ASH Position Paper: Dietary Approaches to Lower Blood Pressure

Appel, Lawrence J.; on Behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.x

Cited by 109Sodium Intake and HealthBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesNutritional Studies and Diet

ASH Position Paper: Dietary Approaches to Lower Blood Pressure

Open access

Appel, Lawrence J., on Behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group·2009·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension

DOI 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.xPMC PMC8673392

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

A substantial body of evidence has implicated several aspects of diet in the pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure (BP). Well‐established risk factors for elevated BP include excess salt intake, low potassium intake, excess weight, high alcohol consumption, and suboptimal dietary pattern. African Americans are especially sensitive to the BP‐raising effects of excess salt intake, insufficient potassium intake, and suboptimal diet. In this setting, dietary changes have the potential to substantially reduce racial disparities in BP and its consequences. In view of the age‐related rise in BP in both children and adults, the direct, progressive relationship of BP with cardiovascular‐renal diseases throughout the usual range of BP, and the worldwide epidemic of BP‐related disease, efforts to reduce BP in nonhypertensive as well as hypertensive individuals are warranted. In nonhypertensives, dietary changes can lower BP and delay, if not prevent, hypertension. In uncomplicated stage I hypertension, dietary changes serve as initial treatment before drug therapy. In hypertensive individuals already on drug therapy, lifestyle modifications can further lower BP. The current challenge is designing and implementing effective clinical and public health interventions that lead to sustained dietary changes among individuals and more broadly in the general population.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.x

