Cited by 1,945Obesity, Physical Activity, DietBody Composition Measurement TechniquesReliability and Agreement in Measurement

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A comparison of direct vs. self‐report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systematic review

Gorber, S. Connor, Tremblay, M., Moher, D., Gorber, B.·2007·Obesity Reviews

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00347.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Summary: Obesity is a rapidly increasing public health problem, with surveillance most often based on self‐reported values of height and weight. We conducted a systematic review to determine what empirical evidence exists regarding the agreement between objective (measured) and subjective (reported) measures in assessing height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Five electronic databases were searched to identify observational and experimental studies on adult populations over the age of 18. Searching identified 64 citations that met the eligibility criteria and examined the relationship between self‐reported and directly measured height or weight. Overall, the data show trends of under‐reporting for weight and BMI and over‐reporting for height, although the degree of the trend varies for men and women and the characteristics of the population being examined. Standard deviations were large indicating that there is a great deal of individual variability in reporting of results. Combining the results quantitatively was not possible because of the poor reporting of outcomes of interest. Accurate estimation of these variables is important as data from population studies such as those included in this review are often used to generate regional and national estimates of overweight and obesity and are in turn used by decision makers to allocate resources and set priorities in health.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00347.x

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions.
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907
Approaches to Social Research
Dowdall, G. W., Singleton, R. A., Straits, B. C., Straits, M. N., & McAllister, R. J. (1989) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1317936 · Cited by 2,821
Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC–Oxford participants
Spencer, E. A., Appleby, P. N., Davey, G. K., & Key, T. J. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2001322 · Cited by 1,082
Self-reported weight and height
Rowland, M. (1990) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.6.1125 · Cited by 994
Effects of Age on Validity of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index
KUCZMARSKI, M. F., KUCZMARSKI, R. J., & NAJJAR, M. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00008-6 · Cited by 965
The Economic Costs Associated With Physical Inactivity and Obesity in Canada: An Update
Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Janssen, I. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h04-008 · Cited by 643
COMPARISON OF SELF-REPORTED AND MEASURED HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
Palta, M., Prineas, R. J., Berman, R., & Hannan, P. J. (1982) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113294 · Cited by 641
The accuracy of self-reported weights
Stunkard, A. J., & Albaum, J. (1981) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.8.1593 · Cited by 624

Show all 80 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Tjepkema M, 2005, Measured Obesity. Adult Obesity in Canada: Measured Height and Weight. Nutrition: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey.
Shields M, 2005, Measured Obesity. Overweight Canadian Children and Adolescents. Nutrition: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey.
Adlaf EM, 1994, A Comparison of Telephone and Personal Interview Surveys for Estimating Alcohol and Other Drug Use
St‐Pierre M, 2004, Mode effects in the Canadian Community Health Survey: A comparison of CAPI and CATI. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Meeting: Survey Research Methods.
