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The developmental origins of chronic adult disease
Abstract
Low birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than the effects of premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of different physiological or morphological states in response to different environmental conditions during development. Recent observations have shown that impaired growth in infancy and rapid childhood weight gain exacerbate the effects of impaired prenatal growth. Coronary heart disease and the disorders related to it arise through a series of interactions between environmental influences and the pathways of development that preceded them. These diseases are the product of branching pathways of development in which the branchings are triggered by the environment before and after birth.
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“According to a variant of Barker hypothesis, excessive maternal body weight or weight gain during pregnancy disturbs the intrauterine environment during fetal development [2].”
BackgroundHPA axis programming by maternal undernutrition in the male rat offspring
Vieau, D., Sebaai, N., Léonhardt, M., Dutriez-Casteloot, I., Molendi‐Coste, O., Laborie, C., Breton, C., DELOOF, S., & Lésage, J. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.03.014 · Cited by 125
“Epidemiological studies suggest that babies born at term with low weight will develop with high prevalence several pathologies including type 2 diabetes and hypertension during the adult life (Barker, 2004).”
BackgroundPeri-conception parental obesity, reproductive health, and transgenerational impacts
Lane, M., Zander‐Fox, D., Robker, R. L., & McPherson, N. O. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.11.005 · Cited by 118
Kazemier, B. M., Buijs, P. E., Mignini, L. E., Limpens, J., de Groot, C. J. M., Mol, B. W., & CONNECT, E. (2014) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12896 · Cited by 116
Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Douglas, M. K., Pierce, J. U., Rosenkoetter, M. M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar‐Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J. L., Milstead, J. A., Nardi, D. A., & Purnell, L. D. (2011) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659611412965 · Cited by 115
Booij, L., Wang, D., Lévesque, M. L., Tremblay, R. E., & Szyf, M. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0251 · Cited by 122
Tan, J. M., Loganath, A., Chong, Y. S., & Obbard, J. P. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.045 · Cited by 115
Urinary biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in young children from Egypt and Guinea
Polychronaki, N., Wild, C. P., Mykkänen, H. M., Amra, H., Abdel-Wahhab, M. A., Sylla, A., Diallo, M. S., El-Nezami, H. S., & Turner, P. C. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.034 · Cited by 113
“Children are a particularly susceptible population to environmental hazards (Wild and Kleinjans, 2003) and there are strong links between growth and health of the fetus and infant, and disease risk in later life (Barker, 2004; Delisle, 2002; Firestone and Amler, 2003).”
BackgroundParadis, A. N., Gay, M. S., & Zhang, L. (2013) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.019 · Cited by 118
“The long-term implications of this adverse environment have been well established [8,14].”
BackgroundA longitudinal assessment of aflatoxin M1 excretion in breast milk of selected Egyptian mothers
Polychronaki, N., West, R. M., Turner, P. C., Amra, H., Abdel-Wahhab, M. A., Mykkänen, H. M., & El-Nezami, H. S. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.01.001 · Cited by 110
The Association of Maternal Age with Birthweight and Gestational Age: A Cross‐Cohort Comparison
Restrepo–Méndez, M. C., Lawlor, D. A., Horta, B. L., Matijasevich, A., Santos, I. S., Menezes, A. M. B., Barros, F. C., & Victora, C. G. (2014) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12162 · Cited by 105
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES: A POPULATION-BASED CANADIAN SAMPLE
Campbell, E. E., Gilliland, J., Dworatzek, P. D. N., de Vrijer, B., Penava, D., & Seabrook, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932017000062 · Cited by 106
“Later-life health consequences include type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (World Health Organization, 2014; Barker, 2004).”
BackgroundNomura, Y., WICKRAMARATNE, P. J., Pilowsky, D. J., Newcorn, J. H., Bruder-Costello, B., Davey, C., Fifer, W. P., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Weissman, M. M. (2007) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.04.005 · Cited by 103
“Barker's fetal origins hypothesis [6] also suggests a link between LBWand adult hypertension, stroke [7], and diabetes mellitus [8].”
BackgroundBreton, C., Lukaszewski, M., Risold, P., Enache, M., Guillemot, J., Rivière, G., Delahaye, F., Lésage, J., Dutriez-Casteloot, I., Laborie, C., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90740.2008 · Cited by 109
“This has led to the concept of the developmental origin of adult diseases, also called “fetal programming,” or the Barker hypothesis (4).”
BackgroundŞanlı, E., & Kabaran, S. (2019) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/1389202920666191030092225 · Cited by 104
Coan, P. M., Ferguson‐Smith, A. C., & Burton, G. J. (2005) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00488.x · Cited by 94
“The recent realization that the intrauterine environment has a profound effect on predisposition to chronic illness in adult life (Barker, 2004) has led to a resurgence of interest in placental development and function.”
