The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differences in Actual and Perceived Online Skills: The Role of Gender*
Abstract
Objective. The literature on gender and technology use finds that women and men differ significantly in their attitudes toward their technological abilities. Concurrently, existing work on science and math abilities of students suggests that such perceived differences do not always translate into actual disparities. We examine the yet‐neglected area concerning gender differences with respect to Internet‐use ability. In particular, we test how self‐perceived abilities are related to actual abilities and how these may differ by gender. Methods. We use new data on web‐use skill to test empirically whether there are differences in men's and women's abilities to navigate online content. We draw on a diverse sample of adult Internet users to investigate the questions raised. Results. Findings suggest that men and women do not differ greatly in their online abilities. However, we find that women's self‐assessed skill is significantly lower than that of men. Conclusions. Women's lower self‐assessment regarding their web‐use skills may affect significantly the extent of their online behavior and the types of uses to which they put the medium. We discuss the implications of these findings for social inequality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
Steele, C. M. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.6.613 · Cited by 6,770
Second-Level Digital Divide: Differences in People's Online Skills
Hargittai, E. (2002) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v7i4.942 · Cited by 1,951 · cited 1×
“Merely crossing the digital divide and using the web does not erase the possibilities for disparities in utilization of the Internet (Hargittai, 2002, 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self‐Assessments
Correll, S. J. (2001) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/321299 · Cited by 1,320
Gender, Internet and computer attitudes and experiences
Schumacher, P., & Morahan-Martin, J. (2001) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00032-7 · Cited by 592
Days and Nights on the Internet: The Impact of a Diffusing Technology
Howard, P. E. N., Rainie, L., & Jones, S. (2001) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027640121957259 · Cited by 258
Cited by
Digital Na(t)ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the “Net Generation”
Hargittai, E. (2010) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.2009.00317.x · Cited by 1,564
Self-citationWhose space? differences among users and non-users of social network sites
Hargittai, E. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x · Cited by 1,286
Self-citationMotivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media
Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012 · Cited by 1,259
Digital Inequality: Differences in Young Adults' Use of the Internet
Hargittai, E., & Hinnant, A. (2008) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650208321782 · Cited by 1,251
Self-citationDigital inequalities and why they matter
Robinson, L., Cotten, S. R., Ono, H., Quan-Haase, A., Mesch, G., Chen, W., Schulz, J., Hale, T. M., & Stern, M. J. (2015) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1012532 · Cited by 1,216
Revisiting gender differences: what we know and what lies ahead.
Meyers‐Levy, J., & Loken, B. (2015) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.06.003 · Cited by 614
Tufekci, Z. (2008) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180801999050 · Cited by 523
The Consequences of the Internet for Politics
Farrell, H. (2012) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-030810-110815 · Cited by 387
Haferkamp, N., Eimler, S. C., Papadakis, A.-M., & Kruck, J. V. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0151 · Cited by 378
Old Dogs, New Clicks: Digital Inequality in Skills and Uses among Older Adults
Hargittai, E., & Dobransky, K. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2017v42n2a3176 · Cited by 351
Self-citationDeterminants of 21st-century digital skills: A large-scale survey among working professionals
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.017 · Cited by 379
Gui, M., & Argentin, G. (2011) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444810389751 · Cited by 268
Hargittai, E., & Shaw, A. (2015) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2014.957711 · Cited by 257
Self-citationJohansson, S., Gulliksen, J., & Gustavsson, C. (2021) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00714-x · Cited by 224
Junior high school students' Internet usage and self-efficacy: A re-examination of the gender gap
Tsai, M.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.004 · Cited by 197
Predictors of digital competence in 7th grade: a multilevel analysis
Hatlevik, O. E., Ottestad, G., & Throndsen, I. (2015) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12065 · Cited by 178
Dick pics on blast: A woman’s resistance to online sexual harassment using humour, art and Instagram
Vitis, L., & Gilmour, F. (2017) · Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659016652445 · Cited by 153
Aesaert, K., van Nijlen, D., Vanderlinde, R., & van Braak, J. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.03.013 · Cited by 132
Helsper, E. J., & Whitty, M. T. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.02.006 · Cited by 98
Hohlfeld, T. N., Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Barron, A. E. (2013) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-013-9304-7 · Cited by 92
Allmann, K., & Blank, G. (2021) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2021.1874475 · Cited by 92
Juhaňák, L., Zounek, J., Záleská, K., Bárta, O., & Vlčková, K. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103614 · Cited by 79
Frye, N. E., & Dornisch, M. M. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.016 · Cited by 74
Reinwand, D. A., Schulz, D. N., Crutzen, R., Kremers, S. P., & de Vries, H. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3932 · Cited by 62
Voorveld, H. A. M., Meppelink, C. S., & Boerman, S. C. (2024) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2023.2264045 · Cited by 62
Division of digital labor: Partner support for technology use among older adults
Marler, W., & Hargittai, E. (2024) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211068437 · Cited by 56
Self-citationMa, S., & Chen, Z. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3468378 · Cited by 55
Basol, G., & Balgalmis, E. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.010 · Cited by 31
Online search for information about universities: a Hong Kong study
Wong, P., Lee, D., & M.L. Ng, P. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-12-2016-0268 · Cited by 30
Gender Differences in Children's Internet Use: Key findings from Europe
McQuillan, H., & Neill, B. O. (2009) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482790903233408 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Hargittai, E., & Shafer, S.
- Venue
- Social Science Quarterly
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-05-09
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 432-448
- ISSN
- 0038-4941 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-6237
- OpenAlex
- W2169991719
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 67.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.