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The developmental origins of chronic adult disease
Abstract
Low birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than the effects of premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of different physiological or morphological states in response to different environmental conditions during development. Recent observations have shown that impaired growth in infancy and rapid childhood weight gain exacerbate the effects of impaired prenatal growth. Coronary heart disease and the disorders related to it arise through a series of interactions between environmental influences and the pathways of development that preceded them. These diseases are the product of branching pathways of development in which the branchings are triggered by the environment before and after birth.
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BackgroundNo population left behind: Improving paediatric drug safety using informatics and systems biology
Giangreco, N., Elias, J. E., & Tatonetti, N. P. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14705 · Cited by 17
May, L. E., McDonald, S. M., Stewart, C., Newton, E. R., Isler, C. M., Steed, R. D., Sarno, L. A., Kelley, G. A., Chasan‐Taber, L., Kuehn, D., et al. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003227 · Cited by 17
Trajectories of brain and behaviour development in the womb, at birth and through infancy
Weiss, S. M., Aydin, E., Lloyd‐Fox, S., & Johnson, M. H. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01896-7 · Cited by 22
“The feedback loops of hormonal, metabolic and chemical exchange between maternal 95 , placental 96 and fetal 97 sources lead to developmental adaptations, referred to as ‘fetal programming’ 98 .”
Marconi, A. M., Ronzoni, S., Vailati, S., Bozzetti, P., Morabito, A., & Battaglia, F. C. (2008) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108327591 · Cited by 17
“Long-term effects of IUGR have been documented by data describing higher rates of adult-onset diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.(3) However, for the most part, these data are collected retrospectively and the terms IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used synonymously.”
Lahti, J. M. T., Räikkönen, K., Heinonen, K., Pesonen, A., Kajantie, E., Forsén, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D. J. P., & Eriksson, J. G. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.016 · Cited by 17
“While the mechanisms responsible for the long-term effects are not clearly understood, these have been suggested to involve genomic, epigenetic, and environmental factors (Barker, 2004; Weaver et al., 2004; Jirtle and Skinner, 2007).”
Lizárraga-Mollinedo, E., Fernández‐Millán, E., Martín, J. D. T., Martínez‐Honduvilla, C. J., Escrivá, F., & Álvarez, C. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2011 · Cited by 17
Lipotoxicity and the role of maternal nutrition
Pruis, M., van Ewijk, P. A., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., & Plösch, T. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12171 · Cited by 18
“This programming of the foetus to developmental conditions was also called ‘developmental programming’ (Lucas 1998, McMillen & Robinson 2005) or ‘developmental plasticity’ (Barker 2004), and leads to permanent changes in tissue structure and function.”
BackgroundThe Roles of Formaldehyde Exposure and Oxidative Stress in Fetal Growth in the Second Trimester
Amiri, A., & Turner‐Henson, A. (2016) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2016.08.007 · Cited by 17
Prenatal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Promotes Dyslipidemia in the Male Offspring Rats
Yu, S., Wen, Y., Li, J., Zhang, H., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00542 · Cited by 18
“…evidence has suggested that risk trajectories that cause adult CVD may already be present in the early postnatal period or at birth, and hyperlipidemia in early adulthood can increase long-term risks of coronary heart disease (Barker, 2004; Cleal et al., 2007; Navar-Boggan et al., 2015).”
BackgroundEffect of Birth Weight and Early Pregnancy BMI on Risk for Pregnancy Complications
Andraweera, P. H., Dekker, G., Leemaqz, S., McCowan, L. M. E., Myers, J., Kenny, L. C., Walker, J. J., Poston, L., & Roberts, C. T. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22375 · Cited by 17
“Those born small have a tendency to develop overweight/ obesity in adulthood (6).”
BackgroundLustig, R. H., & Weiss, R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141604090-3.50024-7 · Cited by 17
Caesar, G., Storey, K. M., Parmeley, L. E., & Schulz, L. C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244971 · Cited by 17
Tan, A., Sinclair, G. B., Mattman, A., Vallance, H. D., & Lamers, Y. (2021) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521000581 · Cited by 17
“increased risk of chronic disease and mortality as an adult (7,8) .”
