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Emotion regulation and mental health
Abstract
In this article, we argue that emotion regulation is an essential (and traditionally underemphasized) feature of mental health. To develop this idea, we first define the terms emotion, emotion regulation, and mental health. We then chart the development of emotion regulation and describe its role in various facets of normal functioning. Next, we consider what happens when emotion becomes dysregulated in a major depressive episode. We suggest that an emotion regulatory perspective integrates diverse theoretical views of depression and has implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of depression. We conclude by speculating about the role of emotion regulation in the broader context of public mental health.
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“In this theoretical framework, emotion dysregulation has been consistently linked with interpersonal difficulties [7,8]”
From The Role of Emotion Dysregulation in Understanding Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
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“Researchers still view difficulties with emotion regulation as being central to psychopathology (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995; Gross & Munoz, 1995); however, they now pay greater attention to normative emotion regulatory processes.”
Self-citationGratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942
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“As " distress disorders " (Watson, 2005), depression and anxiety are widely viewed as the result of difficulties in regulating emotions (Campbell-Sills & Barlow, 2007; Gross & Munoz, 1995; Mennin, Holoway, Fresco, Moore, & Heimberg, 2007).”
BackgroundThe cognitive control of emotion
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“Psychometric research has also explored the role of mindfulness in affect regulation, a skill that is foundational for mental health and other aspects of adaptive functioning ( Gross & Munoz, 1995 ).”
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Self-citation(2007) · Cited by 3,233
Self-citationThe Role of the Family Context in the Development of Emotion Regulation
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“Secondly, depressed mothers experience their own deficits in ER (Bradley, 2000; Gross & Muñoz, 1995), suggesting that they may not have all of the skills needed to model, teach and reinforce adaptive ways of modulating distress.”
BackgroundStigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301069 · Cited by 2,674
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“Intense, prolonged negative affect, such as that experienced in chronically stressful conditions, without compensatory experiences of positive affect may overwhelm the regulatory function of emotion and result in clinical depression (Gross & Munoz, 1995).”
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Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding
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“Indeed, the capacity to regulate emotion is vital to social functioning (Eisenberg, 2001) and maintaining mental health (Gross & Munoz, 1995).”
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Self-citationPrefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion Regulation
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“Emotion regulation has been linked to such important outcomes as mental health (Gross & Munoz, 1995 ), physical health (Sapolsky, 2007 ), relationship satisfaction (Murray, 2005 ), and work performance (Diefendorff, Hall, Lord, & Strean, 2000 ).”
BackgroundMindful emotion regulation: an integrative review
Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.005 · Cited by 1,360
“At the same time, it is being recognized that many psychological disorders have, at their core, disordered emotion regulation (ER; Gross & Munoz, 1995; Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002).”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation: Past, Present, Future
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“…disorders are said to be characterized by problems with emotion and emotion regulation (estimates range from 40% to more than 75%; see Berenbaum, Raghavan, Le, Vernon, & Gomez, 2003; Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Jazaieri, Urry, & Gross, 2013; Kring, 2008, 2010; Kring & Werner, 2004; Werner & Gross, 2010).”
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“Importantly, dysregulation of this process has been argued to lie at the heart of various psychiatric diseases (Gross and Muñoz, 1995).”
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“There are times, however, when expressing emotion may be harmful (Gross & Muñoz, 1995; KennedyMoore & Watson, 2001).”
Toward a new definition of mental health
Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M. C., Beezhold, J. N., & Sartorius, N. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20231 · Cited by 952
“the ability to recognize, express and modulate one’s own emotions, is also regarded as an important component of mental health (16).”
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Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.008 · Cited by 919
“This is consistent with the theoretical approach of Hayes et al. (1999), who argue that emotional avoidance not only results from emotional intensity but can cause it as well.”
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“Adaptive stress processing, including more benign cognitive appraisals of stress situations and adaptive coping with stress, is considered a key underpinning for mental health and well-being ( Gross & Munoz, 1995; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and the present studies were designed to test whether the well-being benefits of…”
BackgroundLeyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0019712 · Cited by 868
“…focused on distinct conceptualizations of the distress tolerance construct(s) as a putative risk or maintenance factor(s) among persons with, or at-risk for, various psychological disorders (Gross & Munoz, 1995; Lynch & Bronner, 2006; Mennin, Heimberg, Turk, & Fresco, 2002; Zvolensky & Otto, 2007).”