Cites

121 of 121 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The DASH eating pattern is well established to reduce blood pressure, by 6.7/3.5 mm Hg in a recent meta-analysis.
“The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern is well established to reduce BP, by 6.7/3.5 mm Hg in a recent meta-analysis.174,175”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [174]
A reduced-sodium diet is well proven to decrease BP.
“A reduced-sodium diet is well proven to decrease BP.174,349”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [174]
Weight loss can lead to successful withdrawal of medications, thereby easing hypertension control.
“particularly in light of the fact that weight loss can lead to the successful withdrawal of medications, thereby easing hypertension control.174,348”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [174]
A DASH-style eating pattern, alcohol restriction to <10 g/d (women) and <20 g/d (men), and a variety of other dietary modifications can each yield significant reductions in BP among patients with hypertension.
“A DASH-style eating pattern,174,175 alcohol restriction to <10 g/d (women) and <20 g/d (men),162–165 and a variety of other dietary modifications174 can each yield significant reductions in BP among patients with hypertension.”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [174]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Magnesium Replacement Improves the Metabolic Profile in Obese and Pre-Diabetic Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A 3-Month, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,769 · see citing works
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure<SUBTITLE>The JNC 7 Report</SUBTITLE>
Chobanian, A. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · Cited by 25,386 · see citing works
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271 · see citing works
Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
(2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8 · Cited by 10,266 · see citing works
Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2008
Flegal, K. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2014 · Cited by 7,580 · see citing works
Intravenous Fluids and Acute Kidney Injury
Ding, X., Cheng, Z., & Qian, Q. (2017) · Blood Purification · doi:10.1159/000452702 · Cited by 6,866 · see citing works
Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000
Flegal, K. M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 · Cited by 6,190 · see citing works
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Vogt, T. M., Cutler, J. A., Windhauser, M. M., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704173361601 · Cited by 5,981 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet
Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Vollmer, W. M., Appel, L. J., Bray, G. A., Harsha, D., Obarzanek, E., Conlin, P. R., Miller, E. R., Simons-Morton, D. G., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200101043440101 · Cited by 5,638 · see citing works
Self-citation
Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data
Lopez, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. T., & Murray, C. J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68770-9 · Cited by 5,630 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,438 · see citing works
Prevalence of Hypertension in the US Adult Population: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991
Burt, V. L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E. J., Brown, C., Cutler, J. A., Higgins, M., Horan, M. J., & Labarthe, D. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.25.3.305 · Cited by 2,998 · see citing works
Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
Barker, D. J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., & Wadsworth, M. E. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6673.564 · Cited by 2,415 · see citing works
Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.
(1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319 · Cited by 2,213 · see citing works
Impact of High-Normal Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Vasan, R. S., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Evans, J. C., O’Donnell, C. J., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. A. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa003417 · Cited by 2,079 · see citing works
Blood Pressure and End-Stage Renal Disease in Men
Klag, M. J., Whelton, P. K., Randall, B. L., Neaton, J. D., Brancati, F. L., Ford, C. E., Shulman, N. B., & Stamler, J. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199601043340103 · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men
Vasan, R. S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S. S., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., D’Agostino, R. B., & Levy, D. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.8.1003 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Influence of Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Neter, J. E., Stam, B. E., Kok, F. J., Grobbee, D. E., & Geleijnse, J. M. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000094221.86888.ae · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Blood Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic, and Cardiovascular Risks
Stamler, J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.5.598 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Effects of Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification on Blood Pressure Control: Main Results of the PREMIER Clinical Trial
(2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.16.2083 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Appel, L. J., Brands, M. W., Daniels, S. R., Karanja, N., Elmer, P. J., & Sacks, F. M. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000202568.01167.b6 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intersalt: An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion
Rose, G. A., Stamler, J., Stamler, R., Elliott, P., Marmot, M. G., Pyörälä, K., Kesteloot, H., Joossens, J. V., Hansson, L. ‐., Mancia, G., et al. (1988) · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Sodium Reduction and Weight Loss in the Treatment of Hypertension in Older Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE)
Whelton, P. K., Appel, L. J., Espeland, M. A., Applegate, W. B., Ettinger, Jr., Kostis, J. B., Kumanyika, S., Lacy, C. R., Johnson, K. C., Folmar, S., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.11.839 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Self-citation
Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)
Cook, N. R., Cutler, J. A., Obarzanek, E., Buring, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Kumanyika, S. K., Appel, L. J., & Whelton, P. K. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Protein, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids: Results of the OmniHeart Randomized Trial
Appel, L. J., Sacks, F. M., Carey, V. J., Obarzanek, E., Swain, J. F., Miller, E. R., Conlin, P. R., Erlinger, T. P., Rosner, B. A., Laranjo, N. M., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2455 · Cited by 1,170 · see citing works
Self-citation
A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2009) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.144 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Effects of Oral Potassium on Blood Pressure
Whelton, P. K. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540440058033 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
Institute of Medicine (2005) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/10925 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.
Stamler, R., Nissinen, A. M., Uusitalo, U. M., Rose, G., Pietinen, P., & Stamler, J. (1988) · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Blood Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic, and Cardiovascular Risks: US Population Data
Stamler, J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410050036006 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates in United States Adults Between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004
Cutler, J. A., Sorlie, P. D., WOLZ, M. M., Thom, T., Fields, L. E., & Roccella, E. J. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.113357 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
The Burden of Adult Hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A Rising Tide
Fields, L. E., Burt, V. L., Cutler, J. A., Hughes, J., Roccella, E. J., & Sorlie, P. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000142248.54761.56 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Trends in Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents
Muntner, P. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.17.2107 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Long-Term Weight Loss and Changes in Blood Pressure: Results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II
Stevens, V. J., Obarzanek, E., Cook, N. R., Lee, I.-M., Appel, L. J., Smith West, D., Milas, N. C., Mattfeldt-Beman, M., Belden, L., Bragg, C., et al. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00007 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Self-citation
Alcohol Consumption and Blood Pressure
Klatsky, A. L., FRIEDMAN, G. D., SIEGELAUB, A. B., & Gérard, M. J. (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197705262962103 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2002) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001459 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Bao, W., Threefoot, S. A., Srinivasan, S., & Berenson, G. (1995) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00116-7 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Definitions and characteristics of sodium sensitivity and blood pressure resistance.