10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199811)24:3<267::aid-eat4>3.0.co;2-k · DOI
Kuskowska‐Wolk A, 1992, Relationship between questionnaire data and medical records of height, weight and body mass index, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, 1
10.1002/1098-108x(200101)29:1<59::aid-eat9>3.0.co;2-# · DOI
Quiles IJ, 1996, [Validity of notified anthropometric data for determining the prevalence of obesity]. [Spanish], Med Clinica, 106, 725
Brunet MEI, 2003, Development and validation of the Screening Test for at Risk Individuals for Eating Disorders (STARVED), Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 63, 2804

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,003

Canadian Health Measures Survey
Tremblay, M. S., & Gorber, S. C. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405437 · Cited by 165
Self-citation
A review
Cohen, S. S., Weber, R. P., Nyante, S. J., Koralek, D. O., Kim, S., Bradshaw, P. T., & Olshan, A. F. (2008) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23408 · Cited by 168
Running to the Store? The relationship between neighborhood environments and the risk of obesity
Zick, C. D., Smith, K. R., Fan, J. X., Brown, B. B., Yamada, I., & Kowaleski‐Jones, L. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.032 · Cited by 166
Association of Exposure to Artificial Light at Night While Sleeping With Risk of Obesity in Women
Park, Y., White, A. J., Jackson, C. L., Weinberg, C. R., & Sandler, D. P. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0571 · Cited by 164
Obesity Is Associated With Inferior Results After Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Knutsson, B., Michaëlsson, K., & Sandén, B. (2012) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e318270b243 · Cited by 165
Depressive and anxiety disorders and the association with obesity, physical, and social activities
de Wit, L. M., Fokkema, M., van Straten, A., Lamers, F., Cuijpers, P. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20738 · Cited by 173
Obesity and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Anderson, L. N., Yoshida‐Montezuma, Y., Dewart, N., Jalil, E., Khattar, J., De Rubeis, V., Carsley, S., Griffith, L. E., & Mbuagbaw, L. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13550 · Cited by 158
Associations between the built environment and dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity: A scoping review of reviews
Dixon, B. N., Ugwoaba, U. A., Brockmann, A. N., & Ross, K. M. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13171 · Cited by 159
Sedentary behaviour and obesity.
Shields, M. E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 160
Self-citation
Prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil en España en 2012
Sánchez‐Cruz, J., Jiménez‐Moleón, J. J., Fernández-Quesada, F., & Sánchez, M. (2013) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2012.10.016 · Cited by 159
“23,8 (66) 11,9 (33) 22,0 (61) 7,6 (21) 7,9 (22) 11,2 (31)”
The Influence of Social Desirability on Sexual Behavior Surveys: A Review
King, B. M. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02197-0 · Cited by 158
Measuring the accuracy of self-reported height and weight in a community-based sample of young people
Bowring, A. L., Peeters, A., Freak‐Poli, R., Lim, M. S. C., Gouillou, M., & Hellard, M. E. (2012) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-175 · Cited by 153
“It is commonly found that weight is underestimated while height is often overestimated [3-8], leading to underestimation of BMI [5,7,8].”
Background
Active Travel to Work and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the United Kingdom
Laverty, A. A., Mindell, J. S., Webb, E. A., & Millett, C. J. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.04.012 · Cited by 151
Prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity in older adults from 10 European countries from 2005 to 2013
Peralta, M., Ramos, M., Lipert, A., Martins, J., & Marques, A. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494818764810 · Cited by 151
“second, whereas the BMI classification system possesses important utility in studying population health, it is not without its limitations [37].”
Correlates of regular exercise during pregnancy: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Owe, K. M., Nystad, W., & Bø, K. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00840.x · Cited by 150
“Considering that self-reported weight tends to be underestimated, especially in overweight individuals (Gorber et al., 2007), this is an alarming observation.”
Background
Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: Results of the JAGES
Tani, Y., Kondo, N., Takagi, D., Saito, M., Hikichi, H., Ojima, T., & Kondo, K. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.005 · Cited by 150
Accuracy and reliability of self-reported weight and height in the Sister Study
Lin, C. J., DeRoo, L. A., Jacobs, S. R., & Sandler, D. P. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011003193 · Cited by 146
“under-report their weight and the underweight tend to over-report((4,5)).”
Background
A weight-gain-for-gestational-age z score chart for the assessment of maternal weight gain in pregnancy
Hutcheon, J. A., Platt, R. W., Abrams, B. F., Himes, K. P., Simhan, H. N., & Bodnar, L. M. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051706 · Cited by 145
“It is well documented that women of childbearing age systematically underestimate their weight on self-report (27), so the mean gestational age–specific weight gains presented herein may overestimate true pregnancy weight gain (ie, the observed weight gain reflects the true total weight gain plus the amount of underre…”
Background
Excessive Early Gestational Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women
Carreno, C. A., Clifton, R. G., Hauth, J. C., Myatt, L., Roberts, J. M., Spong, C. Y., Varner, M. W., Thorp, J. M., Mercer, B. M., Peaceman, A. M., et al. (2012) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e318256cf1a · Cited by 144
“Also, the use of self-reported pre-pregnancy weight to determine GWG could result in under or overestimating the associations found in this study(19).”