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Houben, M., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Kuppens, P. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038822 · Cited by 1,043
Emotion regulation: taking stock and moving forward
Gross, J. J. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0032135 · Cited by 864
Self-citationEmotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.003 · Cited by 850
“Emotion regulation skills also have important implications for mental health (Gross & Muñoz, 1995).”
BackgroundEmotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions
Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283503669 · Cited by 836
Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M. H. M., Segal, Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003 · Cited by 810
“Decentering also shows some conceptual relationship to the model of emotion regulation posited by Gross and colleagues (Gross, 1998a,1998b, 1999; Gross & Muñoz, 1995).”
MethodRegulation of Positive Emotions: Emotion Regulation Strategies that Promote Resilience
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9015-4 · Cited by 791
“Indeed, although it may often involve conscious processes, emotion regulation does not always require awareness or explicit strategies (Gross and Munoz, 1995), and therefore can be unconscious and automatic.”
BackgroundAnterior cingulate cortex: unique role in cognition and emotion
Stevens, F. L., Hurley, R. A., & Taber, K. H. (2011) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.23.2.jnp121 · Cited by 779
Emotional Inertia and Psychological Maladjustment
Kuppens, P., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610372634 · Cited by 729
“In addition, depression is associated with impaired emotion-regulation skills (Gross & Muñoz, 1995) and ruminative thought (Watkins, 2008), which suggests a decreased capacity to change one’s emotions and thoughts.”
Self‐injury: A research review for the practitioner
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“…symptoms of both depressive and anxiety disorders are associated with self-injury (Andover et al., 2005; Klonsky et al., 2003; Ross & Heath, 2002), perhaps because they, like BPD, are characterized by negative emotionality and emotion dysregulation (Gross & Munoz, 1995; Mennin et al., 2005).”
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Functional Neural Plasticity and Associated Changes in Positive Affect After Compassion Training
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“Keywords: affective training, brain, empathy, fMRI, Socio-affective Video Task”
Tull, M. T., Barrett, H. M., McMillan, E. S., & Roemer, L. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.001 · Cited by 694
“An individual’s behavior and ability to pursue self-care, pleasure, and mastery activities is an important indicator of an individual’s ability to regulate emotions (Gross & Munoz, 1995).”
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Self-citationEmotion regulation and aggression
Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2011) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.006 · Cited by 679
Adolescent Development from an Agentic Perspective
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The regulation of negative and positive affect in daily life.
Brans, K., Koval, P., Verduyn, P., Lim, Y. L., & Kuppens, P. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0032400 · Cited by 567
Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms?
Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.001 · Cited by 653
This computer responds to user frustration:
Klein, J., Moon, Y., & Picard, R. W. (2002) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(01)00053-4 · Cited by 560
Positive interventions: An emotion regulation perspective.
Quoidbach, J., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038648 · Cited by 546
“Experiences of positive emotions in the midst of stressful circumstances may, for example, shortcircuit the rumination spiral, preventing individuals from falling into clinical depression (Gross & Munoz, 1995).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFeelings change: Accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of affect.
Kuppens, P., Oravecz, Z., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020962 · Cited by 543
Emotion regulation and understanding: implications for child psychopathology and therapy
Southam‐Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00087-3 · Cited by 605
“Finally, emotion regulation is viewed as an integral process in socioemotional competence and mental health (e.g., Gross & Muñoz, 1995; Hubbard & Coie, 1994; Linehan, 1993; Stifter, Spinrad, & Braungart-Rieker, 1999).”
BackgroundGámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0023242 · Cited by 524
Clinical handbook of mindfulness
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Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.08.005 · Cited by 532
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Silvers, J. A., McRae, K., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Gross, J. J., Remy, K. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0028297 · Cited by 522
“…dispositional differences suggest several directions for future basic and applied research as numerous mental health disorders that are associated with poor regulation of negative affect (Gross & Munoz, 1995; Kring & Werner, 2004) have onsets in adolescence (Glied & Pine, 2002; Pine et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationClinical implications of "subthreshold" depressive symptoms.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Solomon, A., Seeley, J. R., & Zeiss, A. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.345 · Cited by 503
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“Difficulties with emotion regulation are thought to be central to a number of clinical disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (Etkin, Prater, Hoeft, Menon, & Schatzberg, 2010), depression (Gross & Muñoz, 1995), and substance use and abuse (Li & Sinha, 2008).”
