The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 22 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene–environment interaction
Open accessAbstract
Genetic influences on antisocial behavior were more important in adolescents in socioeconomically more advantaged environments, whereas shared environment was higher in socioeconomically less advantaged environments.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
33 Own result · 15 No full text of the sources · 11 Own method · 8 Own interpretation · 4 Sources not found · 1 Not checked yet · 1 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also fitted two additional models to test for qualitative differences, i.e., different genes and shared environments in boys compared to girls (Models III and IV); none of these models fitted the observed data any better than Model II.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for sex differences
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For girls, dropping the genetic interaction effect (ba) for ethnic diversity resulted in a significant deterioration in the fit of the model (p ¼ .02),compared with the full model.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When using the continuous measures of socioeconomic status, our results indicated that in socioeconomically more advantaged environments, the influence of genetic effects on antisocial behavior was higher and the shared environment was lower.”
- Also stated in: § Shared environment · plain
“Shared environmental influences were lower in better-off families and higher in less advantaged families.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Shared environment · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no significant interaction effects for occupational status.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The phenotypic correlations between antisocial behavior and the moderator variables were, as expected, modest: Family socioeconomic status: (occupational status: ).06, p £ .001;educational level: ).05, p £ .001);Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions: (ethnic diversity: .11,p £ .001;basic educational level: ).07, p £ .001;unemployment level ).03, ns; buying power: .02,ns; crime-rate: .07,p £ .001).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model that estimated different parameters in the sexes (Model II) fitted the observed data significantly better (Dv 2 ¼ 29.52; Ddf ¼ 3; p £ .001)than the model that constrained the parameters to be equal across gender (Model I).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for sex differences
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For educational level, no significant interaction effects were found for either sex.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, no significant differences with regard to zygosity were found (boys: t 699 ¼ )1.09, p ¼ .28;girls: t 768 ¼ )1.24, p ¼ .21).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Descriptive statistics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When using the continuous measures of socioeconomic status, our results indicated that in socioeconomically more advantaged environments, the influence of genetic effects on antisocial behavior was higher and the shared environment was lower.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
“Genetic effects seems to be more important for variation in antisocial behavior for adolescents from more advantageous socioeconomic environments”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant interaction effects for basic educational level.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was also a decrease in the fit of the model when we dropped the shared (bc) and the nonshared environmental interaction effects (be), (p ¼ .05)and (p £ .00),respectively.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For boys, when dropping the genetic interaction effect (ba) for occupational status, there was a significantly worse fit of the model (p ¼ .05)compared to the full model, indicating that adolescent boys' sensitivity to display antisocial behavior differ as a function of the environment.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the analyses where socioeconomic status measures were used continuously, heritability was higher in the more advantaged neighborhood group (A ¼ 37%) compared to the less advantaged neighborhood group (A ¼ 1%).Conversely, the shared environment was higher in the less advantaged neighborhood group (C ¼ 69%) compared to the more advantaged neighborhood group (C ¼ 13%).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > More advantaged and less advantaged neighborhoods
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also plotted neighborhood ethnic diversity for boys, as the p-value for the shared environmental interaction (bc) was .08,and a similar pattern emerged for boys as for girls (Diagram 1c).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The influence of genetic effects on antisocial behavior was higher in low crime areas, while the shared environmental factor was lower, compared to high crime areas (Diagram 1d).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For boys, there were no significant interaction effects for ethnic diversity or basic educational level.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For girls, genetic effects were also higher in more advantaged neighborhoods (A ¼ 69%) compared to less advantaged neighborhoods (A ¼ 61%), and the shared environment was higher in less advantaged neighborhoods (C ¼ 16%) compared to more advantaged neighborhoods (C ¼ 6%), but the estimates could be constrained across the two neighborhood groups (Dv 2 ¼ .68;Ddf ¼ 3; p ¼ .88).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > More advantaged and less advantaged neighborhoods
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean values were consistently higher in boys compared to girls; (t 2102 ¼ 5.87, p £ .001).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Descriptive statistics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plotting the variance component as a function of the moderator variable neighborhood ethnic diversity for girls indicated that the influence of genetic effects on antisocial behavior was higher and the influence of shared environmental effects was lower in areas with low levels of ethnic diversity as compared to areas with high levels of ethnic diversity (Diagram 1b).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As can be seen, there were gender differences; for boys, shared environment (C ¼ 52%) was more important than genetic effects, whereas for girls genetic factors were more important (A ¼ 59%) than shared environmental effects.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for sex differences
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intraclass correlations on antisocial behavior were all significant (p £ .001):MZ/ DZ male: .60/.51; MZ/DZ female: .73/.49; and opposite-sex twins: .27.The DZ correlations were greater than half the MZ correlations, indicating the presence of genetic and shared environmental influences on antisocial behavior.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Descriptive statistics
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diagram 1a illustrates that the influence of genetic effects on antisocial behavior was higher in families with high occupational status, while the shared environmental effects were lower.”