Weinberger, M. H., Miller, J. Z., Luft, F. C., Grim, C. E., & Fineberg, N. S. (1986) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.8.6_pt_2.ii127 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Effects of Alcohol Reduction on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Xin, X., He, J., Frontini, M. G., Ogden, L. G., Motsamai, O. I., & Whelton, P. K. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy1101.093424 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials
Geleijnse, J. M., Giltay, E. J., Grobbee, D. E., Donders, A. R. T., & Kok, F. J. (2002) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200208000-00010 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials.
Morris, M. C., Sacks, F. M., & ROSNER, B. A. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.2.523 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Body Weight, Weight Change, and Risk for Hypertension in Women
Huang, Z., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., ROSNER, B. A., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., & Colditz, G. A. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00001 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Effects of Weight Loss and Sodium Reduction Intervention on Blood Pressure and Hypertension Incidence in Overweight People With High-Normal Blood Pressure: The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440270105009 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Relative contributions of dietary sodium sources
Mattes, R. D., & Donnelly, D. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1991.10718167 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Effects of Diet and Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the DASH-Sodium Trial
Vollmer, W. M., Sacks, F. M., Ard, J. D., Appel, L. J., Bray, G. A., Simons‐Morton, D. G., Conlin, P. R., Svetkey, L. P., Erlinger, T. P., Moore, T. J., et al. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-12-200112180-00005 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension Among US Adults According to the New Joint National Committee Guidelines: New Challenges of the Old Problem
Wang, Y., & Wang, Q. J. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.19.2126 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Randomized Clinical Trial
Svetkey, L. P. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.3.285 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials
Whelton, S. P., Hyre, A. D., Pedersen, B., Yi, Y., Whelton, P. K., & He, J. (2005) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000160199.51158.cf · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials
Geleijnse, J. M., Kok, F. J., & Grobbee, D. E. (2003) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001575 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
The influence of dietary and nondietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure An updated metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials
Griffith, L. E. (1999) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00224-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Importance of Salt in Determining Blood Pressure in Children
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000245672.27270.4a · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Does supplementation of diet with 'fish oil' reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Appel, L. J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.12.1429 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differentiated long-term effects of intentional weight loss on diabetes and hypertension
Sjöström, C. D., Peltonen, M., Wedel, H., & Sjöström, L. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.20 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and humoral responses to extremes of sodium intake in normal black and white men.
Luft, F. C., Rankin, L. I., Bloch, R., Weyman, A. E., Willis, L. R., Murray, R. H., Grim, C. E., & Weinberger, M. H. (1979) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.60.3.697 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Does potassium supplementation lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of published trials
Cappuccio, F. P., & MacGregor, G. A. (1991) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199105000-00011 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Jee, S. H., Miller, E. R., Güallar, E., Singh, V. K., Appel, L. J., & Klag, M. J. (2002) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02964-3 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary Soy Has Both Beneficial and Potentially Adverse Cardiovascular Effects: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Men and Postmenopausal Women
Teede, H. J., Dalais, F. S., Kotsopoulos, D., Liang, Y., Davis, S. R., & McGrath, B. P. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.7.7645 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Normotensive Salt Sensitivity
Morris, R. C., Sebastián, A., Forman, A., Tanaka, M., & Schmidlin, O. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.1.18 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Effects of a Low–Glycemic Load Diet on Resting Energy Expenditure and Heart Disease Risk Factors During Weight Loss
Pereira, M. A. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.20.2482 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.6.657 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure
Allender, P. S., Cutler, J. A., Follmann, D., Cappuccio, F. P., Pryer, J. A., & Elliott, P. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00007 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplementation on Blood Pressure
Bucher, H. C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530370054031 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men
Chang, H., Hu, Y.-W., Yue, C.-S. J., Wen, Y., Yeh, W., Hsu, L.-S., Tsai, S.-Y., & Pan, W. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1289 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Does Supplementation of Diet With 'Fish Oil' Reduce Blood Pressure?
Appel, L. J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410120017003 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implications of the INTERSALT study.
Stamler, R. (1991) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.17.1_suppl.i16 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Olive Oil and Reduced Need for Antihypertensive Medications
Ferrara, L. A., Raimondi, A. S., d'Episcopo, L., Guida, L., Russo, A. D., & Marotta, T. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.6.837 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Descriptive Characteristics of the Dietary Patterns Used in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial
KARANJA, N. M., Obarzanek, E., Lin, P., McCullough, M. L., Phillips, K. M., SWAIN, J. F., Champagne, C. M., & HOBEN, K. P. (1999) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00412-5 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Effects of Reduced Sodium Intake on Hypertension Control in Older Individuals
Appel, L. J., Espeland, M. A., Easter, L. H., Wilson, A. C., Folmar, S. J., & Lacy, C. R. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.5.685 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary Therapy Slows the Return of Hypertension After Stopping Prolonged Medication
Langford, H. G. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03350290063027 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure
Margolis, K. L., Ray, R. M., Horn, L. V., Manson, J. E., Allison, M., Black, H. R., Beresford, S. A. A., Connelly, S. A., Curb, J. D., Grimm, R. H., et al. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.114991 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: a randomised controlled trial.
Margetts, B. M., Beilin, L. J., Vandongen, R., & Armstrong, B. K. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6560.1468 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Relationship to Blood Pressure of Combinations of Dietary Macronutrients
Stamler, J., Caggiula, A. W., Grandits, G., Kjelsberg, M. O., & Cutler, J. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.10.2417 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
A further subgroup analysis of the effects of the DASH diet and three dietary sodium levels on blood pressure: results of the DASH-Sodium Trial
Bray, G. A., Vollmer, W. M., Sacks, F. M., Obarzanek, E., Svetkey, L. P., & Appel, L. J. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.070 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citation
Weight Loss Intervention in Phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention
Stevens, V. J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410070039006 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Effect of Soybean Protein on Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
He, J., Gu, D., Wu, X., Chen, J., Duan, X., Chen, J., & Whelton, P. K. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-1-200507050-00004 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives
Burke, V., Hodgson, J. M., Beilin, L. J., Giangiulioi, N., Rogers, P., & Puddey, I. B. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy1001.092614 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Diet, blood pressure, and multicollinearity.
REED, D. M., McGee, D., Yano, K., & Hankin, J. H. (1985) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.7.3.405 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
BLOOD PRESSURE IN VEGETARIANS12
SACKS, F. M., ROSNER, B., & KASS, E. H. (1974) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112050 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality by Stroke Subtype in the United States, 1995-1998
Ayala, C. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.11.1057 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Plantago - viel mehr als nur ein Stuhlregulans
Bachmann, C. (2014) · Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Ganzheitsmedizin / Swiss Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1159/000362776 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Weight loss intervention in phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. The TOHP Collaborative Research Group
