The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Don't Stand So Close to Me: The Effects of Self-Construal on Interpersonal Closeness
Abstract
Three studies investigated the effects of self-construal activation on behavior conducive to interpersonal proximity. Study 1 revealed that compared with control participants, participants who were primed with the independent (or personal) self sat further away from where they anticipated another person would sit in a waiting room. Results of Study 2 indicated that participants primed with the interdependent (or social) self sat closer to the anticipated other person than did those primed with the independent self. Finally, Study 3 used the chronic self-construal of participants to predict the seating distance in dyadic settings. Results showed that greater independence of participants' self-construals was associated with greater spatial distance during the interaction. Together, the studies provide clear evidence that self-construal activation automatically influences interpersonal behavior as reflected in the actual distance between the self and others. Results are discussed in terms of the functions and motives connected to self-construals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 · Cited by 5,758
Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596 · Cited by 5,157
The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time
Brewer, M. B. (1991) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167291175001 · Cited by 5,107
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.
Triandis, H. C. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506 · Cited by 5,019
Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations.
Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 · Cited by 3,401 · cited 3×
“…perspective’’ (Sedikides et al., 2003) has recently been challenged by the notion that despite differences in chronic self-construal, individuals sometimes construe their selves as socially embedded and at other times as relatively isolated, depending on the context (e.g., Brewer & Gardner, 1996).”
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230 · Cited by 2,736
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.3.464 · Cited by 897
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885
Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self
(2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315783024 · Cited by 810
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- Bargh J.A., 1990, Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, 2, 93
- 10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1014 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0147-1767(84)90039-7 · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(84)90039-7
- 10.1080/00207597108246684 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.124 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.124 · Paper page
- 10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0065-2601(01)80003-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.239 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/1467-9280.00162 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1024//0044-3514.31.1.44 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.293 · DOI · Paper page
- Hofstede G., 1980, Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values
- Ip G.W.M., 1995, Asian Journal of Psychology, 1, 29
- Kahn A., 1977, Social Psychology Quarterly, 40, 138
- Krauth J., 1973, Die Konfigurationsfrequenzanalyse (KFA) und ihre Anwendung in Psychologie und Medizin
- 10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.397 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.397 · Paper page
- 10.1037/h0026381 · DOI
- 10.1521/soco.1998.16.4.400 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 · DOI · Paper page
- Markus H.R., 1997, The conceptual self in context, 13
- 10.1111/1467-839X.00042 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002202217783008 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.110 · DOI · Paper page
- Salewski C., 1993, Gruppendynamik, 24, 5
- 10.1080/03637757709390141 · DOI
- 10.1177/0146167294205014 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.766 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.766 · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.66 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022022197281007 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.649 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1093 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1344 · DOI
- 10.1515/9783111323190 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00070 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/0146167298244003 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018938 · Cited by 1,160
The What, How, Why, and Where of Self-Construal
Cross, S. E., Hardin, E. E., & Gercek-Swing, B. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310373752 · Cited by 800
The Social Modulation of Pain: Others as Predictive Signals of Salience – a Systematic Review
Krahé, C., Springer, A., Weinman, J. A., & Fotopoulou, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00386 · Cited by 245
The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation
Stephan, E., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Zhou, X., He, W., Routledge, C., Cheung, W.-Y., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035673 · Cited by 204
Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A. M., & Holland, R. W. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205274892 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Holland, R. W., Roeder, U.-R., Rick B.van, B., Brandt, A. C., & Hannover, B.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 237-242
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2162060678
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Don't Stand So Close to Me: The Effects of Self-Construal on Interpersonal Closeness. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00658.x
- The paper
- Holland, R. W., Roeder, U.-R., Rick B.van, B., Brandt, A. C., & Hannover, B. (2004). Don't Stand So Close to Me: The Effects of Self-Construal on Interpersonal Closeness. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00658.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.