Change in commute mode and body-mass index: prospective, longitudinal evidence from UK Biobank
Flint, E., Webb, E. A., & Cummins, S. (2016) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(16)30006-8 · Cited by 143
Comparisons of Self‐Reported and Measured Height and Weight, BMI, and Obesity Prevalence from National Surveys: 1999‐2016
Flegal, K. M., Ogden, C. L., Fryar, C. D., Afful, J., Klein, R., & Huang, D. T. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22591 · Cited by 140
“Age group and obesity status were included in the models as predictor variables because previous research has shown that misreporting varies by age (between older and younger/middle aged adults) and obesity status (1,2,4,8).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Quantitative relationship between body weight gain in adulthood and incident type 2 diabetes: a meta‐analysis
Kodama, S., Horikawa, C., Fujihara, K., Yoshizawa, S. M., Yachi, Y., Tanaka, S., Ohara, N., Matsunaga, S., Yamada, T., Hanyu, O., et al. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12129 · Cited by 149
“Similarly, underestimation of BW by overweight or obese persons (57) might distort the association between BW gain and T2DM risk, although the stratified analysis indicated no statistically significant evidence that the method for collecting BW information modified the strength of the association.”
Maternal Weight Gain in Women Who Develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gibson, K. S., Waters, T. P., & Catalano, P. M. (2012) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31824758e0 · Cited by 141
Observed sex differences in fast-food consumption and nutrition self-assessments and beliefs of college students
Morse, K. L., & Driskell, J. A. (2009) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.02.004 · Cited by 141
“Individuals also frequently under-report their weights and over-report their heights [32].”
Background
Body mass index correlates negatively with white matter integrity in the fornix and corpus callosum: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Xu, J., Yang, L., Lin, H., Sinha, R., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21491 · Cited by 138
“Participants in other studies tended to over-report height and under-report weight [Gorber et al., 2007; Griebeler et al., 2011; Hill and Roberts., 1998].”
Result
The Effect of Education on Health and Mortality: A Review of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence
Galama, T. J., Lleras‐Muney, A., & van Kippersluis, H. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.7 · Cited by 140
The feasibility of establishing correction factors to adjust self-reported estimates of obesity.
Gorber, S. C., Shields, M. E., Tremblay, M. S., & McDowell, I. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 137
Self-citation
Correlates of appearance and weight satisfaction in a U.S. National Sample: Personality, attachment style, television viewing, self-esteem, and life satisfaction
Frederick, D. A., Sandhu, G., Morse, P. J., & Swami, V. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.001 · Cited by 136
German version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Prevalence and correlates of ‘food addiction’ in students and obese individuals
Meule, A., Müller, A., Gearhardt, A. N., & Jens Blechert, A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.003 · Cited by 136
Migraine and Obesity: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Implications
Peterlin, B. L., Rapoport, A. M., & Kurth, T. (2009) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01554.x · Cited by 135
“and underestimate their weight when self-reporting, including migraineurs.(20,21) This can lead to nondifferential misclassification in prospectively col-”
Background
Genome-wide analysis of BMI in adolescents and young adults reveals additional insight into the effects of genetic loci over the life course
Graff, M., Ngwa, J. S., Workalemahu, T., Homuth, G., Schipf, S., Teumer, A., Völzke, H., Wallaschofski, H., Abecasis, G. R., Lakatta, E. G., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt205 · Cited by 139
Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts
Chen, D., Jaenicke, E. C., & Volpe, R. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303048 · Cited by 135
Body mass index, effect modifiers, and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled study of seven prospective cohorts
Jiao, L., de González, A. B., Hartge, P. A., Pfeiffer, R. M., Park, Y., Freedman, D. M., Gail, M. H., Alavanja, M. C. R., Albanes, D., Freeman, L. E. B., et al. (2010) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9558-x · Cited by 137
“As BMI was calculated based mostly on self-reported information, the potential measurement error might have led to an inaccurate relative risk estimate [49].”