Stevens, V. J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.7.849 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Double-blind randomised trial of modest salt restriction in older people
Cappuccio, F. P., Markandu, N. D., Carney, C., Sagnella, G. A., & MacGregor, G. A. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)02264-2 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Blood Pressure
Obarzanek, E. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530440078040 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Eight-Year Blood Pressure Change in Middle-Aged Men
Stamler, J., Liu, K., Ruth, K. J., Pryer, J. A., & Greenland, P. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000016178.80811.d9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
BLOOD PRESSURE IN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST VEGETARIANS1
ARMSTRONG, B., VAN MERWYK, A. J., & COATES, H. (1977) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112403 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Low blood pressure in vegetarians: effects of specific foods and nutrients
Sacks, F. M., & Kass, E. H. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.3.795 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Effect of Dietary Fiber and Protein Intake on Blood Pressure: A Review of Epidemiologic Evidence
He, J., & Whelton, P. K. (1999) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641969909061008 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Effects on Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Lipid Levels of High-Monounsaturated Fat Diet Compared With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in NIDDM Subjects
Rasmussen, O., Thomsen, C., Hansen, K. W., Vesterlund, M., Winther, E., & Hermansen, K. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.12.1565 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Does supplementation of diet with 'fish oil' reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Appel, L. J., Miller, E. R., Seidler, A. J., & Whelton, P. K. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure
He, J., Streiffer, R. H., Muntner, P., Krousel-Wood, M. A., & Whelton, P. K. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200401000-00015 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Moderators of blood pressure development from childhood to adulthood: A 10-year longitudinal study
Dekkers, J. C., Snieder, H., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., & Treiber, F. A. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.128113 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Vitamin C and blood pressure–an overview
Ness, A., Chee, D., & Elliott, P. (1997) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000423 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Lack of Long-Term Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Blood Pressure
Kim, M. K., Sasaki, S., Sasazuki, S., Okubo, S., Hayashi, M., & Tsugane, S. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000038339.67450.60 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Diet and blood pressure in children and adolescents
Simons‐Morton, D. G., & Obarzanek, E. (1997) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s004670050271 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Dietary Phosphorus and Blood Pressure
Elliott, P., Kesteloot, H., Appel, L. J., Dyer, A. R., Ueshima, H., Chan, Q. M., Brown, I., Zhao, L., & Stamler, J. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.103747 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of high-carbohydrate or high-cis-monounsaturated fat diets on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of intervention trials
Shah, M., ADAMS-HUET, B. A., & Garg, A. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1251 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Determinants of black-white differences in the risk of cerebral infarction. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
Giles, W. H. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.155.12.1319 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Nonpharmacologic Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Mild Hypertension
Applegate, W. B., Miller, S. T., Elam, J. T., Cushman, W. C., El Derwi, D., Brewer, A., & Graney, M. J. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400180034005 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Determinants of Black-White Differences in the Risk of Cerebral Infarction
Giles, W. H. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430120109013 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Reducing the Public Health Burden From Elevated Blood Pressure Levels in the United States by Lowering Intake of Dietary Sodium
Havas, S., Roccella, E. J., & Lenfant, C. J. M. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.19 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Application of lower sodium intake recommendations to adults - United States, 1999-2006.
Ayala, C., Kuklina, E. V., Peralez, J., Keenan, N. L., & Labarthe, D. R. (2009) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2000
(2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e566752010-001 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Identifying children at high risk for the development of essential hypertension
Gillman, M. W., Cook, N. R., ROSNER, B. A., Evans, D. A., Keough, M. E., Taylor, J. O., & Hennekens, C. H. (1993) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(09)90005-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Short-term effects of various sugars on antinatriuresis and blood pressure changes in normotensive young men
Rebello, T., Hodges, R. E., & Smith, J. L. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.1.84 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Serum Uric Acid, Inorganic Phosphorus, and Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminase and Blood Pressure in Carbohydrate-Sensitive Adults Consuming Three Different Levels of Sucrose
Israel, K. D., Michaelis, O. E., Reiser, S., & Keeney, M. (1983) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000176714 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Dietary Fats and Blood Pressure
Morris, M. C. (1994) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/174182679400100105 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Determinants of black-white differences in the risk of cerebral infarction. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.
Giles, W. H., Kittner, S. J., Hebel, J. R., Losonczy, K. G., & Sherwin, R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Application of lower sodium intake recommendations to adults--United States, 1999-2006.
(2009) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Salt and Blood Pressure Responses to Calcium Antagonism in Hypertensive Patients
Weir, M. R., Hall, P. S., Behrens, M. T., & Flack, J. M. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.422 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The potential impact of nonpharmacologic population-wide blood pressure reduction on coronary heart disease events: pronounced benefits in African-Americans and hypertensives
Erlinger, T. P., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., & Appel, L. J. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00140-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Carbohydrates and Blood Pressure
Hodges, R. E., & REBELLO, T. (1983) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-838 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Dietary protein and blood pressure
Obarzanek, E. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.275.20.1598 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effect of age on the efficacy of blood pressure treatment strategies.
Klag, M. J., Whelton, P. K., & Appel, L. J. (1990) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.16.6.700 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary fats and blood pressure
Morris, M. C. (1994) · Journal of Cardiovascular Risk · doi:10.1097/00043798-199406000-00005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Blood pressure responses in healthy older people to 50 g carbohydrate drinks with differing glycaemic effects
Visvanathan, R., Chen, R., Horowitz, M., & Chapman, I. M. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041193 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
At the Tipping Point: Accomplishing Population‐Wide Sodium Reduction in the United States
Appel, L. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07227.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Global challenge for overcoming high blood pressure: Fukuoka Statement, 19 October 2006
Alderman, M. H., & Ogihara, T. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3280961a1f · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lifestyle Changes That Reduce Blood Pressure: Implementation in Clinical Practice.
Miller, E. R., Erlinger, T. P., Young, D. R., Prokopowicz, G. P., & Appel, L. J. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Correction
(2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.009850 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Editorial Commentary: BBs and Bullets
Appel, L. J., & Miller, E. R. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.37.2.268 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A, Forman A, et al. Normoten- sive salt sensitivity: Effects of race and dietary potas- sium. Hypertension. 1999;33:18-23.
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Die- tary Reference Intakes for Water, Potssium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: National Acad- emies Press; 2005.
Sacks FM, Rosner B, Kass EH. Blood pressure in vege- tarians. Am J Epidemiol. 1974;100:390-398.
Hodges RE, Rebello T. Carbohydrates and blood pres- sure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:838-841.