BackgroundMindfulness: Top–down or bottom–up emotion regulation strategy?
Chiesa, A., Serretti, A., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.006 · Cited by 470
“The interest towards emotion regulation relies on the notion that adaptive emotion regulation is supposed to subsume adaptive functioning and mental health (Gross & Munoz, 1995).”
BackgroundMeasurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents
Weinberg, A., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016669 · Cited by 477
Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021554 · Cited by 472
Hallion, L. S., Steinman, S. A., Tolin, D. F., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00539 · Cited by 464
“…preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the measure within the Gratz and Roemer (2004) framework and are broadly consistent with theoretical models that highlight emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for emotional disorders (e.g., Gross and Muñoz, 1995).”
ResultApplying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder.
Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.85 · Cited by 461
“Gross and Muñoz (1995) have shown that deficits in emotion regulation are present in many forms of psychopathology.”
BackgroundTroy, A. S., Wilhelm, F. H., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0020262 · Cited by 461
“Indeed, according to Gross & Muñoz (1995), emotion regulation is crucially involved in depression.”
Morawetz, C., Bode, S., Derntl, B., & Heekeren, H. R. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.014 · Cited by 458
“Cognitive control of emotions by means of flexibly responding to affective events is of great importance in our daily social life and instrumental for our mental and physical well-being (Berking and Wupperman, 2012; Eftekhari et al., 2009; Gross et al., 2006; Gross and Muñoz, 1995).”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation in Everyday Life.
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006) · Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health. · doi:10.1037/11468-001 · Cited by 829
“to relieve existing human suffering ( Gross & Munoz, 1995 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMindfulness and Behavior Change
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Child and Adolescent Emotion Regulation: The Role of Parental Emotion Regulation and Expression
Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0092-5 · Cited by 399
“The extensive clinical implications of dysregulated emotions (Cole et al. 1994; Gross and Munoz 1995) provide strong impetus for examination of causal factors associated with the development of adaptive ER.”
BackgroundDesrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22124 · Cited by 392
Computers that recognise and respond to user emotion: theoretical and practical implications
Picard, R. W., & Klein, J. (2002) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(01)00055-8 · Cited by 392
“…express what one is feeling; — Managing emotions: Handling and regulating feelings so that they are suitable to the culture and context (Gross and Muñoz, 1995); helping others when their emotions are heading out of control; — Self-motivation: Harnessing emotions in service of a goal,…”
BackgroundGarnefski, N., van den Kommer, T., Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legerstee, J. S., & Onstein, E. J. (2002) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.458 · Cited by 387
“According to Thompson’s definition, however, the concept of emotion regulation is a very broad conceptual rubric encompassing many biological, cognitive, and behavioural regulatory processes ( Gross, 1998, 1999; Thompson & Calkins, 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialAbortion as stigma: Cognitive and emotional implications of concealment.
Major, B., & Gramzow, R. H. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.77.4.735 · Cited by 378
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Exploring EEG Features in Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition
Li, X., Song, D., Zhang, P., Zhang, Y., Hou, Y., & Hu, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00162 · Cited by 390
“Difficulties in the regulation of negative emotions may cause various mood disorders, such as stress and depression (Gross and Muñoz, 1995), which may influence people’s health (O’Leary, 1990).”
BackgroundJackson, D. C., Mueller, C. J., Dolski, I., Dalton, K. M., Nitschke, J. B., Urry, H. L., Rosenkranz, M. A., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1473.x · Cited by 368
Child Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress: The Impact of Emotional Abuse
Burns, E. E., Jackson, J. L., & Harding, H. G. (2010) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2010.522947 · Cited by 371
“Emotion regulation is a construct that has received considerable attention within the extant literature as a potential explanation for diverse symptom presentations, including PTS ( Gross & Munoz, 1995 ).”
BackgroundRottenberg, J. A., Kasch, K. L., Gross, J. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.2.2.135 · Cited by 360
Self-citationSalters-Pedneault, K., Roemer, L., Tull, M. T., Rucker, L., & Mennin, D. S. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9055-4 · Cited by 356
“Theorists have suggested that emotion dysregulation underlies many forms of psychopathology (e.g., Gross & Munoz, 1995; Kring & Bachorowski, 1999).”