BackgroundThe Interplay between DNA Methylation, Folate and Neurocognitive Development
Irwin, R. E., Pentieva, K. D., Cassidy, T., Lees‐Murdock, D. J., McLaughlin, M., Prasad, G., McNulty, H., & Walsh, C. P. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0003 · Cited by 98
Burggren, W. W., & Reyna, K. S. (2011) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2011.05.001 · Cited by 94
The developmental origins of adult disease
Joss‐Moore, L. A., & Lane, R. H. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e328326773b · Cited by 96
“The Developmental Origins of Adult Disease Hypothesis describes the origin of adult disease in terms of fetal developmental ‘plasticity’ or the ability of the fetus to respond to poor in-utero conditions [ 1 ].”
BackgroundBriana, D. D., & Malamitsi‐Puchner, A. (2017) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.019 · Cited by 91
Early immunological development and mortality from infectious disease in later life
Moore, S. E., Collinson, A. C., N’Gom, P. T., Aspinall, R., & Prentice, A. M. (2006) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2006503 · Cited by 90
“The past two decades has seen much research and debate focused on the long-term health consequences of early-life exposures, with poor early nutrition now considered as an important risk factor for a number of chronic degenerative diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes (Barker, 2004).”
BackgroundFranco, J. G., Lisboa, P. C., Lima, N. S., Amaral, T. A. S., Peixoto‐Silva, N., Resende, Â. C., OLIVEIRA, E. B. D., Passos, M. C. F., & de Moura, E. G. (2012) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.06.019 · Cited by 89
“Adverse conditions in critical periods (gestation and lactation) such as malnutrition could affect permanently the progeny in both humans and animals [1,2].”
BackgroundMorris, R. K., Malin, G. L., Robson, S. C., Kleijnen, J., Zamora, J., & Khan, K. S. (2010) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.7767 · Cited by 89
Ahmed, S. M., Hadi, A., Razzaque, A., Ashraf, A., Juvekar, S. K., Ng, N., Kanungsukkasem, U., Soonthornthada, K., Minh, H. V., & Bich, T. H. (2009) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1986 · Cited by 89
“life (16), intrauterine origin of chronic NCDs (17),”
Guo, P., Chen, Y., Wu, H., Zeng, J., Zeng, Z., Li, W., Zhang, Q., Huo, X., Feng, W., Lin, J., et al. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105410 · Cited by 87
Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women, Aged 20 to 44 Years, in the United States
Perak, A. M., Ning, H., Khan, S. S., Horn, L. V., Grobman, W. A., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015123 · Cited by 85
“Gestation is also increasingly recognized as a critical period for developmental programming of offspring CVD risk.(5,6) For example, maternal obesity in pregnancy has been associated with offspring CVD risk factors (adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, and insulin resistance), CVD events, and premature allcause mortali…”
BackgroundRobinson, D. L., Cafe, L. M., & Greenwood, P. L. (2012) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5799 · Cited by 85
Aaltonen, J., Ojala, T. H., Laitinen, K., Poussa, T. A., Ozanne, S. E., & Isolauri, E. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.225 · Cited by 85
“Evidence that overweight or obesity, heightened blood pressure and impaired glucose metabolism are programmed (Barker, 2004) by early nutrition points to fetal and early postnatal life as critical periods and intervention targets.”
BackgroundPredictors of low birth weight and preterm birth in rural Uganda: Findings from a birth cohort study
Bater, J., Lauer, J. M., Ghosh, S. A., Webb, P., Agaba, E., Bashaasha, B., Turyashemererwa, F., Shrestha, R., & Duggan, C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235626 · Cited by 84
“Finally, intrauterine programming and genetic modulation associated with LBW are postulated to increase risk of chronic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance later in life [12, 13].”
BackgroundWemakor, A., & Mensah, K. A. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3558-z · Cited by 87
“The consequences of childhood stunting include delayed neurological development, permanent cognitive impairment, weakened immune systems [2], and a susceptibility to chronic diseases in adulthood [3].”
BackgroundPeng, S., Deyssenroth, M. A., Narzo, A. F. D., Cheng, H. M., Zhang, Z., Lambertini, L., Ruusalepp, A., Kovacic, J. C., Björkegren, J., Marsit, C. J., et al. (2018) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007799 · Cited by 83
“The placenta, situated at the maternal-fetal interface, is a key organ for fetal growth and development; it performs a variety of functions including controlling fetal access to nutrients, hormone production, and mitigation of adverse effects from the environment [2,5,6].”
BackgroundClimate Change, Food Supply, and Dietary Guidelines
Binns, C. W., Lee, M. K., Maycock, B. R., Torheim, L. E., Nanishi, K., & Duong, D. T. T. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105044 · Cited by 91
Metadata
- Authors
- Barker, D.
- Affiliations
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Barker, DJP
- Venue
- Acta Paediatrica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- s446
- Pages
- 26-33
- ISSN
- 0365-1436 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-5253
- 1651-2227
- OpenAlex
- W2143230895
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 17.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Paediatrica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- developmental origins of health and disease, low birth weight, coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, developmental plasticity, fetal growth restriction, gestational age, child weight gain, environmental influences on development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male
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