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Cited by 38Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAgricultural Engineering and MechanizationPostharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management

Top spoilage losses in maize silage sealed with plastic films with different permeabilities to oxygen

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Bernardes, T. F., Nussio, L. G., do Amaral, R. C.·2012·Grass and Forage Science
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00823.x
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Abstract

Abstract The quality of plastic films used for horizontal silos is important to limit losses in the upper silage layer. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of different plastic films in reducing the top losses in maize silage. The following treatments were evaluated: (i) coextruded polyethylene/polyamide oxygen barrier film (OB), (ii) polyethylene film (PE), (iii) polyvinyl chloride film (PVC), and (iv) coextruded PE/polyvinyl alcohol film (PVOH). These treatments differed according to oxygen permeability with values of 75, 722, 982 and 289 cm3 m−2 per 24 hour respectively. OB and PVOH films had better temperature and fermentation profiles than the more permeable films. The OB film was effective in reducing the dry‐matter (DM) losses during storage (82 g kg−1), and the PVOH film had an intermediate value of DM loss (101 g kg−1). PE and PVC films had higher losses (138 and 145 g kg−1 respectively). Oxygen permeability of the films promoted a positive correlation with DM losses (P < 0·05; r2 = 0·945). The results indicate that O2 permeability through the plastic film is a crucial factor for maintaining silage quality in the upper layer of the silo when it is perfectly sealed.

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  • The losses could reach 70% of the stored DM in the peripheral areas and near the sidewalls of the bunkers and are related to the depletion of the digestible carbohydrate and organic acid fractions, with the most digestible materials being used up first.

    “The losses could reach 70% of the stored DM in the peripheral areas and near the sidewalls of the bunkers and are related to the depletion of the digestible carbohydrate and organic acid fractions (Bolsen et al., 1993; Borreani et al., 2007; Bernardes et al., 2012), with the most digestible materials being used up first.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardes et al., 2012

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  • When the mold level in the silage was greater than 5 log10 cfu/g, the DM losses are greater than 20%.

    “Summarizing results for the relationship between DM losses and mold count in spoiling farm silages in the last decade (Borreani et al., 2007; Bernardes et al., 2012; Lättamäe et al., 2012; Borreani and Tabacco, 2012a, 2014; Lima et al., 2017), when the mold level in the silage was greater than 5 log10 cfu/g (i.e., mold becomes visible on the silage), the DM losses are greater than 20%.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardes et al., 2012

    The Results (Table 4; page not supplied) report mould counts averaging 3.39 log10 cfu/g and dry-matter losses of 82–145 g/kg. The paper relates losses to film oxygen permeability, but our copy does not address whether mould counts above 5 log10 cfu/g correspond to losses above 20%. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. ADESOGAN S O G A N A.T. (2009) Challenges of tropical silage production. In: Broderick G.A., Adesogan A.T., Bocher L.W., Bolsen K.K., Contreras-Govea F.E., Harrison J.H. and Muck R.E. (eds) Proceedings of XV International Silage Conference, Madison, USA, 2009, pp. 139-154.
  2. BERNARDES E R N A R D E S T.F., REIS E I S R.A., MIYAZAKI I Y A Z A K I M.K. and ROTH O T H A.P.T.P. (2009) Aerobic deterioration in corn silage covered with oxygen barrier film in stack silos. In: Broderick G.A., Adesogan A.T., Bocher L.W., Bolsen K.K., Contreras-Govea F.E., Harrison J.H. and Muck R.E. (eds) Proceedings of XV International Silage Conference, Madison, USA, 2009, pp. 215-216.
  3. T. F. Bernardes et al. Ó 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Grass and Forage Science, 67, 34-42 13652494, 2012, 1, · DOI
  4. FORRISTAL O R R I S T A L P.D. and O'KIELY I E L Y P. (2005) Update on technologies for producing and feeding silage. In: Park R.S. and Stronge M.D. (eds) Silage Production and Utilisation, Proceedings of XIV International Silage Conference, Belfast, Ireland, 2005, pp. 83-96. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
  5. MC C DONELL O N E L L E.E., KLINGERMAN L I N G E R M A N C.M., SCHMIDT C H M I D T R.J., HU U W. and KUNG U N G L. JR R (2007) An evaluation of two methods to cover bunker silos to maintain the nutritive value of silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 180.
  6. MUCK U C K R.E. and HOLMES O L M E S B.J. (2009) Influence of cover type on silage quality in bunker silos. In: Broderick G.A., Adesogan A.T., Bocher L.W., Bolsen K.K., Contreras- Govea F.E., Harrison J.H. and Muck R.E. (eds) Proceedings of XV International Silage Conference, Madison, USA, 2009, pp. 277-278.
  7. PAILLAT A I L L A T J.M. and GAILLARD A I L L A R D F. (2001) Air-tightness of wrapped bales and resistance of polythene stretch film under tropical and temperate conditions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 79, 15-22.
  8. RICH I C H K., SCHOORL C H O O R L T., WIGLEY I G L E Y S. and WILKINSON I L K I N S O N J.M. (2009) Effect of an oxygen barrier film (''Silostop'') on composition and losses of organic matter from the upper layers of forage sorghum ensiled in large bunker silos. In: Broderick G.A., Adesogan A.T., Bocher L.W., Bolsen K.K., Contreras-Govea F.E., Harrison J.H. and Muck R.E. (eds) Proceedings of XV International Silage Conference, Madison, USA, 2009, pp. 305-306.
  9. SUMMERS U M M E R S J.W. (2005) Introduction. In: Wilkes C.E., Summers J.W. and Daniels C.A. (eds) PVC handbook, pp. 1-18. Munich: Hanser Publisher.
  10. WISNER I S N E R D., LEWIS E W I S J., KRAUSE R A U S E F. and KAMINSKI A M I N S K I R. (2005) PVC environmental, health, safety. In: Wilkes C.E., Summers J.W. and Daniels C.A. (eds) PVC handbook, pp. 639-678. Munich: Hanser Publisher.
  11. T. F. Bernardes et al. Ó 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Grass and Forage Science, 67, 34-42 13652494, 2012, 1, · DOI

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Authors
Bernardes, T. F., Nussio, L. G., & do Amaral, R. C.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal de Lavras (BR)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Corresponding author
Bernardes, T. F.
ORCID
Venue
Grass and Forage Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-09-06
Volume
67
Issue
1
Pages
34-42
ISSN
  • 0142-5242 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2494
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00823.x
OpenAlex
W1847639236
Cited by
38
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Grass and Forage Science (publishedVersion)
  • Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (publishedVersion)
Funders
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Keywords
corn silage, silage spoilage, oxygen permeability, oxygen barrier films, polyvinyl alcohol films, polyvinyl chloride film, dry matter loss, silage fermentation, silage temperature, horizontal silos

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