Sorted by citations

Hypertension.
Oparil, S., Acelajado, M. C., Bakris, G. L., Berlowitz, D. R., Cífková, R., Dominiczak, A. F., Grassi, G., Jordan, J., Poulter, N. R., Rodgers, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.14 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Carey, R. M., Calhoun, D. A., Bakris, G. L., Brook, R. D., Daugherty, S. L., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Egan, B. M., Flack, J. M., Gidding, S. S., Judd, E., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000084 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Miller, P. E., Elswyk, M. E. V., & Alexander, D. D. (2014) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu024 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension
Rust, P., & Ekmekçioğlu, C. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2016_147 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China
Du, S., Neiman, A. B., Batis, C., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., & Popkin, B. M. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.059121 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: Comparison with Captopril
Susalit, E., Agus, N., Effendi, I., Tjandrawinata, R. R., Nofiarny, D., Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, T., & Verbruggen, M. A. (2010) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.08.016 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Blood pressure lowering effect of lactotripeptides assumed as functional foods: a meta-analysis of current available clinical trials
Cicero, A. F. G., Gerocarni, B., Laghi, L., & Borghi, C. (2010) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.85 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The effect of drinking water salinity on blood pressure in young adults of coastal Bangladesh
Talukder, M. R., Rutherford, S., Phung, D. T., Islam, M. Z., & Chu, C. M.-Y. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.074 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications and factors associated for hypertensive patients attending chronic follow-up units of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Goshu, A. T., Mengistu, D., & Bulto, L. N. (2017) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s126382 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Child or Adolescent with Elevated Blood Pressure
Ingelfinger, J. R. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1001120 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
High sodium intake of children through ‘hidden’ food sources and its association with the Mediterranean diet: the GRECO study
Magriplis, E., Farajian, P., Pounis, G., Risvas, G., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Zampelas, A. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328345ef35 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Managing the side effects associated with commonly used treatments for bipolar depression.
Kemp, D. E. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(14)70007-2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hypertension and lifestyle modification: how useful are the guidelines?
Nicoll, R., & Henein, M. Y. (2010) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp10x544014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Marital Status, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Death Among African American Women and Men: Incidence and Prevalence in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Participants
Schwandt, H., Coresh, J., & Hindin, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x10365487 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Influence of coffee and caffeine consumption on atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients
Mattioli, A. V., Farinetti, A., Miloro, C., Pedrazzi, P., & Mattioli, G. (2010) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.11.003 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of a DASH-like diet containing lean beef on vascular health
Roussell, M. A., Hill, A. M., Gaugler, T. L., West, S., Ulbrecht, J. S., Heuvel, J. P. V., Gillies, P. J., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2014.34 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium
Preuss, H. G., & Clouatre, D. L. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch31 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The effect of complete replacing sodium with potassium, calcium, and magnesium brine on sodium‐free ultrafiltration Feta cheese at the end of the 60‐day ripening period: Physicochemical, proteolysis–lipolysis indices, microbial, colorimetric, and sensory evaluation
Zonoubi, R., & Goli, M. (2020) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.2050 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A spread containing bioactive milk peptides Ile–Pro–Pro and Val–Pro–Pro, and plant sterols has antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects
Turpeinen, A. M., Ikonen, M., Kivimäki, A. S., Kautiainen, H., Vapaatalo, H., & Korpela, R. (2012) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c2fo10286b · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Hypertension in the Elderly
Acelajado, M. C., & Oparil, S. (2009) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2009.06.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nutraceuticals and Blood Pressure Control: Results from Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses
Cicero, A. F. G., & Colletti, A. (2015) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-015-0081-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
What is resistant arterial hypertension?
Shalaeva, E. V., & Messerli, F. H. (2023) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037051.2023.2185457 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Evaluation of Bamboo Shoot Peptide Preparation with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Abilities from Byproducts of Canned Bamboo Shoots
Liu, L., Liu, L., Lu, B., Chen, M., & Zhang, Y. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf305064h · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sodium Reduction Is a Public Health Priority: Reflections on the Institute of Medicine's Report, Sodium Intake in Populations: Assessment of Evidence
Gunn, J. P., Barron, J. L., Bowman, B. A., Merritt, R. K., Cogswell, M. E., Angell, S. Y., Bauer, U. E., & Frieden, T. R. (2013) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpt143 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Evidence of Clinically Relevant Efficacy for Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals
Cicero, A. F. G., & Borghi, C. (2013) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0333-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Long-term effects of a protein-enriched diet on blood pressure in older women
Hodgson, J. M., Zhu, K., Lewis, J. R., Kerr, D. A., Meng, X., Solah, V. A., Devine, A., Binns, C. W., Woodman, R. J., & Prince, R. L. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511004740 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Characteristics and nutrient intake of Taiwanese elderly vegetarians: evidence from a national survey