BackgroundParental Emotion Socialization in Adolescence: Differences in Sex, Age and Problem Status
Klimes‐Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn‐Waxler, C., Usher, B. A., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K. T., & Garside, R. B. (2007) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00387.x · Cited by 385
Emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder: Where we are and where we need to go
Cai, R. Y., Richdale, A. L., Uljarević, M., Dissanayake, C., & Samson, A. C. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1968 · Cited by 347
“…2004], intrinsic or extrinsic [e.g., Thompson, 1991], conscious or unconscious [e.g., Bargh & Williams, 2007], voluntary or involuntary [e.g., Mauss, Bunge, & Gross, 2007], antecedent- or response-focused [e.g., Gross & Mu~noz, 1995], and avoidant or approach [e.g., Shaver & Mikulincer, 2014].”
BackgroundToward an integrative perspective on bereavement.
Bonanno, G. A., & Kaltman, S. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.125.6.760 · Cited by 500
A self‐determination theory approach to understanding stress incursion and responses
Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2011) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1368 · Cited by 342
“Adaptive stress processing, including more benign cognitive appraisals of stress situations and adaptive coping with stress, is considered a key underpinning for mental health and well-being (Gross & Munoz, 1995; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).”
BackgroundMindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study
Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., Grosse Holtforth, M., & Brühl, A. B. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst043 · Cited by 342
“Emotional dysregulation and maladaptive emotion regulation are major deficits in many psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders or depression (Gross and Muñoz, 1995).”
BackgroundBerking, M., Ebert, D., Cuijpers, P., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000348448 · Cited by 328
Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K. M., Jinpa, T., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z · Cited by 385
“Given the importance of emotion regulation in mental health (Gross and Muñoz 1995), and the relationship between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology (e.g., Barlow 2000; Kring and Werner 2004), compassion cultivation should be carefully explored within the context of psychological disorders.”
Self-citationInterpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression
Marroquín, B. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.005 · Cited by 414
Hollon, S. D., Muñoz, R. F., Barlow, D. H., Beardslee, W. R., Bell, C. C., Bernal, G., Clarke, G. N., Franciosi, L. P., Kazdin, A. E., Kohn, L. P., et al. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01384-7 · Cited by 327
“For example, we need to study the development of emotion regulation (Gross and Muñoz 1995).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCharacteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals
Ehring, T. W., Fischer, S., Schnülle, J., Bösterling, A., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013 · Cited by 328
Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)
Jermann, F., Van der Linden, M., d'Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.2.126 · Cited by 324
“For example, depression and dysphoria are considered to constitute a difficulty in regulating the increase in negative emotions (e.g., sadness) and the decrease in positive emotions (e.g., happiness) (Gross & Muñoz, 1995).”
BackgroundFamily Processes in Adolescent Depression
Sheeber, L., Hops, H., & Davis, B. (2001) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1009524626436 · Cited by 320
Bridgett, D. J., Oddi, K. B., Laake, L. M., Murdock, K. W., & Bachmann, M. N. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0029536 · Cited by 318
Neural systems of positive affect: relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression?
FORBES, E. E., & DAHL, R. E. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940505039x · Cited by 318
“Because depression has been conceptualized as a disorder of affect dysregulation (Gross & Muñoz, 1995), understanding depression in children and adolescents requires understanding affect regulation.”
Birmaher, B. B., & Brent, D. A. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199810001-00005 · Cited by 315
Wright, R. A., & Kirby, L. D. (2001) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(01)80007-1 · Cited by 313
Cardiac vagal control as a marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults: a review
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Colombo, B., & Ciceri, M. R. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008 · Cited by 306
Sex differences in the neural correlates of emotion: evidence from neuroimaging
Whittle, S., Yücel, M., Yap, M. B. H., & Allen, N. B. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.05.003 · Cited by 305
“there are marked sex differences in prevalence and presentation (Gross and Munoz, 1995), further work on sex differences in the neural circuitry of different types of emotion regulation will be important.”
Cognitive emotion regulation fails the stress test
Raio, C. M., Orederu, T. A., Palazzolo, L., Shurick, A. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1305706110 · Cited by 302
“This regulatory capacity is critical to mental (15) and physical (16) health and its impairment strongly predicts vulnerability to an array of affective disorders (17, 18).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-164
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2033688243
- Cited by
- 1,595
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 10.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, mental health, major depressive episode, depression, emotional dysregulation, normal functioning, depression treatment, depression prevention, public mental health
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