Method
Trends in overweight and obesity over 22 years in a large adult population: the HUNT Study, N orway
Midthjell, K., Lee, C., Langhammer, A., Krokstad, S., Holmen, T. L., Hveem, K., Colagiuri, S., & Holmen, J. (2013) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12009 · Cited by 134
“Selfreport has been shown to overestimate height and underestimate weight (especially in women), both resulting in lower than actual BMI (51,52), although the degree of underestimation varies (53).”
Background
Comparison of self-reported and measured height and weight: Implications for obesity research among young adults
Danubio, M. E., Miranda, G., Vinciguerra, G., Vecchi, E., & Rufo, F. (2007) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2007.04.002 · Cited by 133
The Association of Television Viewing with Snacking Behavior and Body Weight of Young Adults
Thomson, M. D., Spence, J. C., Raine, K. D., & Laing, L. (2008) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.22.5.329 · Cited by 133
“In comparison with objective measures, people tend to underreport weight and BMI and overreport height.(54) However,”
Background
National, State, And Local Disparities In Childhood Obesity
Bethell, C. D., Simpson, L. A., Stumbo, S. P., Carle, A. C., & Gombojav, N. (2010) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0762 · Cited by 132
Cross-national differences in grip strength among 50+ year-old Europeans: results from the SHARE study
Andersen‐Ranberg, K., Petersen, I., Frederiksen, H., Mackenbach, J. P., & Christensen, K. (2009) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-009-0128-6 · Cited by 132
“According to a recent review on height and weight validation studies in the general population, there is an under-reporting of overweight, while height is over-reported (Gorber et al. 2007).”
Background
Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: an update on correction equations for adults.
Shields, M. E., Gorber, S. C., Janssen, I., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 130
Self-citation
Young adult males’ motivators and perceived barriers towards eating healthily and being active: a qualitative study
Ashton, L., Hutchesson, M., Rollo, M. E., Morgan, P. J., Thompson, D. I., & Collins, C. E. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0257-6 · Cited by 149
“This suggests that there are either no differences in young male’s perspectives by BMI status, or could potentially be due to inaccurate selfreporting of weight status [32] and thus some participants could have been stratified into the wrong group.”
Background
Using health primes to reduce unhealthy snack purchases among overweight consumers in a grocery store
Papies, E. K., Potjes, I., Keesman, M., Schwinghammer, S. A., & van Koningsbruggen, G. M. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.136 · Cited by 129
Television viewing time is associated with overweight/obesity among older adults, independent of meeting physical activity and health guidelines
Inoue, S., Sugiyama, T., Takamiya, T., Oka, K., Owen, N., & Shimomitsu, T. (2012) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20110054 · Cited by 128
More than just body weight: The role of body image in psychological and physical functioning
Wilson, R. E., Latner, J. D., & Hayashi, K. (2013) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.04.007 · Cited by 125
Psychosocial stressor effects on cortisol and ghrelin in emotional and non-emotional eaters: Influence of anger and shame
Raspopow, K., Abizaid, A. B., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.003 · Cited by 130
“In a similar vein, BMI was measured through self-report, which was shown to provide a conservative estimate of actual weight (Gorber et al., 2007).”
Dietary Restriction Behaviors and Binge Eating in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: Trans-diagnostic Examination of the Restraint Model
Elran‐Barak, R., Sztainer, M., Goldschmidt, A. B., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., Hill, L. L., Crosby, R. D., Powers, P. S., Mitchell, J. E., & Grange, D. L. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.05.012 · Cited by 125
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in 35 447 adults and their association with body mass index
Pluart, D. L., Sabaté, J. M., Bouchoucha, M. L., Herçberg, S., Benamouzig, R., & Julia, C. (2015) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13143 · Cited by 124
“between adiposity and health, all the more if the variable is used as a continuous variable.(66) Moreover, results from the Nutrinet-Sant e study confirmed the validity of selfreported data against measured data.”