Huang, C.-J., Fan, Y., Liu, J., & Tsai, P.-S. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511000195 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dietary Salt-Related Determinants of Hypertension in Rural Northern Thailand
Rusmevichientong, P., Morales, C., Castorena, G., Sapbamrer, R., Seesen, M., & Siviroj, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020377 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
When blood pressure refuses to budge: exploring the complexity of resistant hypertension
Champaneria, M. K., Patel, R., & Oroszi, T. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1211199 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Salt supplementation blunts the blood pressure response to telmisartan with or without hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes
Ekinci, E. I., Thomas, G., MacIsaac, R. J., Johnson, C., Houlihan, C., Panagiotopoulos, S., Premaratne, E., Hao, H., Finch, S. J., O'Callaghan, C. J., et al. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1711-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly
Chen, L., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., Whelton, P. K., & Appel, L. J. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303143 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hypertension in Haiti: The Challenge of Best Possible Practice
Kenerson, J. G. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12242 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
11β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and dietary acid load are independently associated with blood pressure in healthy children and adolescents
Krupp, D., Shi, L., Maser‐Gluth, C., Pietzarka, M., & Remer, T. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.047829 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
I Brazilian Position Paper on Prehypertension, White Coat Hypertension and Masked Hypertension: Diagnosis and Management
Alessi, A., Brandão, A. A., de Paiva, A. M. G., Nogueira, A. D. R., Feitosa, A. D. M., Gonzaga, C. C., Amodeo, C., Mion, D., de Souza, D. D. S. M., Barbosa, E. C. D., et al. (2014) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20140011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hemodynamic Effects of Lactotripeptides from Casein Hydrolysate in Mediterranean Normotensive Subjects and Patients with High-Normal Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Clinical Trial
Cicero, A. F. G., Rosticci, M., Veronesi, M., Bacchelli, S., Strocchi, E., Melegari, C., Grandi, E., & Borghi, C. (2010) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.0253 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Development of the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report: Perspectives from a Registered Dietitian
Horn, L. V. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.08.018 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Childhood serum cholesterol ester fatty acids are associated with blood pressure 27 y later in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Kaikkonen, J., Jula, A., Mikkilä, V., Viikari, J. S. A., Moilanen, T. P. S., Nikkari, T., Kähönen, M. A. P., Lehtimäki, T. J., & Raitakari, O. T. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.030387 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Possible Role of Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Rivellese, A. A., Ciciola, P., Costabile, G., Vetrani, C., & Vitale, M. (2019) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-019-00309-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Resistant Hypertension Updated Guidelines
Chernova, I., & Krishnan, N. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1209-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-management approaches among hypertensive residents in nursing homes in Malaysia.
Wei, T., & Omar, M. S. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Role of Diets, Food, and Nutrients in the Prevention and Control of Hypertension and Prehypertension
Slimko, M. L., & Mensah, G. A. (2010) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2010.08.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Principales conclusiones del Consenso Argentino de Hipertensión Arterial
Delucchi, A., Marin, M., Paez, O. B., Bendersky, M., & Rodríguez, P. (2019) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/j.hipert.2019.01.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Advances in Controlled Drug Release Systems: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Park, K. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design · doi:10.51847/m708a2qw3b · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Impact of public health initiatives on acute coronary syndrome fatality rates in Portugal
Abreu, D., Sousa, P. J. D. S., Dias, C. M., & Pinto, F. J. (2020) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2019.05.010 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Primary hypertension and special aspects of hypertension in older children and adolescents
Ellis, D., & Miyashita (2011) · Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s11715 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sodium, chloride, and potassium
Preuss, H. G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66162-1.00028-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Body adiposity indices are associated with hypertension in a black, urban Free State community
Lategan, R., den Berg, V. L. V., & Walsh, C. M. (2014) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.581 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Vitamin D status, hypertension and body mass index in an urban black community in Mangaung, South Africa
Lategan, R., den Berg, V. L. V., Ilich, J. Z., & Walsh, C. M. (2016) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1210 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Predictors of the Short-Term Effect of Isoleucine–Proline–Proline/Valine–Proline–Proline Lactotripeptides from Casein on Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Subjects with Pharmacologically Untreated High-Normal Blood Pressure or First-Degree Hypertension
Cicero, A. F. G., Rosticci, M., Ferroni, A., Bacchelli, S., Veronesi, M., Strocchi, E., & Borghi, C. (2012) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2012.681731 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Health and Transition From Controlled Blood Pressure to Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension
Akinyelure, O. P., Sakhuja, S., Colvin, C. L., Clark, D. M., Jaeger, B. C., Hardy, S. T., Howard, G., COHEN, L. P., Irvin, M. R., Tanner, R. M., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15890 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK DAN DIASTOLIK PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Lebalado, L. P., & Mulyati, T. (2014) · Journal of Nutrition College · doi:10.14710/jnc.v3i3.6602 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Asupan Protein dan Kalium Berhubungan dengan Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi Rawat Jalan (Protein and Potassium Intake Related to Decreased Blood Pressure in Outclinic Hypertensive Patients)
