The effects of nicotine on locomotor activity in non‐tolerant and tolerant rats

Clarke, P.B.S.; Kumar, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb09398.x

Cited by 457Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudySmoking Behavior and CessationNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The effects of nicotine on locomotor activity in non‐tolerant and tolerant rats

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Clarke, P.B.S., Kumar, R.·1983·British Journal of Pharmacology

DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb09398.xPMC PMC2044704

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Abstract

1--Rats were tested for locomotor activity in photocell cages, for 80 min starting immediately after subcutaneous injection of (-)-nicotine bitartrate or 0.9% w/v NaCl solution (saline). In non-tolerant subjects, nicotine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg base) depressed activity and induced ataxia in the first 20 min, but increased activity later in the session; these actions were dose-dependent. 2--Tolerance was studied by comparing rats given nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c.) every day with control rats given saline instead. Each week, every subject was tested once with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) and once with saline. With daily or even weekly injections of nicotine, the initial depressant action of the drug was replaced by a dose-dependent stimulant action which occurred throughout the session. In these tolerant animals, little ataxia was seen except when a larger dose of 0.8 mg/kg was given. Tolerance to the depressant action of nicotine persisted for at least 3 weeks. 3--In non-tolerant subjects, mecamylamine (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg s.c.) prevented the initial depressant action of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg). In tolerant rats, the locomotor stimulant action of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) was prevented by mecamylamine (0.1, 0.32, 1.0 mg/kg s.c.) in a dose-related way; the quaternary ganglion blocker, hexamethonium (0.2, 1.0, 5.0 mg/kg s.c.) had little or no such effect. Neither mecamylamine nor hexamethonium altered activity when given alone. 4--It is suggested that a few treatments with nicotine can unmask a stimulant action of the drug, probably of central origin, which possibly reflects a stimulation of nicotine receptors.

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For nicotine, animal studies have shown that repeated intermittent injections of nicotine typically cause sensitization or enhancement of the drug's locomotor activating effects.
“For nicotine, animal studies have shown that repeated intermittent injections of nicotine typically cause sensitization or enhancement of the drug’s locomotor activating effects (L. K. Baker et al., 2013; Benwell & Balfour, 1992; Clarke & Kumar, 1983; Vezina, McGehee, & Green, 2007).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Clarke & Kumar, 1983

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Authors: Clarke, P. B. S., & Kumar, R.
ORCID: Clarke, P.B.S.
Kumar, R.
Venue: British Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1983-02
Volume: 78
Issue: 2
Pages: 329-337
ISSN: 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
1476-5381
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb09398.x
PMC: PMC2044704
OpenAlex: W2054668681
Cited by: 457
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 10761 d)
Locations: British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: nicotine, locomotor activity, nicotine tolerance, mecamylamine, hexamethonium, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, dose-dependent effects
MeSH terms: Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Tolerance, Hexamethonium Compounds, Humans, Male, Mecamylamine, Motor Activity, Nicotine, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Hexamethonium, Rats

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The effects of nicotine on locomotor activity in non‐tolerant and tolerant rats

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