Result
Gaining weight through retirement? Results from the SHARE survey
Godard, M. (2015) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.11.002 · Cited by 123
Maternal and Paternal Body Mass Index and Offspring Obesity: A Systematic Review
Patro-Gołąb, B., Liber, A., Zalewski, B., Poston, L., Szajewska, H., & Koletzko, B. V. (2013) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000350313 · Cited by 122
Validity of FitBit, Jawbone UP, Nike+ and other wearable devices for level and stair walking
Huang, Y., Xu, J., Yu, B., & Shull, P. B. (2016) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.025 · Cited by 129
“Previous research has shown that when self-reporting (as done in this study) subjects tend to slightly under-report weight and over-report height, though this tendency is more pronounced in overweight individuals [29,30].”
Result
Flexibility Training and Functional Ability in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Stathokostas, L., Little, R. M. D., Vandervoort, A. A., & Paterson, D. H. (2012) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2012/306818 · Cited by 143
Prevalence and patterns of morbidity among adults in Germany
Fuchs, J., Busch, M. A., Lange, C., & Scheidt‐Nave, C. (2012) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-012-1464-9 · Cited by 119
Body mass index as a predictor of healthy and disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multicohort study
Stenholm, S., Head, J. A., Aalto, V., Mika Kivimaki, B., Kawachi, I. I., Zins, M., Goldberg, M., Platts, L. G., Zaninotto, P., Hanson, L. L. M., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.29 · Cited by 118
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and obesity: A pooled analysis from the InterLymph Consortium
Willett, E. V., Morton, L. M., Hartge, P. A., Becker, N., Bernstein, L., Boffetta, P., Bracci, P. M., Cerhan, J. R., Chiu, B. C. ‐., Cocco, P., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23344 · Cited by 118
“Self-reports of anthropometric information is known to be inexact, with height tending to be overestimated and weight underestimated.(52) The nature of individual misreporting is likely to be complex, being related not only to their actual size but also to other factors such as age and sex.”
Background
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort
Agnoli, C., Sieri, S., Ricceri, F., Giraudo, M. T., Masala, G., Assedi, M., Panico, S., Mattiello, A., Tumino, R., Giurdanella, M. C., et al. (2018) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-018-0023-3 · Cited by 119
Self-rated health and life satisfaction among Canadian adults: associations of perceived weight status versus BMI
Herman, K. M., Hopman, W. M., & Rosenberg, M. W. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0394-9 · Cited by 124
Periodontal complications with obesity
Suvan, J. E., Finer, N., & D’Aiuto, F. (2018) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12239 · Cited by 122
State and Local Chronic Disease Surveillance Using Electronic Health Record Systems
Klompas, M., Cocoros, N. M., Menchaca, J. T., Erani, D., Hafer, E., Herrick, B., Josephson, M., Lee, M., Weiss, M. D. P., Zambarano, B., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303874 · Cited by 115
Validity of self-reported body mass index among middle-aged participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study
Skeie, G., Borch, K. B., Mode, N. A., & Henningsen, M. (2015) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s83839 · Cited by 114
“It might change over time and as social and cultural norms about the phenomenon changes.(1) To the best of our knowledge, the validity of self-reported height and weight has not been described in a Norwegian population.”
Influential
Practitioner Advice and Gestational Weight Gain
Phelan, S., PHIPPS, M. G., Abrams, B. F., Darroch, F., Schaffner, A. A., & Wing, R. R. (2011) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2316 · Cited by 113
“Prepregnancy weight was based on self-report, which may have led us to misclassify some overweight = obese women as normal weight, 36 but we were able to validate the recalled pre-pregnancy weights against objectively measured weights before pregnancy for approximately half of our sample.”
