis of PNES, with the intent to improve the care for people with epilepsy and nonepileptic seizures.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/epi.12356

Cites

159 of 159 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 160 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
LaFrance, W. C., Baker, G. A., Duncan, R., Goldstein, L. H., & Reuber, M.
Affiliations
  • Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Rhode Island Hospital Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
  • University of Liverpool (GB)
  • Christchurch Hospital (NZ)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • Royal Hallamshire Hospital (GB)
Venue
Epilepsia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-09-20
Volume
54
Issue
11
Pages
2005-2018
ISSN
  • 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-1167
OpenAlex
W1946832819
Cited by
856
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 62 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords
psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, diagnosis, video electroencephalography, diagnostic certainty, hypnosis, conversation analysis, neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment, medical history, non-epileptic seizures
MeSH terms
Diagnosis, Differential, Electroencephalography, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Neuropsychological Tests, Seizures, Advisory Committees

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review