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Cited by 158Nutrition and Health in AgingSports Performance and TrainingBalance, Gait, and Falls Prevention

Short‐term resistance training and the older adult: the effect of varied programmes for the enhancement of muscle strength and functional performance

Henwood, Tim R., Taaffe, Dennis R.·2006·Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
DOI 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00695.x
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Abstract

Summary: Although it is well recognized that resistance training is an efficient strategy to enhance physical performance in older adults, less is known about the most effective type of resistive exercise or the role of functional training. This study compared the effectiveness of three varied short‐term (8 weeks) training protocols on muscle strength and functional performance in older men and women aged 65–84 years. Participants underwent twice‐weekly high‐velocity varied‐resistance training (HV), twice weekly slow to moderate‐velocity constant‐resistance training (CT), combined once weekly high‐velocity varied‐resistance and once weekly gymnasium‐based functional training (CB) or no training (CO). Dynamic muscle strength (1RM) of six muscle groups was assessed using isotonic equipment and functional performance by a battery of tests. Following 8 weeks of training, whole‐body muscle strength increased (P<0·001) by 22·0 ± 12·5% (mean ± SD), 21·7 ± 11·0% and 26·1 ±14·4% in HV, CT and CB, respectively, compared to CO (−1·8 ± 7·2%). In between group comparisons, only the HV group displayed greater chair rise ability (P =0·010) than the CO group, while differences among groups approached significance for the fast 6‐m walk and the stair climb test (P = 0·017 and 0·041 respectively). Within groups, the HV group significantly improved in stair‐climbing and chair rise ability (P≤0·001) while CB improved in the fast 6‐m walk (P = 0·003) and CT improved their static balance, as assessed by the functional reach test (P<0·001). This study indicates that twice weekly high‐velocity resistance training is superior to strength and combined functional and resistance training for improving some power‐orientated functional tasks. Although other functional performance improvements were modest among the training protocols, short‐term combined once weekly resistance and once weekly functional training in older adults was as effective in enhancing muscle strength as twice‐weekly resistance training. These results have important implications for older adults who are unable or unwilling to frequently attend exercise facilities.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00695.x

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  • Both strength and power training can improve functional capacity in older adults.

    “Intervention studies have indicated that both strength and power training can improve functional capacity in older adults, consequently improving their ability to maintain independence [4–9].”

    From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Five included studies had good internal validity, eight were classified as poor to fair, and one was classified as having poor internal validity.

    “Five studies were considered to have ‘good’ internal validity [3, 30, 33, 35, 38], 8 studies were classified as ‘poor’ to ‘fair’ [4, 5, 9, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39], and 1 study was classified as having ‘poor’ interal validity [7].”

    From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations.

    “Although not specifically evaluated in older adults during bed rest, there is clear evidence that resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations [25-34].”

    From Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest (2010) · cites this paper as [31]

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Authors
Henwood, T. R., & Taaffe, D. R.
Affiliations
The University of Queensland (AU)
ORCID
Taaffe, Dennis R.
Venue
Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-08-23
Volume
26
Issue
5
Pages
305-313
ISSN
  • 1475-0961 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-097X
DOI
10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00695.x
OpenAlex
W1996610131
Semantic Scholar
8de2ff58d211cc495462662d2efec7e68af9c48e
Cited by
158
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Keywords
resistance training, older adults, muscle strength, functional performance, functional training, power, balance, sit-to-stand, stair climbing, functional reach test
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Muscles, Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Time Factors, Exercise, Muscle Strength

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