Preexposure to amphetamine and nicotine predisposes rats to self-administer a low dose of cocaine
Abstract
The acquisition of low-dose (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) intravenous cocaine self-administration was measured in rats that had received nine daily injections of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, IP), nicotine (0.6 mg/kg base weight, SC) or vehicle. For control rats, the acquisition of self-administration was gradual with the number of responses per 2 h daily test session increasing between days 3 and 9. By comparison, rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine demonstrated elevated response means during the early days of testing, suggesting more rapid acquisition. All groups eventually reached similar asymptotic levels of responding. The enhanced responding observed during the early days of testing in the rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine was due to an increased number of subjects that reliably self-administered cocaine. Thus, the rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine seemed predisposed to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. In contrast to the self-administration data, preexposure to nicotine failed to sensitize rats to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine. In fact, the same preexposure regimen appeared to produce tolerance to this effect of cocaine. These data give evidence that different mechanisms may mediate sensitization to the reinforcing and locomotor activating effects of cocaine.
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Rats given nine daily injections of amphetamine or nicotine acquired cocaine self-administration much quicker than control animals.
“A study by Horger et al. found that rats given nine daily injections of amphetamine or nicotine, acquired cocaine self-administration much quicker than control animals (Casey, Benkelfat, Young, & Leyton, 2006; Horger et al., 1992; Munafò, Mannie, Cowen, Harmer, & McTavish, 2007)”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Horger et al., 1992
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“found that rats given nine daily injections of amphetamine or nicotine acquired cocaine self-administration much quicker than control animals (Casey, Benkelfat, Young, & Leyton, 2006; Horger et al., 1992; Munafò, Mannie, Cowen, Harmer, &McTavish, 2007), whereas Cortright et al.”
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- Authors
- Horger, B. A., Giles, M. K., & Schenk, S.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- ORCID
- Schenk, Susan
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1992-06
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 271-276
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2038733942
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA05548)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- cocaine self-administration, amphetamine, nicotine, cocaine sensitization, locomotor sensitization, cocaine tolerance, cocaine reinforcement
- MeSH terms
- Amphetamine, Animals, Cocaine, Conditioning, Operant, Male, Motor Activity, Nicotine, Rats, Inbred Strains, Self Administration, Rats
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