Kusumastuty, I., Widyani, D., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2016) · Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition · doi:10.21776/ub.ijhn.2016.003.01.3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review of Controlled Drug Release Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions
Swarnalatha, K. M., Iswariya, V. T., Akash, B., Bhandari, S., Shirisha, R., & Ramarao, T. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research · doi:10.51847/d6pncgcouf · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Urinary sodium‐to‐potassium ratio and body mass index in relation to high blood pressure in a national health survey in Chile
Valentino, G., Hernández, C., Tagle, R., Orellana, L., Adasme, M., Baraona, F., Navarrete, C., & Mónica Acevedo, B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13904 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hypertonie und Ernährung
Dorner, T. E., Genser, D., Krejs, G. J., Slany, J., Watschinger, B., Ekmekçioğlu, C., & Rieder, A. (2012) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-012-3613-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nonpharmacological Management of Resistant Hypertension
Sabbahi, A., Severin, R. S., Laddu, D., Sharman, J. E., Arena, R. A., & Ozemek, C. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01601-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Meal Patterns and Food Choices of Young African-American Men: Understanding Eating within the Context of Daily Life
Savoca, M. R., Martine, T. L., Morton, T. B., Johnson, L. T., Bell, N. M., Aronson, R. E., & Wallace, D. C. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Variation in Hypertension Control by Race and Ethnicity, and Geography in US Veterans
Lind, K. E., Wong, M. S., Frochen, S., Yuan, A. H., & Washington, D. L. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.035682 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dietary quality and adequacy among Aboriginal alcohol consumers in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Rittmueller, S. E., Corriveau, A., & Sharma, S. (2012) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.3402/ijch.v71i0.17341 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Obesity masks the relationship between dietary salt intake and blood pressure in people of African ancestry: the impact of obesity on the relationship between sodium and blood pressure
Maseko, M. J., Mashao, M. M., Bawa-Allah, A., Phukubje, E., Mlambo, B., & Nyundu, T. (2018) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2018-011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nutrition and lifestyle in patients pharmacologically treated due to hypertensionally treated due to hypertension.
Jarosz, M., Wolańska, D., Stolińska, H., Respondek, W., & Kłosiewicz−Latoszek, L. (2013) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2016.0049 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors After an Employer-Based Risk Reduction Program: An Observational Cohort Study
Holben, D. H., Rambo, C. N., Howe, C. A., Murray, D. H., & Shubrook, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2017.088 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Are there any interactions between modified Nordic-style diet score and MC4R polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women? A cross-sectional study
Hosseininasab, D., Mirzababaei, A., Abaj, F., Firoozi, R., Clark, C. C. T., & Mirzaei, K. (2022) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01132-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey – The OTAP2009 study. IV. Macroelement intake of the Hungarian population
Martos, É., Bakacs, M., Sarkadi‐Nagy, E., Ráczkevy, T., Zentai, A., Baldauf, Z. B., Illés, É., & Lugasi, A. (2012) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/oh.2012.29378 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Differences in dietary quality and adequacy by smoking status among a Canadian Aboriginal population
Rittmueller, S. E., Corriveau, A., & Sharma, S. (2012) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.02.013 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Management of the Hypertensive Child
Ellis, D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_63 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Critical appraisal of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil fixed-dose combination in achieving blood pressure goals
BASILE, J. N. (2010) · Integrated Blood Pressure Control · doi:10.2147/ibpc.s9691 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial en la mujer adulta
Tagle, R., Mónica Acevedo, B., & Valdés, G. (2013) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872013000200014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Management of Diabetes and Hypertension within the Gulf Region: Updates on Treatment Practices and Therapies
Hassanein, M. M., Akbar, M. A. J., Alshamiri, M. Q., Amir, A., Amod, A., Chudleigh, R. A., Elhadd, T. A., Heshmat, H., Jibani, M. M., & Saleh, Y. M. A. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01282-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Serum Cotinine Levels and Prehypertension in Never Smokers
Alshaarawy, O., Xiao, J., Andrew, M. E., Burchfiel, C. M., & Shankar, A. (2013) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2013/284524 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Analyzing Blood Pressure Ascent during Aging in Non-Diabetics: Focusing on Links to Insulin Resistance and Body Fat Mass
Preuss, H. G., Kaats, G. R., Mrvichin, N., & Bagchi, D. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.1875339 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS MENTIMUN DAN TOMAT TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PEREMPUAN OVERWEIGHT DAN OBESITAS
Ilma, A. D., & Wirawanni, Y. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition College · doi:10.14710/jnc.v4i3.10094 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dietary adequacy and dietary quality of Inuit in the Canadian Arctic who smoke and the potential implications for chronic disease
Rittmueller, S. E., Roache, C., & Sharma, S. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011003521 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Table salt (sodium chloride): vital aspects of metabolism and blood pressure regulation in health and disease
Preuss, H. G., Bagchi, M., & Bagchi, D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816918-6.00019-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Anthropometric measures of obesity-their association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension across ethnic groups
Nyamdorj, R. (2010) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impact of public health initiatives on acute coronary syndrome fatality rates in Portugal
Abreu, D., Sousa, P. J. D. S., Dias, C. M., & Pinto, F. J. (2020) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.repce.2019.05.027 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meals served to hypertensive and cardiac inpatients in Jordan: comparison with WHO and NIH dietary guidelines