Prevalence of Child and Youth Obesity in Spain in 2012
Sánchez‐Cruz, J., Jiménez‐Moleón, J. J., Fernández-Quesada, F., & Sánchez, M. (2013) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2012.10.012 · Cited by 111
Impact of changes in mode of travel to work on changes in body mass index: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
Martin, A., Panter, J., Suhrcke, M., & Ogilvie, D. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205211 · Cited by 110
Body Mass Index, Diabetes and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Risk: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project and Meta-analysis
Petrick, J. L., Thistle, J. E., Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte, A., Zhang, X., Wactawski‐Wende, J., Dyke, A. L. V., Stampfer, M. J., Sinha, R. R., Sesso, H. D., Schairer, C., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0207-4 · Cited by 112
Eating habits, health attitudes and obesity indices among medical students in northern Greece
Chourdakis, M., Tzellos, T., Papazisis, G., Toulis, K. A., & Kouvelas, D. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.08.013 · Cited by 109
Episodic migraine and obesity and the influence of age, race, and sex
Peterlin, B. L., Rosso, A. L., Williams, M. A., Rosenberg, J. D., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Merikangas, K. R., Gottesman, R. F., Bond, D. S., He, J.-P., & Zonderman, A. B. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a824f7 · Cited by 108
“For example, previous research has demonstrated that participants underestimate their weight (and thus their BMI) when self-reported.(31,32) Misclassification of BMI, unrelated to migraine status, would thus have biased ORs toward no association.”
Result
Body image satisfaction and weight concerns among a Mediterranean adult population
Bibiloni, M. D. M., Coll, J. L., Solé, J. P., Pons, A., & Tur, J. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3919-7 · Cited by 115
“weight and overestimate their height [15], and artificially lower their risk factor profile which may have negative health outcome implications.”
Background
Job Stress and Work Schedules in Relation to Nurse Obesity
Han, K., Trinkoff, A. M., Storr, C. L., & Geiger-Brown, J. M. (2011) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e3182346fff · Cited by 108
“Although body weight is often selfreported in large epidemiologic studies, respondents tend to underreport their weight.(45) Because of this concern about inaccurate self-reported body weight data, plus the sensitivity of weight data in females, the NWHS measured weight using a categorical variable.”
Background
Retail food environments research in Canada: A scoping review
Minaker, L. M., Shuh, A., Olstad, D. L., Engler‐Stringer, R., Black, J., & Mah, C. L. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.107.5344 · Cited by 106
A systematic review of interventions to foster physician resilience
Fox, S., Lydon, S., Byrne, D., Madden, C., Connolly, F., & O'Connor, P. E. (2017) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135212 · Cited by 111
Use of self-reported height and weight biases the body mass index–mortality association
Keith, S. W., Fontaine, K. R., Pajewski, N. M., Mehta, T. S., & Allison, D. B. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.148 · Cited by 107
Examining binge-eating disorder and food addiction in adults with overweight and obesity
Ivezaj, V., White, M. A., & Grilo, C. M. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21607 · Cited by 104
Gender differences in weight status, dietary habits, and health attitudes among college students in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study
Alkazemi, D. U. Z. (2018) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/0260106018817410 · Cited by 114
“Connor Gorber et al. (2007) and Binkley et al. (2009) showed that among college students in the US, female students had significantly higher actual BMI scores compared to their self-reported BMI scores.”
Result
Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in 12 European Countries in 2017–2018
Stival, C., Lugo, A., Odone, A., van den Brandt, P. A., Fernández, E., Tigova, O., Soriano, J. B., López, M. J., Scaglioni, S., Gallus, S., et al. (2022) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000525792 · Cited by 104
Early Life Course Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity: The IDEFICS Case-Control Study
Bammann, K., Peplies, J., Henauw, S. D., Hunsberger, M. L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., Tornaritis, M. J., Veidebaum, T., Ahrens, W., & Siani, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086914 · Cited by 103
“Self-reported BMI is known to underestimate the true BMI, especially in the obese [43].”