- Also stated in: § Test for interaction · plain
“genetic effects were lower and the shared environmental effects were higher.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for interaction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Test for interaction · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shared environmental influences were lower in better-off families and higher in less advantaged families.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Shared environment
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The same pattern was found for ethnic diversity for girls, ethnic diversity for boys and for crime-rate for girls (i.e., neighborhood socioeconomic conditions).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Shared environment
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found significant interaction effects between the non-shared environment and family occupational status on antisocial behavior for boys, neighborhood rate of crime for boys and neighborhood ethnic diversity for girls.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Non-shared environment
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similar to other studies, mean values for antisocial behavior were found to be consistently higher in boys compared to girls (Rutter, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2003).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sex differences
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rutter, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the best-fitting model for antisocial behavior indicated that the same genes and environments are important for boys and girls, but the relative importance of the genetic and environmental influences are different.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for sex differences
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been found to moderate the effects of a risk environment on the development of antisocial behavior (Caspi et al., 2002;Foley et al., 2004).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“There are several risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior and even though both family socioeconomic status and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions are established risk factors (Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000;Rutter, Giller, & Hagell, 1998), they only explain a fraction of the variance.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The items have been shown to have high validity (e.g., not being confused by the questions: 97.5%) and reliability (e.g., test-retest: 90%) (Junger-Tas et al., 1994).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Junger-Tas et al., 1994
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study by Wichers et al. (2002) using this approach found that children with high genetic vulnerability for behavior problems were less sensitive to the effects of being small for gestational age.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wichers et al., 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Genetic influences on antisocial behavior were more important in adolescents in socioeconomically more advantaged environments, whereas the shared environment was higher in adolescents in socioeconomically less advantaged environments.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 1,133- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study used data from the wave 3 self-report questionnaire, to which 2,368 (82%) of the adolescents responded, and from the wave 3 parent-report questionnaire, to which 1,067 (74%) of the parents responded.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Several studies have demonstrated that the association between family socioeconomic status and antisocial behavior is relatively weak (Hawkins et al., 1998).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hawkins et al., 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences were found for unemployment level (t 2925 ¼ )1.13, p ¼.26), basic educational level (t 2925 ¼ )1.65, p ¼ .10),buying power (t 2925 ¼ )1.27, p ¼ .21)or neighborhood crime-rate (t 2937 ¼ .97,p ¼ .33).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Representativeness of the sample.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“These studies provide evidence that neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and antisocial behavior is significantly, but weakly, correlated (Elliott et al., 1996;Lynam, Caspi, Moffitt, Wikstro ¨m, & Loeber, 2000).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Abstract
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zygosity for same-sex twins was determined using discriminant analysis of DNA-validated questionnaire items concerning the twins' physical similarity and the frequency with which people confuse them.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“whereas Miles and Carey (1997) reported in their meta-analysis that the magnitude of genetic influences on aggression was higher for males than for females.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sex differences
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Miles and Carey (1997)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although self-report of delinquency includes instances that are not captured by official records, there could be biases, such as poor memory, exaggeration and concealment.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Sampson et al. (1997) have demonstrated that collective efficacy affects the levels of violent street crime.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Shared environment
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sampson et al. (1997) source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The model suggests that the less affected sex, i.e., females, may need a greater liability to express antisocial behavior, and so relatives of an affected female are at greater risk of developing antisocial behavior than relatives of an affected male.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sex differences
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rhee & Waldman, 2002 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies have demonstrated that it is those individuals who are at genetic risk who show the greatest vulnerability to environmental adversities.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings suggest that an explanation for this could be that both family socioeconomic status and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions are important, but that they moderate the influence of genetic and environmental effects on antisocial behavior.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding sex differences in heritability of antisocial behavior.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sex differences
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This might seem like a contradiction, but it should be noted that the focus of the previous studies and ours differs: the former evaluate mean differences while ours, based on a twin design, focuses on population variance.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, interaction effects are generally quite small and hence difficult to identify (Rowe, 2003), suggesting that a larger sample might be required.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rowe, 2003 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, the competence of the family to provide sufficient parenting is probably of more importance, whereas in higher socioeconomic areas other structural factors, for example neighbors and strong school attachment, might compensate for poor parenting.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Shared environment
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using cross-sectional data makes it difficult to distinguish between normative or adolescent-limited antisocial behavior and more serious, persistent antisocial behavior.”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Limitations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Rhee and Waldman (2002) concluded in their meta-analysis that the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior is equal for both sexes”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Sex differences
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rhee and Waldman (2002) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“SES has also been found to moderate the relative influence of genetic factors on antisocial and aggressive behavior.”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“In a sample of Swedish 16–17-year-old twins, heritability for antisocial and aggressive behavior was higher in the more affluent neighborhoods (boys, 37%; girls, 69%) compared to the less advantaged neighborhoods (boys, 1%, girls, 61%). Conversely, the shared environment was higher in the less advantaged neighborhoods (boys, 69%; girls, 16%) compared to better-off neighborhoods (boys, 13%; girls,”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Thus far, twin studies have found no evidence of significant sex differences in the genetic and environmental etiology of psychopathology and normal personality (Jang, 2005; Bouchard & Loehlin, 2001) with the exception of antisocial behavior (Tuvblad, 2006; Heiman, et al., 2004; Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter & Silva, 2001).”
From Genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity: A meta-analysis of twin, family and adoption studies (2011) · cites this paper as Tuvblad, 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Test for sex differences
“The model that estimated different parameters in the sexes (Model II) fitted the observed data significantly better (Dv 2 ¼ 29.52; Ddf ¼ 3; p £ .001)than the model that constrained the parameters to be equal across gender (Model I).”
§ Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene-environment interaction > Limitations
“2124.21 (2187) 61.51 (3)** | - | .42 (1) | .00 (1)”
Citations
Cites
Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.918 · Cited by 11,999
Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072290 · Cited by 4,842
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families
Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992) · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8018-2 · Cited by 4,005
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309 · Cited by 3,550
Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S. J. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.568 · Cited by 2,973
Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions
Janson, C.-G., Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (1999) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655346 · Cited by 1,893
Early predictors of male delinquency: A review.
Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. J. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.68 · Cited by 1,534
Rhee, S. H., & Waldman, I. D. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.490 · Cited by 1,266
Relationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology: A Natural Experiment
Costello, E. J., Compton, S. N., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.15.2023 · Cited by 1,079
Variance Components Models for Gene–Environment Interaction in Twin Analysis
Purcell, S. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202762342026 · Cited by 924
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Neale M.C., 1997, Mx: Statistical modeling
- Ring J., 1999, Hem och skola, kamrater och brott [Home and school, peers and delinquency]
- Statistics Sweden, 1995, Reports on statistical co‐ordination 1982, Swedish socio‐economic classification
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reiss, F. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.026 · Cited by 2,062
Sarsour, K., Sheridan, M., Jutte, D., Nuru-Jeter, A., Hinshaw, S., & Boyce, W. T. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710001335 · Cited by 556
Burt, S. A. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0015702 · Cited by 467
Smith, G. D. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr117 · Cited by 339
Ferguson, C. J. (2010) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224540903366503 · Cited by 350
Are there meaningful etiological differences within antisocial behavior? Results of a meta-analysis
Burt, S. A. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.12.004 · Cited by 305
Piotrowska, P. J., Stride, C., Croft, S., & Rowe, R. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.003 · Cited by 337
“For example, Tuvblad, Grann, and Lichtenstein (2006) showed that heritability of antisocial behaviour changes as a function of SES.”
Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders
Nugent, N. R., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., & Price, L. H. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2151-x · Cited by 269
“Consistent with early theory (Bronfenbrenner and Ceci 1994), twin models of both internalizing and externalizing have suggested that socioeconomically disadvantaged environments may obscure genetic effects (Raine 2002; South and Krueger 2010; Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
BackgroundSchreier, H. M. C., & Chen, E. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0029416 · Cited by 220
Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias
Young, A. I., Frigge, M. L., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Thorleifsson, G., Bjornsdottir, G., Sulem, P., Masson, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stefansson, K., & Kong, A. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9 · Cited by 173
Violent crime runs in families: a total population study of 12.5 million individuals
Frisell, T., Lichtenstein, P., & Långström, N. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000462 · Cited by 163
“Of interest, previous research with representative Swedish population data suggests that genetic factors account for more variance in antisocial behavior in higher as compared to lower socio-economic groups (Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBezdjian, S., Baker, L. A., & Tuvblad, C. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.005 · Cited by 158
Self-citationKoenen, K. C., Aiello, A. E., Bakshis, E., Amstadter, A. B., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Gelernter, J. E., & Galea, S. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn397 · Cited by 159
“Although twin studies have shown that the heritability of a wide range of individual characteristics and behaviors is modified by environmental factors such as socioeconomic status in childhood (47, 48), early family adversity (49), and school environment (50), no studies to our knowledge have examined whether aspects…”
BackgroundA Note on False Positives and Power in G × E Modelling of Twin Data
van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., & Dolan, C. V. (2011) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9480-3 · Cited by 151
“2008), personality (Bartels and Boomsma 2009; Brendgen et al. 2009; Distel et al. 2010; Hicks et al. 2009a, b; Johnson et al. 2009b; Tuvblad et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2009), health (Johnson and Krueger 2005; Johnson et al.”
BackgroundHuman Aggression Across the Lifespan
Tuvblad, C., & Baker, L. A. (2011) · Advances in Genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380858-5.00007-1 · Cited by 139
“These studies using the moderated variance components approach (e.g., Button et al., 2005; Rowe et al., 1999; Tuvblad et al., 2006), all examine whether an environmental (risk) factor moderates genetic and environmental variance on antisocial and aggressive behavior.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSadeh, N., Javdani, S., Jackson, J. J., Reynolds, E. K., Potenza, M. N., Gelernter, J. E., Lejuez, C. W., & Verona, E. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019709 · Cited by 146
Defining the Environment in Gene–Environment Research: Lessons From Social Epidemiology
Boardman, J. D., Daw, J., & Jeremy Freese, A. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301355 · Cited by 129
“S1 reduction of overall smoking rates might have occurred largely among those for whom smoking was intrinsically less rewarding, public health campaigns against smoking might have changed the actual allelic composition of the population of smokers while reducing the number of smokers overall.55 Evidence for the social…”
ResultAggressive and Violent Behavior
Eisner, M., & Malti, T. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy319 · Cited by 153
The Swedish Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development: The TCHAD-Study
Lichtenstein, P., Tuvblad, C., Larsson, H., & Carlström, E. L. (2007) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.10.1.67 · Cited by 105
“, 1992) 1,2,3 4 Ethnicity 3 Neighborhood sociodemographic status (Tuvblad et al., 2006) NR Physical health Birthweight NR Height and weight 1,2,3 2,3,4 Asthma and allergy (own measure: Lichtenstein & Svartengren, 1997) 1,2 Headache (own measure: Svensson et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTesting different types of genotype-environment correlation: An extended children-of-twins model.
Narusyte, J., Neiderhiser, J. M., D'Onofrio, B. M., Reiss, D., Spotts, E. L., Ganiban, J. M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013911 · Cited by 105
Self-citationExpanding our lens: Female pathways to antisocial behavior in adolescence and adulthood
Javdani, S., Sadeh, N., & Verona, E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.002 · Cited by 108
Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., & Hariri, A. R. (2013) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2013.06.001 · Cited by 103
The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders
Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.1/trkjennerud · Cited by 100
Genetics of nicotine dependence and pharmacotherapy
Lessov‐Schlaggar, C. N., Pergadia, M. L., Khroyan, T. V., & Swan, G. E. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.018 · Cited by 97
Button, T. M. M., Lau, J. Y. F., Maughan, B., & Eley, T. C. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001328 · Cited by 90
“There is emerging evidence from twin studies for other types of gene–environment interplay in relation to antisocial outcomes, whereby environmental processes moderate genetic risk, and ultimately estimates of heritability (Button et al. 2005 ; Tuvblad et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMikolajewski, A. J., Allan, N. P., Hart, S. A., Lonigan, C. J., & Taylor, J. E. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9681-0 · Cited by 85
“Studies have shown higher shared environment estimates in high-risk, disadvantaged environments (Cleveland 2003; Tuvblad et al. 2005).”
BackgroundThe contribution of gene–environment interaction to psychopathology
Thapar, A., Harold, G. T., Rice, F. J., Langley, K., & O’Donovan, M. C. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407000491 · Cited by 84
Being Poorer Than the Rest of the Neighborhood: Relative Deprivation and Problem Behavior of Youth
Nieuwenhuis, J., van Ham, M., Yu, R., Branje, S., Meeus, W., & Hooimeijer, P. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0668-6 · Cited by 82
Genetic and Environmental Causes of Variation in Trait Resilience in Young People
Waaktaar, T., & Torgersen, S. O. (2011) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9519-5 · Cited by 81
“Earlier genetically informative studies have yielded differential heritability estimates across socioeconomic groups (South and Krueger 2011; Tuvblad et al. 2006) as well as in groups with different exposure to various stressful live events (Distel et al. 2011).”
