Adolescent-specific memory effects: evidence from working memory, immediate and long-term recognition memory performance in 8–30 yr olds
Open accessAbstract
Working memory and recognition memory develop across adolescence, but the relationship between them is not fully understood. We investigated associations between n-back task performance and subsequent recognition memory in a community sample (8–30 yr, n = 150) using tasks from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study) to cross-sectionally assess memory in an age range that will be sampled longitudinally. We added a 24-h delay condition to assess long-term recognition. Overall working memory, immediate and long-term recognition performance peaked in adolescence. Age effects in recognition memory varied by items (old targets, old distractors, and new items) and delay (0 and 24 h). For immediate recognition, accuracy was higher for targets and new items than for distractors, with accuracy for targets peaking in adulthood and accuracy for new items peaking during adolescence. For long-term recognition, adolescents’ accuracy was higher for targets than distractors, while adults showed similarly high accuracy for targets and distractors and children showed low accuracy for both. This pattern appeared to be specific to recognition of items from the high working memory load condition. The results suggest that working memory may facilitate long-term recognition of task-relevant over irrelevant items and may benefit the detection of new information during adolescence.
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One possible explanation is that updating ability matures later than span ability does, leaving greater room for updating-based training to benefit young individuals.
“One possible explanation is that updating ability matures later than span ability does, leaving greater room for updating-based training to benefit young individuals (Ahmed et al., 2022; Skalaban et al., 2022).”
From The asymmetry of working memory training transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Skalaban et al., 2022
The Results (Development of working memory; page unavailable) show that n-back performance peaks in the late teens and early twenties, supporting continued development of working memory in young people. The paper does not compare the maturation of updating and span abilities or test whether updating-based training benefits young people. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The asymmetry of working memory training transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fu, J., Zhou, Y., Yuan, M., & Cai, Y. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-026-02994-5
- Authors
- Skalaban, L. J., Cohen, A. O., Conley, M. I., Lin, Q., Schwartz, G. N., Ruiz-Huidobro, N. A. M., Cannonier, T., Martinez, S. A., & Casey, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Learning & Memory
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2022-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 223-233
- ISSN
- 1072-0502 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5485
- PMC
- PMC9374272
- OpenAlex
- W4293275327
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Learning & Memory (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation SBE Postdoctoral Research (U01 DA041174, 1714321)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- working memory, recognition memory, adolescence, n-back task, age differences in memory, memory development, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Cognition, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Recognition, Psychology, Memory, Long-Term
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