Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 health crisis in Spain
Open accessAbstract
Aims and objectives: To evaluate compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) health crisis in Spain. Background: Spain has been one of the countries hardest hit by the health crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals have had to deal with traumatic and complex situations in the work context. In these particularly stressful situations, many professionals may develop CF or BO, which puts them at risk for mental health problems. Design: Cross‐sectional online survey. Methods: A total of 506 healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses) who were working in healthcare centres during the COVID‐19 pandemic participated. CF, CS and BO were assessed with the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire, and perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale‐14. Socio‐demographic and occupational variables were also analysed. Data were collected during the period of the highest incidence of cases and highest mortality rates due to COVID‐19 in Spain. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies. Results: Physicians had higher CF and BO scores, while nurses had higher CS scores. Perceived stress scores were similar in both occupations. Professionals working in specific COVID‐19 units and in emergency departments had higher CF and BO scores, while levels of CS and perceived stress were similar regardless of the workplace. Relevance to clinical practice: Despite the health crisis situation and its implications for healthcare professionals, the levels of CF and BO have remained moderate/high. However, CS seems to be increasing, especially among nurses, possibly due to their motivation to relieve suffering and due to their perceived social recognition. It is necessary to implement interventions that help improve CS and prevent BO and CF among professionals in the long term.
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The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased stress, distress, and burnout across the health and social care workforce, including palliative care.
“The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased stress, distress, and burnout across the health and social care workforce,9–12 including palliative care13–16 and exacerbated the need for healthcare staff support internationally.13–17”
From Feasibility of RESTORE: An online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention to improve palliative care staff wellbeing. (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Ruiz‐Fernández, M. D., Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Cabrera‐Troya, J., Carmona‐Rega, M. I., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine University of Almería Almería Spain
- Universidad de Huelva (ES)
- Andalusian Health Service (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ramos‐Pichardo, Juan Diego
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-15
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 21-22
- Pages
- 4321-4330
- ISSN
- 0962-1067 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2702
- OpenAlex
- W3080319133
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 37.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva (Universidad de Huelva) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva (Universidad de Huelva) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministry of Health (AP‐0100‐2016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, perceived stress, healthcare workers, COVID-19 pandemic, physicians, nurses, occupational stress, emergency department, COVID-19 units, professional quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Compassion Fatigue, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spain, Pandemics
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