Bawadi, H. A., Banks, A., Tayyem, R., & Khoury, C. F. E. (2016) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2016.22.1.28 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION (DASH) TO CONTROL RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Khan, S. A., Hafeez, A., Sikander, S., Khan, A. W., & Yasmin, R. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Public Health · doi:10.32413/pjph.v9i4.437 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Non-adherence in Hypertension Management Deficit in Information or Trust?
Retta, T. M., Kwagyn, J., & Randall, O. S. (2016) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2016.09.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
American Association of Heart Failure Nurses Best Practices paper: Literature synthesis and guideline review for dietary sodium restriction
Reilly, C. M., Anderson, K. M., Baas, L. S., Johnson, E., Lennie, T. A., Lewis, C. M., & Prasun, M. A. (2015) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.03.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fiber and Hypertension
Dreher, M. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50557-2_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN PROTEIN, LEMAK, KALIUM DAN MAGNESIUM DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK DAN DIASTOLIK LANJUT USIA
Aria Menad, M., & Kusumastuti, A. C. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition College · doi:10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18792 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effect of Pumpkin Seed Flour (Cucurbita Moschata) on Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Rats (Rattus novergicus L)
Risal, A. F., Syam, A., Indriasari, R., Hadju, V., Zulkifli, A., & Zainal, Z. (2023) · Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal · doi:10.13005/bpj/2633 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Determinants of Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients Attending a Rural Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Oseni, T. I. A., Emonriken, A., Ahmed, S., & Dic‐Ijiewere, M. O. (2023) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_1678_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Salt Intake on Blood Pressure in Banovici Coal Mine Workers
Bećarević, M., Salihefendić, N., & Zildžić, M. (2014) · Materia Socio Medica · doi:10.5455/msm.2014.26.385-388 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Performance of Hypertension Management Behaviors by Older Adults in Georgia Senior Centers
Allen, M., Fischer, J. G., & Johnson, M. A. (2012) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.275 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Therapeutic Approaches to Cardio-Protection in Hypertension
Parra, D., & Hough, A. R. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0457-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Severe Hypertensive Episode Associated With Excess Licorice Consumption
Rachman‐Elbaum, S., & Johnson, T. W. (2014) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/01.tin.0000445900.05642.od · Cited by 1 · see citing works
hYGIENIC ChARACTERISTIC Of wORKING CONDITIONS AND PREVALENCE Of ARTERIAL hYPERTENSION
Maksimov, S. A., Artamonova, G. V., & State, F. (2014) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Engeli, S., & Jordan, J. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429199189-44 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Analysis of associations between genetic markers of erythrocytes of ав0, Rh, mn, P, kell blood group systems and arterial hypertension at the Altai Republic population
Ogargov, M. U., Mulerova, T. A., Filimonov, S. N., Лузина, Ф. А., & Онищенко, Е. Г. (2012) · Systemic Hypertension · doi:10.26442/sg28948 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The impact of low-salt bread as a simple diet on hypertensive patients with cardiovascular comorbidities
Berrichi, M., Berrichi, M., Bey-Omar, N. A., Ferouani, W., & Haddouche, M. (2022) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060221138176 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Clinical Investigation of Valsartan Sustained-Release Matrix Tablets: Formulation Design and Performance Evaluation
Medarametla, R. T., Gopaiah, K. V., Kumar, J. N. S., Sai, A. K., Chari, G. M., Kiran, A. K., Naik, B. K., & Rani, K. S. (2024) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27500 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
THE PREDICTION OF HYPERTENSION IN MINERS
Mulerova, T. A., Ogarkov, M. Y., Maksimov, S. A., Скрипченко, А. Е., & Artamonova, G. V. (2014) · Bulletin of Siberian Medicine · doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2014-3-46-50 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association of ACE Gene Polymorphism with Hypertension and Metabolic Risk Factors among Indigenous People of the Northern Territory of Yakutia
Sofronova, S. I., Kirillina, M. P., Nikolaev, V. M., Kononova, S., Sidorova, O. G., & Romanova, A. N. (2019) · International Journal of Biomedicine · doi:10.21103/article9(2)_oa3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
HUBUNGAN JENIS MAKANAN DAN TEKANAN DARAH WANITA DEWASA HIPERTENSI
Batmaro, R. K., Hondo, F., & Malinti, E. (2019) · Nutrix Journal · doi:10.37771/nj.vol3.iss2.403 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Salt intake in a sample of adult population of Novi Sad
Popović, M. B. (2013) · doi:10.2298/ns20130426popovic · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: A scientific statement from the american heart association.
Manolis, A. J. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.734299250.793571584 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ADHERENCIA A LA RESTRICCIÓN DIETÉTICA DE SODIO EN PACIENTES CON HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL ESENCIAL
Torrent, M. C., Arriva, S., Gentiletti, G., Buffarini, R., & Molinas, J. L. (2013) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Causes of Resistant Hypertension
Schmieder, R. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5415-8_7

Authors: Appel, L. J., & on Behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Appel, Lawrence J.
ORCID: Appel, Lawrence J.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-06-29
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
Pages: 358-368
ISSN: 1524-6175 (ISSN-L)
1751-7176
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.x
PMC: PMC8673392
OpenAlex: W2035054318
Cited by: 109
References: 121
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 10.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: salt intake, potassium intake, African Americans, hypertension prevention, stage 1 hypertension, lifestyle modification, alcohol consumption, overweight, dietary habits, cardiovascular-renal disease, public health interventions
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Animals, Blood Pressure, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Humans, Hypertension, Potassium, Diet, Vegetarian, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

ASH Position Paper: Dietary Approaches to Lower Blood Pressure

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks