Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders
Open accessAbstract
Language impairment is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The origin of the deficit is poorly understood although deficiencies in auditory processing have been detected in both perception and cortical encoding of speech sounds. Little is known about the processing and transcription of speech sounds at earlier (brainstem) levels or about how background noise may impact this transcription process. Unlike cortical encoding of sounds, brainstem representation preserves stimulus features with a degree of fidelity that enables a direct link between acoustic components of the speech syllable (e.g. onsets) to specific aspects of neural encoding (e.g. waves V and A). We measured brainstem responses to the syllable /da/, in quiet and background noise, in children with and without ASD. Children with ASD exhibited deficits in both the neural synchrony (timing) and phase locking (frequency encoding) of speech sounds, despite normal click-evoked brainstem responses. They also exhibited reduced magnitude and fidelity of speech-evoked responses and inordinate degradation of responses by background noise in comparison to typically developing controls. Neural synchrony in noise was significantly related to measures of core and receptive language ability. These data support the idea that abnormalities in the brainstem processing of speech contribute to the language impairment in ASD. Because it is both passively elicited and malleable, the speech-evoked brainstem response may serve as a clinical tool to assess auditory processing as well as the effects of auditory training in the ASD population.
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Individuals with ASD show atypical patterns of brainstem activity in response to complex stimuli compared with simple stimuli.
“even at the level of the brainstem, individuals with ASD show atypical patterns of activity in response to complex stimuli when compared with simple stimuli (Russo et al., 2009; Russo et al., 2008)”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Russo et al., 2009
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Russo, N., Nicol, T., Trommer, B., Zecker, S., & Kraus, N.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraus, Nina
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 557-567
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7687
- PMC
- PMC2718770
- OpenAlex
- W2121243300
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01-DC01510, R01DC001510)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, auditory processing, neuronal synchronization, phase locking, background noise, language impairment, children, auditory training
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Brain Stem, Child, Female, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Male, Phonetics, Speech, Speech Perception
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