Cited by 1,595Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Emotion regulation and mental health

Gross, James J., Muñoz, Ricardo F.·1995·Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x

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Abstract

In this article, we argue that emotion regulation is an essential (and traditionally underemphasized) feature of mental health. To develop this idea, we first define the terms emotion, emotion regulation, and mental health. We then chart the development of emotion regulation and describe its role in various facets of normal functioning. Next, we consider what happens when emotion becomes dysregulated in a major depressive episode. We suggest that an emotion regulatory perspective integrates diverse theoretical views of depression and has implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of depression. We conclude by speculating about the role of emotion regulation in the broader context of public mental health.

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Communication modality matters: Co‐rumination via in‐person versus digital modalities has different prospective associations with depression and friendship quality
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“The ability to regulate emotions that arise from environmental changes and stressors is crucial for mental health (Gross & Muñoz, 1995).”
Background
Emotion Regulation Strategies and Mental Health in Dementia Caregivers: The Moderating Role of Gender
Bullard, B. M., Brown, C. L., Scheffer, J. A., Toledo, A. B., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2024) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000538398 · Cited by 6
“CR is generally viewed as bene ﬁ cial for mental health, while ES is often viewed as maladaptive [11].”
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Constructing a self-management competence model for EFL teachers: A perception-strategy evaluation
Najjarpour, M. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104592 · Cited by 12
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“Recognized for its importance in well-being and personal development (Cicchetti et al., 1995; Thompson, 1991), as well as in mental health (Gross & Muñoz, 1995), physical health (Sapolsky, 2007), and work performance (Diefendorff et al., 2000), emotion regulation has transitioned from being…”
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“According to Gross [95, 96], emotion regulation refers to the cognitive processes individuals use to modulate their emotional responses, which contributes to improved well-being [97], better mental health outcomes [98–100] and is essential for effective cognitive information processing [101].”
Paranoia and maladaptive behaviours in homelessness: The mediating role of emotion regulation
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Yurtta Kalan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme ile Öz-Şefkat Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
GÜN, S., Türkmen, O. O., & Yalçın, S. B. (2020) · Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.38151/akef.2020.2 · Cited by 6
Emotion Regulation Scale and Mindfulness Scale in School Aged Children: Construction and Validation of French Versions
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“Moreover, difficulties in emotion regulation have been shown to be implicated in the development of mental disorders [25, 28, 51].”
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Emotional processing difficulties scale-revised: preliminary psychometric study
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“…suggest that difficulties in the capacity to experience and differentiate the full range of emotions, and respond spontaneously, may be just as maladaptive as difficulties in the ability to modulate strong negative emotions (Cole et al., 1994; Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Paivio & Greenberg, 1998).”
Background
Group comparison of individuals with and without irritable bowel syndrome in terms of psychological and lifestyle-related factors
Selvi, K. (2022) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2022.00167 · Cited by 6
“While adaptive emotion regulation has been considered one of the protective factors against psychological problems, emotion regulation deficiency has been seen as a vulnerability factor in the psychology literature (25,26).”
Background
Similarities and differences in the induction and regulation of the negative emotions fear and disgust: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study
Greenfield, M. S., Wang, Y., & Msghina, M. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12836 · Cited by 8
“…Ran & Wang, 2014) and being the main target of various forms of psychological therapy methods (Bateman & Fonagy, 2010; Beck, 2005; Buhle, Silvers, Wager et al., 2014; Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Lynch, Trost, Salsman & Linehan, 2007; Renna, Quintero, Soffer et al., 2018; Rottenberg & Gross, 2007).”
Emotional States versus Mental Heart Rate Component Monitored via Wearables
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“The DERS represents a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, as disordered emotional regulation is common across eating disorder diagnoses [39, 40].”