BackgroundDelinquent peer affiliation and conduct problems: A twin study.
Button, T. M. M., Corley, R. P., Rhee, S. H., Hewitt, J. K., Young, S. E., & Stallings, M. C. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.554 · Cited by 82
Twins and Causal Inference: Leveraging Nature's Experiment
McAdams, T. A., Rijsdijk, F. V., Zavos, H. M. S., & Pingault, J.-B. (2021) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a039552 · Cited by 74
Infant Pathways to Externalizing Behavior: Evidence of Genotype × Environment Interaction
Leve, L. D., Kerr, D., Shaw, D. S., Ge, X., Neiderhiser, J. M., Scaramella, L. V., Reid, J. B., Conger, R. D., & Reiss, D. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01398.x · Cited by 76
“Other researchers have found that genetic influences on externalizing behavior are more important in families with more advantaged environments, whereas the shared environment is more important in more economically disadvantaged environments (Tuvblad et al., 2006).”
Childhood social disadvantage and smoking in adulthood: results of a 25‐year longitudinal study
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Boden, J. M., & Jenkin, G. L. S. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01729.x · Cited by 73
“indicates that that children from disadvantaged families are at increased risk of conduct problems and related behaviours ( 22-24 ).”
BackgroundYao, S., Långström, N., Temrin, H., & Walum, H. (2014) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.06.007 · Cited by 70
Harden, K. P., Tucker–Drob, E. M., & Tackett, J. L. (2012) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2012.97 · Cited by 64
“…2007; Rhemtulla & Tucker-Drob, 2012; Tucker-Drob et al., 2011; Turkheimer et al., 2003), externalizing behavior (Dick et al., 2009; Legrand et al., 2008; Sadeh et al., 2010; Tuvblad et al., 2006), internalizing psychopathology (South & Krueger, 2011), and sexual behavior (Carlson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Behavioral Genetics of Personality Disorder
Livesley, W. J., & Jang, K. L. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141203 · Cited by 68
Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and psychopathy: A systematic review
Moreira, D. S., Moreira, D. S., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, F. N., Barbosa, F., Fávero, M., & Sousa‐Gomes, V. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101452 · Cited by 79
The Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Antisocial Behavior from Childhood to Emerging Adulthood
Tuvblad, C., Narusyte, J., Grann, M., Sarnecki, J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9463-4 · Cited by 75
“Univariate results on antisocial behavior Wave 2, ages 13–14 years and Wave 3, ages 16–17 years have previously been reported on these data (Tuvblad et al. 2005, 2006) 50% (p \ 0.05), of the variance in antisocial behavior in Waves 1–4, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGene-Environment Interaction in Adults’ IQ Scores: Measures of Past and Present Environment
van der Sluis, S., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., de Geus, E. J. C., Boomsma, D. I., & Posthuma, D. (2008) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-008-9212-5 · Cited by 69
“Still, this study contributes to the growing body of evidence (e.g., Button et al. 2005; Jaffee et al. 2003; Johnson and Krueger 2005; Tuvblad et al. 2006) suggesting that the amount of variance attributable to genetic and environmental factors in traits such as cognitive ability, physical health,…”
ResultLegrand, L. N., Keyes, M. A., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001596 · Cited by 70
“As mentioned, low socio-economic status sometimes constrains genetic effects, as seen in the reduced heritability of adaptive traits such as intelligence (e.g. Turkheimer et al. 2003) and also non-adaptive traits such as delinquency (Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
InfluentialCurtis, S. E., Pain, R., Fuller, S., Khatib, Y., Rothon, C., Stansfeld, S. A., & Daya, S. (2012) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.10.010 · Cited by 64
Alcohol misuse and criminal offending: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.014 · Cited by 62
“These factors may include both common genes that nfluence the propensity to alcohol misuse and crime (Holmes et al., 001; Osby et al., 2010; Tuvblad et al., 2006; Whitfield et al., 2004) nd common environmental factors (e.”
BackgroundForaita, R., Günther, F., Gwozdz, W., Reisch, L. A., Russo, P., Lauria, F., Siani, A., Veidebaum, T., Tornaritis, M., Iacoviello, L., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.156 · Cited by 59
Narusyte, J., Andershed, A., Neiderhiser, J. M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0582-z · Cited by 58
“Univariate analyses for SRD at wave 3 have already been published [45].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenetics of Personality Disorders
Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2008) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.012 · Cited by 53
South, S. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000279 · Cited by 54
“An obvious implication of the findings from this study is that treatments may differ by SES level (Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialTielbeek, J. J., Linnér, R. K., Beers, K., Posthuma, D., Popma, A., & Polderman, T. J. C. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32442 · Cited by 56
“Similarly, a twin study on antisocial behavior found higher estimates of heritability in adolescents in socioeconomically more advantaged environments, compared to adolescents in socioeconomically less advantaged environments, indicating a gene-environment interaction [Tuvblad et al., 2006].”
BackgroundMenting, B., van Lier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M., Pardini, D. A., & Loeber, R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941500036x · Cited by 55
Björkenstam, E., Björkenstam, C., Vinnerljung, B., Hallqvist, J., & Ljung, R. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr127 · Cited by 51
Amone‐P’Olak, K., Burger, H., Huisman, M. A., Oldehinkel, A. J., & Ormel, J. (2009) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2009.092569 · Cited by 50
Poonawalla, I. B., Kendzor, D. E., Owen, M. T., & Caughy, M. O. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.005 · Cited by 48
Dick, D. M., Bernard, M., Alıev, F., Viken, R. J., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J. A., & Rose, R. J. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01011.x · Cited by 45
Neighborhood Disadvantage Alters the Origins of Children’s Nonaggressive Conduct Problems
Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Gorman‐Smith, D., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615618164 · Cited by 49
“Given the results of existing twin studies (Cleveland, 2003; Tuvblad et al., 2006), we expected to find evidence of shared environmental moderation of child antisocial behavior by neighborhood disadvantage.”
Hyde, L. W. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000188 · Cited by 48
The Genetics of Externalizing Problems
Barr, P. B., & Dick, D. M. (2019) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2019_120 · Cited by 52
Nieuwenhuis, J., Hooimeijer, P., & Meeus, W. (2014) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.11.011 · Cited by 43
Gong, H., Rehman, F., Zhong, L., Liu, J., Yang, T., Liu, J., Li, H., Hu, Z., Ma, Q., Wu, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06207 · Cited by 42
Anderson, L. R. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.026 · Cited by 41
af Klinteberg, B., Almquist, Y. B., Beijer, U., & Rydelius, P. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-756 · Cited by 41
“However, even if genes have a very strong impact on the development of substance abuse, there is an important interaction between genes and environmental influences in this process [16,17], as recently differently evidenced in male and female subjects [18].”
BackgroundCarroll, S. L., Mikhail, M. E., & Burt, S. A. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102253 · Cited by 50
Barr, P. B., Silberg, J. L., Dick, D. M., & MAES, H. H. M. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.027 · Cited by 38
“Because of the greater heritability of externalizing problems under conditions of greater SES (Middeldorp et al., 2014; Tuvblad et al., 2006) and the greater access to alcohol (Swahn et Barr et al.”
BackgroundGender differences in the genetic and environmental determinants of adolescent depression
Uddin, M., Koenen, K. C., Santos, R. D. L., Ware, E. B., Aiello, A. E., & Galea, S. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20692 · Cited by 40
“Similar findings have been reported in the twin studies literature, in which shared neighborhood-level environmental influences were found to be more important than genetic effects in determining antisocial behavior among adolescent males, whereas for adolescent girls, genetic factors were more important than shared e…”
ResultBurt, S. A. (2022) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-015507 · Cited by 40
Samek, D. R., Hicks, B. M., Keyes, M. A., Bailey, J. A., McGue, M. K., & Iacono, W. G. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001445 · Cited by 39
“…the research on gene–environment interplay for EXT, however, has been limited to crosssectional findings in childhood and adolescence (Cadoret et al. 1995; Burt et al. 2005; Tuvblad et al. 2006; Feinberg et al. 2007; Button et al. 2008, Larsson et al. 2008; Legrand et al. 2008; Hicks et al. 2009b).”
BackgroundLajunen, H., Kaprio, J. A., Rose, R. J., Pulkkinen, L., & Silventoinen, K. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.304 · Cited by 40
“Among adolescents living in socioeconomically more advantaged environments influence of genetic factors on variation in antisocial behavior was greater and influence of common environment was smaller than in less advantaged environments (24).”