BackgroundClifton, V. L., Davies, M. J., Moore, V., Wright, I. M. R., Ali, Z. H., & Hodyl, N. A. (2012) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2012/741613 · Cited by 17
Abdi, A. D., Olvera-Hernández, S., Reyes‐Castro, L. A., Mezo‐González, C. E., Croyal, M., García‐Santillán, J. A., Ouguerram, K., Zambrano, E., & Bolaños, F. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093075 · Cited by 17
Svigkou, A., Katsi, V. K., Kordalis, V., & Tsioufis, K. P. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105455 · Cited by 16
“He derived the Barker hypothesis, which was originally referred to as the “fetal origins of adult disease” and now is called the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis [53,54].”
BackgroundGreenwood, P. L., & Bell, A. W. (2014) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an14480 · Cited by 16
“This has arisen primarily out of epidemiological studies on humans and experiments on animals (mostly rodents) that demonstrate adverse consequences for adult health and well being due to stressors imposed during fetal life, resulting in the ‘Fetal Origins’ (Barker 2004) and ‘Thrifty Phenotype’ (Hales and Barker 2001)…”
Brickley, E. B., Wood, A., Kabyemela, E., Morrison, R., Kurtis, J. D., Fried, M., & Duffy, P. E. (2014) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu454 · Cited by 16
“adult diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and anxiety, and are linked to a range of physiological adaptations including modulation of the production and regulation of cytokines [18].”
BackgroundPetimar, J., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Hivert, M., Fleisch, A. F., Tiemeier, H. W., & Oken, E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228769 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, exposures during the prenatal and early postnatal periods may influence long-term chronic disease risk according to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis [14].”
BackgroundInfluence of maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy on fetal cardiac function and outflow
May, L. E., McDonald, S. M., Forbes, L. A., Jones, R., Newton, E. R., Strickland, D. M., Isler, C. M., Haven, K., Steed, R. D., Kelley, G. A., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100095 · Cited by 16
Complementary feeding and non communicable diseases: Current knowledge and future research needs
Poskitt, E. M. E., & Breda, J. (2012) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.08.005 · Cited by 16
“Thus early diet and nutrition may set in place growth patterns and metabolic pathways potentially capable of promoting risk factors for later NCD development [1].”
BackgroundSørensen, H. J., Gamborg, M., Sørensen, T., Baker, J. L., & Mortensen, E. L. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2425 · Cited by 16
“While pre- and postnatal suboptimal growth has convincingly been demonstrated to be associated with physical health risks such as cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes [1,2], another line of research suggests that suboptimal growth is also related to mental health including the risk of developing schizophrenia.”
BackgroundChin-Chan, M., Cobos-Puc, L. E., Alvarado-Cruz, I., Bayar, M., & Ermolaeva, M. (2019) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-019-01739-1 · Cited by 16
“According to the Barker hypothesis, stressful conditions during prenatal or early postnatal life may not have immediate physiological consequences but could manifest decades later during adulthood or aging [125].”
BackgroundMaternal asthma during pregnancy and fetal outcomes: potential mechanisms and possible solutions
Clifton, V. L. (2006) · Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1097/01.all.0000244788.28789.dd · Cited by 16
Saarela, J. M., & Finnäs, F. (2010) · Human Biology · doi:10.3378/027.082.0102 · Cited by 16
Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Brain Evolution
Crawford, M. A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470609880.ch2 · Cited by 16
Kruger, R., Kruger, H. S., Monyeki, M. A., Pienaar, A. E., Roux, S. B., Gafane-Matemane, L. F., Smith, W. T., Mels, C. M. C., Lammertyn, L., Brits, J. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002917 · Cited by 15
On the Health Impacts of Climatic Shocks: How Heatwaves Reduce Birthweight in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Andriano, L. (2023) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12583 · Cited by 18
“It is correlated with chronic diseases in adulthood, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, and diabetes (Jornayvaz et al. 2016; Barker 2004).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Barker, D.
- Affiliations
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Barker, DJP
- Venue
- Acta Paediatrica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- s446
- Pages
- 26-33
- ISSN
- 0365-1436 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-5253
- 1651-2227
- OpenAlex
- W2143230895
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 17.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Paediatrica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- developmental origins of health and disease, low birth weight, coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, developmental plasticity, fetal growth restriction, gestational age, child weight gain, environmental influences on development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male
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