Background
Emotion Regulation and Existential Meaning-Making in Young Women with Mental Ill-Health Concerns–A Qualitative Study
Lloyd, C. S. (2016) · Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal · doi:10.19080/pbsij.2016.01.555553 · Cited by 6
“Psychotherapy research shows that problems in emotion regulation are at the core of many different psychiatric disorders [23-25], and diagnostically, depression is widely conceptualized as a consequence of dysfunctional emotion regulation [26-28].”
Background
The Effect of Witnessing Marital Violence in Childhood on Dating Violence among College Students
Lee, J. Y., & Oh, K.-J. (2007) · The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology · doi:10.18205/kpa.2007.12.4.002 · Cited by 6
Study Protocol for the Preschooler Regulation of Emotional Stress (PRES) Procedure
Provenzi, L., Cassiano, R. G. M., di Minico, G. S., Linhares, M. B. M., & Montirosso, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01653 · Cited by 8
“The early development of adequate behavioral strategies of ESR is thought to be one of the major predictive factor of emotional (Eisenberg et al., 2010; Berking and Wupperman, 2012), cognitive (Compas et al.”
Background
Keyboard and Mouse: Tools in Identifying Emotions During Computer Activities
Estrada, J. E., Buhia, J., Guevarra, A., & Forcado, M. R. G. (2018) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98752-1_13 · Cited by 6
“Since it is natural for human beings to seek happiness, these feelings impact our overall being [1, 2].”
Background
Dysregulated Motherhood: Exploring the Risk Features in a Mother’s Caregiving Representations
Isosävi, S., Wahlström, J., Flykt, M. S., Heiskanen, L., Finger, B., Puura, K., & Punamäki, R. (2019) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2019.1568032 · Cited by 6
“The child’s secure attachment and regulatory abilities then promote lifetime mental health and the ability to respond sensitively to one’s own offspring (Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Schore, 2001; Van IJzendoorn, 1995).”
Background
The persistence of hedonically-based mood repair among young offspring at high- and low-risk for depression
Daches, S., Yaroslavsky, I., & Kovács, M. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1660622 · Cited by 6
“In turn, problems in repairing one’s sadness and dysphoria are associated with psychopathology and characterise individuals prone to, or actually suffering from depression (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Kring & Werner, 2004).”
Background
Measuring Mindfulness Grounded in the Original Buddha’s Discourses on Meditation Practice
Ng, S., & Wang, Q. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52140-0_15 · Cited by 5
To deny, to justify, or to apologize: Do social accounts influence stress levels in the aftermath of psychological contract breach?
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“For example, employees can be trained to use efficient coping mechanisms such as problem-focused approaches or to apply adequate cognitive reappraisal strategies that may protect them against stress [10, 23].”
Background
Maternal socioeconomic disadvantage, neural function during volitional emotion regulation, and parenting
Capistrano, C. G., Grande, L. A., McRae, K., Phan, K. L., & Kim, P. (2022) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2022.2082521 · Cited by 8
“…deficits in volitional emotion regulation have been related to greater vulnerability to affective disorders such as depression (Aker et al., 2014; Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Joormann & Gotlib, 2010), which can further impair a mother’s ability to appropriately care for her child (Matijasevich et al.,…”
Background
Trends in State Anxiety during the Full Lockdown in Italy: The Role Played by COVID-19 Risk Perception and Trait Emotional Intelligence
Tedaldi, E., Orabona, N., Hovnanyan, A., Rubaltelli, E., & Scrimin, S. (2022) · Trauma Care · doi:10.3390/traumacare2030034 · Cited by 6
“Emotion regulation refers to individuals’ capacities to attend to and appraise their own emotions and the means one chooses to regulate the intensity and duration of emotional states [13,14].”
Background
Emotion Expression on Social Networking Sites A Study of Young Persons’ Use of Facebook and Twitter in the UK
Yu, D. H., & Baptiste, S. J. (2016) · Proceedings of the ... annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology · doi:10.5176/2251-1865_cbp16.20 · Cited by 6

Authors: Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Gross, James J.
Muñoz, Ricardo F.
Venue: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1995
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 151-164
ISSN: 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
1468-2850
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x
OpenAlex: W2033688243
Cited by: 1,595
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 10.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4042 d)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: emotion regulation, mental health, major depressive episode, depression, emotional dysregulation, normal functioning, depression treatment, depression prevention, public mental health

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