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The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences
Open accessAbstract
Abstract: Organisms must adapt to the temporal characteristics of their surroundings to successfully survive and reproduce. Variation in the daily light cycle, for example, acts through endocrine and neurobiological mechanisms to control several downstream physiological and behavioral processes. Interruptions in normal circadian light cycles and the resulting disruption of normal melatonin rhythms cause widespread disruptive effects involving multiple body systems, the results of which can have serious medical consequences for individuals, as well as large‐scale ecological implications for populations. With the invention of electrical lights about a century ago, the temporal organization of the environment has been drastically altered for many species, including humans. In addition to the incidental exposure to light at night through light pollution, humans also engage in increasing amounts of shift‐work, resulting in repeated and often long‐term circadian disruption. The increasing prevalence of exposure to light at night has significant social, ecological, behavioral, and health consequences that are only now becoming apparent. This review addresses the complicated web of potential behavioral and physiological consequences resulting from exposure to light at night, as well as the large‐scale medical and ecological implications that may result.
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“New issues have been raised and expressed in 51 reviews (Longcore & Rich, 2004; Navara & Nelson, 2007; Hölker et al., 2010; Gaston et al., 2013, 52 2015) and opinions (Nadis, 2002; Smith, 2009) for the last 15 years.”
BackgroundHussein, A. A. A., Bloem, E., Fodor, I., Baz, E., Tadros, M. M., Soliman, M. F. M., El‐Shenawy, N. S., & Koene, J. M. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11824-7 · Cited by 36
Diamantopoulou, C., Christoforou, E., Dominoni, D. M., Kaiserli, E., Czyzewski, J., Mirzai, N., & Spatharis, S. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0525 · Cited by 34
“Indeed, the impact of ALAN on wildlife and ecosystems has received a lot of attention in the last two decades (D. Dominoni, Quetting, & Partecke, 2013; Gaston, Davies, Bennie, & Hopkins, 2012; Longcore & Rich, 2004; Navara & Nelson, 2007).”
BackgroundCavities shield birds from effects of artificial light at night on sleep
Raap, T., Pinxten, R., & Eens, M. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2174 · Cited by 34
“…(Duffy, Bennie, Duran, & Gaston, 2015; Gaston, 44 Bennie, Davies, & Hopkins, 2013; Hölker, Wolter, Perkin, & Tockner, 2010; Kyba & Hölker, 45 2013; Navara & Nelson, 2007; Rich & Longcore, 2005) since it results in a wide range of 46 physiological and behavioural responses (see e.g. Da Silva &…”
A Survey of Husbandry Practices for Lorisid Primates in North American Zoos and Related Facilities
Fuller, G., Kuhar, C. W., Dennis, P. M., & Lukas, K. E. (2013) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21049 · Cited by 74
Yang, Y., Jiang, J., Pan, J., Ying, Y. B., Wang, X., Zhang, M.-L., Lu, M., & Chen, X.-H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep19291 · Cited by 33
Benke, K. K., & Benke, K. (2012) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2012.702608 · Cited by 36
“( 2011 ), Navara and Nelson ( 2007 ), and Holzman ( 2010 , 2011).”
Aubé, M., & Roby, J. (2014) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.01.021 · Cited by 33
“It is only in the past decade that the multiple negative impacts of ALAN on fauna, flora and human health have been documented more intensively in the literature [1–3].”
BackgroundHonnen, A., Johnston, P. R., & Monaghan, M. T. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2336-0 · Cited by 32
“The addition of ALAN, whereby light of a different spectrum and intensity to natural light is present during naturally dark phases, has been demonstrated to affect metabolism [2, 3], behaviour [4] and circadian clock regulation [5–8] in numerous organisms.”
BackgroundLight pollution offshore: Zenithal sky glow measurements in the mediterranean coastal waters
Cros, X. G., Bará, S., García-Gil, M., Jaime Zamorano, G., Ribas, S. J., & Masana, E. (2018) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.02.014 · Cited by 32
Grunst, M. L., Raap, T., Grunst, A. S., Pinxten, R., & Eens, M. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.469 · Cited by 32
Switching LPS to LED Streetlight May Dramatically Reduce Activity and Foraging of Bats
Kerbiriou, C., Barré, K., Mariton, L., Pauwels, J., Zissis, G., Robert, A., & Viol, I. L. (2020) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d12040165 · Cited by 32
Becker, D. J., Singh, D., Pan, Q., Montoure, J. D., Talbott, K. M., Wanamaker, S., & Ketterson, E. D. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1831 · Cited by 32
“By altering animal circadian rhythms, ALAN can cause a suite of physiological changes relevant to infection [7].”
BackgroundForsburg, Z. R., Guzman, A., & Gabor, C. R. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116775 · Cited by 32
Environmental disruption of reproductive rhythms
Moralia, M.-A., Quignon, C., Simonneaux, M., & Simonneaux, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100990 · Cited by 35
Olsen, R. N., Gallaway, T., & Mitchell, D. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2013.774268 · Cited by 32
“Moreover, there is evidence that light pollution leads to an increased risk of breast cancer in women since the obtrusive light disturbs the production of melatonin which keeps people from falling into a deep sleep (Davis, Mirick, and Stevens 2001; Navara and Nelson 2007).”
BackgroundInsights into the impacts of four current environmental problems on flying birds
Dutta, H. (2017) · Energy Ecology and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40974-017-0075-6 · Cited by 33
“However, various characteristics of light have the potential to influence ecological and evolutionary processes (Navara and Nelson 2007; van Langevelde et al. 2011).”
BackgroundKumar, P., Ashawat, M. S., Pandit, V. R., & Sharma, D. K. (2019) · Current Environmental Engineering · doi:10.2174/2212717806666190619120211 · Cited by 33
Mapping behaviorally relevant light pollution levels to improve urban habitat planning
Schirmer, A. E., Gallemore, C. T., Liu, T., Magle, S. B., DiNello, E., Ahmed, H., & Gilday, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48118-z · Cited by 31
The clock is ticking. Ageing of the circadian system: From physiology to cell cycle
Terzibasi-Tozzini, E., Martínez-Nicolás, A., & Lucas-Sánchez, A. (2017) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.011 · Cited by 33
Impact of Exposure to Dim Light at Night on Sleep in Female and Comparison with Male Subjects
Cho, C., Yoon, H., Kang, S., Kim, L., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.03.17 · Cited by 31
Hou, Y., Wang, Y., Song, S., Zuo, Y., Zhang, H., Bai, C., Zhao, H., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113908 · Cited by 29
A multidimensional framework to quantify the effects of urbanization on avian breeding fitness
Chen, S., Liu, Y., Patrick, S. C., Goodale, E. B., Safran, R. J., & Pagani‐Núñez, E. (2023) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.10259 · Cited by 34
“Species with high physiological tolerance may build up resistance to circadian and metabolic disruption and abnormal oxidative stress in urban environments (Dominoni et al., 2013; Gaston et al., 2013; Navara & Nelson, 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Navara, K. J., & Nelson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Navara, Kristen J.
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-06-25
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-224
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W2111092972
- Cited by
- 795
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0416897)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-57535, R01MH057535, R01MH066144, MH-66144)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI055411)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- light at night, light pollution, circadian rhythm disruption, melatonin, circadian rhythm, shift work, health effects, ecological consequences, behavioral effects, physiological effects
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Clocks, Darkness, Disease, Ecology, Humans, Work, Oxidative Stress
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