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Cited by 92Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAgricultural Engineering and MechanizationCrop Yield and Soil Fertility

A new oxygen barrier film reduces aerobic deterioration in farm-scale corn silage

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Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., Cavallarin, L.·2007·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.2007-0310
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Abstract

Recently, many studies have focused on the aerobic deterioration of corn silage at the farm level, because a large part of the product stored in horizontal silos is exposed to air and is more prone to spoilage. The most important factor influencing the preservation of forage ensiling is the degree of anaerobiosis that is usually achieved with sheets of polyethylene. A new black-on-white (125-microm) coextruded oxygen barrier (OB) film has been developed for silage sealing and was tested in the present experiment to assess the effects on fermentation quality, dry matter losses, and yeast and mold counts at opening of whole-crop corn bunker silos compared with conventional polyethylene (ST) film. Two trials were carried out on 2 commercial farms. The bunkers were divided into 2 parts along the length so that half of the feedout face would be covered with ST film and the other half with OB film. Eight plastic net bags with well-mixed fresh material were weighed and buried in the upper layer of the bunker, and 4 bags were buried in the central part. The silos were opened for summer consumption and were fed out at different rates (19 vs. 33 cm/d). The bags were unloaded, weighed, and subsampled to analyze the DM content, pH, lactic and monocarboxylic acids, ammonia, yeast and mold counts, and aerobic stability. The pH of the peripheral silage was different under the 2 films, with a lower value in the OB treatment. The OB film on farm 1 affected the silage dry matter losses, which were reduced 3.7 times in comparison with the ST film sealing. On farm 2, although the dry matter losses were numerically higher in the silage sealed with the ST film compared with OB film (9.0 vs. 5.9%, respectively), the difference was not statistically significant. However, the corn silage sealed with the ST film was less stable than the silage sealed with the OB film. The results indicate that the new OB film is a promising tool to constrain spoilage and dry matter losses under critical farm conditions, when inadequate amounts of silage are removed daily. The OB film further improved the stability of the corn silage in the peripheral areas of the silos even when a proper harvest-to-feedout management was implemented.

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  • When the mold level in the silage was greater than 5 log10 cfu/g, the DM losses are greater than 20%.

    “Summarizing results for the relationship between DM losses and mold count in spoiling farm silages in the last decade (Borreani et al., 2007; Bernardes et al., 2012; Lättamäe et al., 2012; Borreani and Tabacco, 2012a, 2014; Lima et al., 2017), when the mold level in the silage was greater than 5 log10 cfu/g (i.e., mold becomes visible on the silage), the DM losses are greater than 20%.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Borreani et al., 2007

  • The losses could reach 70% of the stored DM in the peripheral areas and near the sidewalls of the bunkers and are related to the depletion of the digestible carbohydrate and organic acid fractions, with the most digestible materials being used up first.

    “The losses could reach 70% of the stored DM in the peripheral areas and near the sidewalls of the bunkers and are related to the depletion of the digestible carbohydrate and organic acid fractions (Bolsen et al., 1993; Borreani et al., 2007; Bernardes et al., 2012), with the most digestible materials being used up first.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Borreani et al., 2007

  • Air can penetrate via the silage face up to distances of 4 m, especially in the periphery of the silo, during the feed-out phase.

    “In contrast to the surface losses occurring during storage, air exerts a stronger effect during the feed-out phase because exposure of the silage to oxygen is inevitable once the silo is opened, and air can penetrate via the silage face, up to distances of 4 m, especially in the periphery of the silo (Pahlow et al., 2003; Borreani et al., 2007; Vissers et al., 2007).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Borreani et al., 2007

  • In farm corn silages, DM losses in the 0.9-m layer immediately below the PE plastic film can exceed 30% of the original ensiled crop, especially in the summer season.

    “In farm corn silages, DM losses in the 0.9-m layer immediately below the PE plastic film can exceed 30% of the original ensiled crop, especially in the summer season (Borreani et al., 2007; Holmes and Bolsen, 2009).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Borreani et al., 2007

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Authors
Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., & Cavallarin, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Turin (IT)
  • National Research Council (IT)
Corresponding author
Borreani, G.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2007-10
Volume
90
Issue
10
Pages
4701-4706
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.2007-0310
OpenAlex
W2038448844
Semantic Scholar
3794cac69ccb3088ae6c3c9f616cd19aaf037bb0
Cited by
92
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
FWCI
6.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Regione Piemonte
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Keywords
oxygen barrier films, corn silage, aerobic stability, silage spoilage, bunker silos, polyethylene film, dry matter loss, fermentation quality, yeast and mold counts, forage ensiling, anaerobic conditions, silage pH
MeSH terms
Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry, Zea mays, Fermentation, Food Handling, Fungi, Lactobacillus, Oxygen, Plastics, Silage, Time Factors, Yeasts, Polyethylene

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