BackgroundMaternal warmth and directiveness jointly moderate the etiology of childhood conduct problems
Burt, S. A., Klahr, A. M., Neale, M. C., & Klump, K. L. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12095 · Cited by 39
Burt, A. (2011) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2011.625323 · Cited by 35
“Largely consistent with this latter model of GxE risk is the small literature examining GxE in the relationship between child and adolescent behavior problems and contextual-level risks ( Cleveland, 2003 ; Tuvblad, Grann, & Lichtenstein, 2006 ).”
BackgroundFearon, P. R. M., Reiss, D., Leve, L. D., Shaw, D. S., Scaramella, L. V., Ganiban, J. M., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000868 · Cited by 39
Vinnerljung, B., & Hjern, A. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.902501 · Cited by 35
Gene x environment interactions in conduct disorder: Implications for future treatments
Holz, N. E., Zohsel, K., Laucht, M., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Brandeis, D. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.017 · Cited by 35
Beaver, K. M., Sak, A., Vaske, J. C., & Nilsson, J. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.024 · Cited by 30
“Research has revealed that adverse home environments interact with genetic factors to predict antisocial behavior (Cadoret et al., 2003; Tuvblad et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAssessing Genotype by Environment Interaction in Case of Heterogeneous Measurement Error
Schwabe, I., & van den Berg, S. M. (2014) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-014-9649-7 · Cited by 27
“…G E has been found in the development of depression (Hicks et al. 2009; Lau and Eley 2008; Brendgen et al. 2009), physical and mental health (Johnson and Krueger 2005; Faith et al. 2004; Kim-Cohen et al. 2006) and antisocial behavior (Caspi et al. 2002; Cadoret et al. 1983; Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
BackgroundChildhood problem behavior and parental divorce: evidence for gene–environment interaction
Robbers, S. C. C., van Oort, F. V. A., Huizink, A. C., Verhulst, F. C., van Beijsterveldt, C., Boomsma, D. I., & Bartels, M. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0470-9 · Cited by 30
“The heritability of boys’ antisocial behavior was lower in adolescents from families with lower socioeconomic status [37].”
BackgroundResultBadini, I., Ahmadzadeh, Y. I., Wechsler, D. L., Lyngstad, T. H., Rayner, C., Eilertsen, E. M., Zavos, H. M. S., Ystrøm, E., & McAdams, T. A. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13872 · Cited by 27
“Results are inconsistent on the direction of this moderation effect and depends on the indicators of family SES used (Hendriks et al., 2019; Middeldorp et al., 2014; Tuvblad et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSchwartz, J. A., Solomon, S. J., & Valgardson, B. A. (2017) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-017-9368-3 · Cited by 30
“In line with previous research employing similar analytic approaches, age (measured continuously in years), sex (0 = female; 1 = male), and race (0 = Caucasian; 1 = all other races) were included in all estimated models as covariates (Hill et al. 2008; Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
MethodJohnson, W., McGue, M. K., & Iacono, W. G. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016225 · Cited by 28
“For example, Tuvblad, Grann, and Lichtenstein (2006) reported that the proportion of variance in antisocial behavior contributed by genetic influences unique to antisocial behavior increased with increasing parental SES in a Swedish sample of twins age 16–17 that was about 80% larger than ours.”
Culture and the Development of Regulatory Competence: Chinese–U.S. Comparisons
Tardif, T. Z., Wang, L., & Olson, S. L. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511575877.012 · Cited by 27
Johansson, A., Huhtamäki, A., Sainio, M., Kaljonen, A., Boivin, M., & Salmivalli, C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1731820 · Cited by 26
Burt, S. A., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & Klump, K. L. (2012) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-012-9545-y · Cited by 27
“Indeed, it may well be the case that there is detectable C in such samples, as available research on conduct problems has indicated that shared environmental influences are larger in high risk environments and lower in average and low risk environments (Tuvblad et al. 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAre there sex differences in the etiology of youth antisocial behavior?
Burt, S. A., Slawinski, B. L., & Klump, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000324 · Cited by 27
“The current findings thus suggest that, although disadvantage appears to have potent effects on the etiology of youth antisocial behavior (Burt et al., 2016; Cleveland, 2003; Tuvblad et al., 2006), these effects do not vary across sex.”
Heritability Studies: Methodological Flaws, Invalidated Dogmas, and Changing Paradigms
BURT, C. H. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1057-629020150000016002 · Cited by 24
Clarifying the Associations between Age at Menarche and Adolescent Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Vaughan, E. B., Hulle, C. A. V., Beasley, W. H., Rodgers, J. L., & D'Onofrio, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0255-7 · Cited by 25
“1999), delinquent acts (Tuvblad et al. 2006), and early age at first intercourse (Moore et al.”
BackgroundMiddeldorp, C. M., Lamb, D. J., Vink, J. M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2014) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-014-9660-z · Cited by 27
“2001), in three with the bioecological model (Button et al. 2005; Hicks et al. 2009a; Tuvblad et al. 2006) and in one with both models depending on the environmental exposure (Button et al.”
ResultGenetic and environmental causes of variation in perceived loneliness in young people
Waaktaar, T., & Torgersen, S. O. (2012) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32064 · Cited by 24
“Differential heritability estimates across socioeconomic groups have been reported in genetically informative studies have yielded [Tuvblad et al., 2006; South and Krueger, 2011] as well as in groups with different exposure to various stressful conditions [Distel et al., 2011].”
BackgroundMolenaar, D., van der Sluis, S., Boomsma, D. I., & Dolan, C. V. (2011) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9522-x · Cited by 20
“…Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands et al. 2009b; Johnson et al. 2009b; Silberg et al. 2001; Tuvblad et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2009), health-related phenotypes (Johnson and Krueger 2005; Johnson et al. 2010; McCaffery et al. 2008; McCaffery…”
BackgroundExamining the factor structure and etiology of prosociality.
Mikolajewski, A. J., Chavarria, J., Moltisanti, A. J., Hart, S. A., & Taylor, J. E. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0037132 · Cited by 22
Burt, S. A., Pearson, A. L., Carroll, S. L., Klump, K. L., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00587-6 · Cited by 20
Taylor, J. E., Allan, N. P., Mikolajewski, A. J., & Hart, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02621.x · Cited by 22
“Significant shared environmental influences were found for rProsociality and this was consistent with results from Waldman et al. (2011). However, a set of shared environmental effects were also found for Negative Emotionality and the Externalizing factor.”
ResultDo neighborhood social processes moderate the etiology of youth conduct problems?
Burt, S. A., Clark, D. A., Pearson, A. L., Klump, K. L., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001521 · Cited by 22
“Tuvblad et al. (2006), for example, examined 1133 population-based twin pairs in Sweden, and found that shared environmental influences on antisocial behavior were more important for adolescents residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods (i.e. those with blight, crime, etc.), while genetic influences…”
BackgroundResultNORMAL DEVELOPMENT INFANCY, CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Guerra, N. G., Williamson, A. A., & Lucas‐Molina, B. (2012) · Cited by 21
Vendlinski, M. K., Lemery‐Chalfant, K., Essex, M. J., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02343.x · Cited by 21
Current Knowledge on Gene-Environment Interactions in Personality Disorders: an Update
Bulbena‐Cabré, A., Nia, A. B., & Pérez-Rodríguez, M. M. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0934-7 · Cited by 21
Gene–Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Human Violence
Laucht, M., Brandeis, D., & Zohsel, K. (2013) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2013_260 · Cited by 18
Gallardo‐Pujol, D., Forero, C. G., Maydeu‐Olivares, A., & Pueyo, A. A. (2009) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4804.2008084 · Cited by 24
Mariz, C., Cruz, O. S., & Moreira, D. S. (2021) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2021.101715 · Cited by 20
Child and contextual effects in the emergence of differential maternal sensitivity across siblings.
Browne, D. T., Wade, M., Plamondon, A., Leckie, G., Perlman, M., Madigan, S. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2018) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000506 · Cited by 20
Hendriks, A. M., Finkenauer, C., Nivard, M. G., Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. V., Plomin, R. J., Boomsma, D. I., & Bartels, M. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01357-x · Cited by 14
Biosocial Influences on Offending Across the Life Course
Choy, O., Portnoy, J., Raine, A., Remmel, R. J., Schug, R. A., Tuvblad, C., & Yang, Y. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190201371.013.16 · Cited by 18
Self-citationSouth, S. C., Hamdi, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12231 · Cited by 16
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Juvenile Delinquency
Lahey, B. B., & Waldman, I. D. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258932.ch14 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Tuvblad, C., Grann, M., & Lichtenstein, P.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Tuvblad, Catherine
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-09-28
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 734-743
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2138307882
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap (2001-2368)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2001-4231)
- Stockholms Universitet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- antisocial behavior, adolescents, heritability, gene-environment interaction, socioeconomic status, shared environment, genetic factors, neighborhood socioeconomic status, sex differences, prevention policy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Twins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