Background
Trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District from 2006 to 2012
Malta, D. C., Andrade, S. C. D. A., Claro, R. M., Bernal, R. T. I., & Monteiro, C. A. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1809-4503201400050021 · Cited by 102
Identifying Bias in Self-Reported Pro-Environmental Behavior
Koller, K., Pankowska, P., & Brick, C. (2022) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100087 · Cited by 133
A cross-sectional analysis of patterns of obesity in a cohort of working nurses and midwives in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom
Bogossian, F. E., Hepworth, J., Leong, G. M., Flaws, D., GIBBONS, K. S., Benefer, C., & Turner, C. T. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.01.003 · Cited by 102
Validity of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey Questionnaire
Bae, J., Joung, H., Kim, J.-Y., Kwon, K. N., Kim, Y., & Park, S.-W. (2010) · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.396 · Cited by 102
“Although self-reported height and weight have been used for the assessment of overweight and obesity for reasons of low cost or convenience, previous studies have demonstrated that the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity derived from self-reported data are likely to be underestimated among both adolescents…”
BackgroundMethod
Body mass index and common mental disorders: exploring the shape of the association and its moderation by age, gender and education
McCrea, R. L., Berger, Y. G., & King, M. B. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.65 · Cited by 101
Body image and face image in Asian American and white women: Examining associations with surveillance, construal of self, perfectionism, and sociocultural pressures
Frederick, D. A., Kelly, M. C., Latner, J. D., Sandhu, G., & Tsong, Y. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.12.002 · Cited by 115
Disentangling orthorexia nervosa from healthy eating and other eating disorder symptoms: Relationships with clinical impairment, comorbidity, and self-reported food choices
Zickgraf, H. F., Ellis, J. M., & Essayli, J. H. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.006 · Cited by 101
“…fruit and vegetable intake, and to the currently unmeasured extent that orthorexic traits may systematically relate to individual differences in these response tendencies, this would limit interpretation of the results (Gorber, Tremblay, Moher, & Gorber, 2007; Marks, Hughes, & van der Pols, 2006).”
Result
Accuracy of Child and Adolescent Weight Perceptions and Their Relationships to Dieting and Exercise Behaviors: A NHANES Study
Chung, A. E., Perrin, E. M., & Skinner, A. C. (2013) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.04.011 · Cited by 101
The obesity epidemic and changes in self‐report biases in BMI
Hattori, A., & Sturm, R. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20313 · Cited by 100
“Social desirability bias and recall error are wellknown reasons for measurement error (2-4).”
Background
How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis
Kirkegaard, H., Støvring, H., Rasmussen, K. M., Abrams, B. F., Sørensen, T. I. A., & Nohr, E. A. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.067405 · Cited by 100
“High 12,383 (53) 493 (48) 9114 (56) 2136 (46) 640 (36) —”
Obesity and Physical Activity Among Aboriginal Canadians
Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.51 · Cited by 99
“Given the limitations associated with self-reported health data (19, 20), the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of measured obesity among Aboriginal Canadians and compare them to general population estimates.”
Result
Relationship between Food Insecurity and Mortality among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in British Columbia, Canada
Anema, A., Chan, K., Chen, Y., Weiser, S. D., Montaner, J. S. G., & Hogg, R. S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061277 · Cited by 97
Agreement between self-reported and measured weight and height collected in general practice patients: a prospective study
Yoong, S. L., Carey, M. L., D’Este, C. A., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-38 · Cited by 100
“2 cm in females) in the general population [8].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The Unequal Burden of Weight Gain: An Intersectional Approach to Understanding Social Disparities in BMI Trajectories from 1986 to 2001/2002
Ailshire, J., & House, J. S. (2011) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sor001 · Cited by 103
The Bias in Self‐reported Obesity From 1976 to 2005: A Canada–US Comparison
Gorber, S. C., & Tremblay, M. S. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.206 · Cited by 98
“Research has found, however, that self-reports overestimate height and underestimate weight, which leads to an underestimation of the BMI and consequently of obesity prevalence (7,8).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
The influence of overweight and insulin resistance on breast cancer risk and tumour stage at diagnosis: a prospective study
Cust, A. E., Stocks, T., Lukanova, A., Lundin, E., Hallmans, G., Kaaks, R., Jönsson, H., & Stattin, P. E. (2008) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-008-9958-8 · Cited by 98
Food addiction and bulimia nervosa: New data based on the yale food addiction scale 2.0
de Vries, S., & Meule, A. (2016) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2470 · Cited by 97
Validity of Self-reported Weights Following Bariatric Surgery
Christian, N. J., King, W. C., Yanovski, S. Z., Courcoulas, A. P., & Belle, S. H. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281043 · Cited by 97
“Annually, participants were asked to report on mailed questionnaires 2 postoperative weights and the dates that those weights were measured: (1) weight from last medical office or weight loss program visit (self-reported medical weight) and (2) last self-weight (self-reported personal weight).”
Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life
Sloan, R. A., Sawada, S. S., Martin, C. K., Church, T. R., & Blair, S. N. (2009) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-47 · Cited by 97
“It has also been found that self-report methods of BMI are influenced by under reporting for weight and over reporting for height [16].”
Age standardization in mapping adult overweight and obesity trends in the WHO European Region
Doak, C. M., Wijnhoven, T. M. A., Schokker, D. F., Visscher, T. L. S., & Seidell, J. C. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00943.x · Cited by 96
Association between dietary scores and 13-year weight change and obesity risk in a French prospective cohort
Lassale, C. M., Fezeu, L., Andreeva, V. A., Herçberg, S., Kengne, A. P., Czernichow, S., & Kesse‐Guyot, E. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.264 · Cited by 96
Parenthood and trajectories of change in body weight over the life course
Umberson, D., Liu, H., Mirowsky, J., & Reczek, C. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.014 · Cited by 107
Outdoor advertising, obesity, and soda consumption: a cross-sectional study
Lesser, L. I., Zimmerman, F. J., & Cohen, D. A. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-20 · Cited by 93
“BMI data are likely under-reported by about 1 unit (kg/m(2)) [38], which could have shifted the BMI distribution in our study downward.”
Background
Weight discrimination, anticipated weight stigma, and disordered eating.
Hunger, J. M., Dodd, D. R., & Smith, A. R. (2020) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101383 · Cited by 102
Increase of chronic low back pain prevalence in a medium-sized city of southern Brazil
Meucci, R. D., Fassa, A. G., Paniz, V. M., da Silva, M. C., & Wegman, D. H. (2013) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-155 · Cited by 95
“By the crude analysis, gender, age, education, smoking, BMI, repetitiveness, weight lifting/loading and forced/awkward position were all associated with CLBP. ‘Being female’ (PRR 1.76), ‘smoker’ (PRR 1.48) and ‘married’ (PRR 1.31) represented risk factors for CLBP. Increasing ‘Age’ and ‘BMI’ were linear positive assoc…”
Influential
Stress, shift duty, and eating behavior among nurses in Central Saudi Arabia
Almajwal, A. M. (2016) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2016.2.13060 · Cited by 105
How reliable are self-assessments using mobile technology in healthcare? The effects of technology identity and self-efficacy
Reychav, I., Beeri, R., Balapour, A., Raban, D. R., Sabherwal, R., & Azuri, J. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.024 · Cited by 101

Authors: Gorber, S. C., Tremblay, M., Moher, D., & Gorber, B.
Affiliations: Statistics Canada (CA)
University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Gorber, S. Connor
ORCID: Gorber, S. Connor
Tremblay, M.
Moher, D.
Venue: Obesity Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2007-01-26
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: 307-326
ISSN: 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
1467-789X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00347.x
OpenAlex: W2011137594
Cited by: 1,945
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 145 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 127
FWCI: 11.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Keywords: self-reported height, self-reported weight, body mass index, obesity surveillance, measurement agreement, adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Height, Body Weight, Body Weights and Measures, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Self Disclosure, Reproducibility of Results, Body Mass Index, Sex Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A comparison of direct vs. self‐report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systematic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks