The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak
Open accessAbstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. Based on the large number of infected people that were exposed to the wet animal market in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted health service delivery due to lockdown policies, overwhelmed health-care systems and exhausted health-care providers.
“The current COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted health service delivery due to lockdown policies, overwhelmed health-care systems and exhausted health-care providers among other effects, such as exacerbation of poverty.”
From A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (2022) · cites this paper as [262]
The Future directions section discusses transmission-control measures, including travel screening, and protecting health-care providers. It does not address disruption of health service delivery, lockdown policies, overwhelmed health-care systems, or exhausted providers; searches for those terms and paraphrases found no supporting passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCOVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, and the virus is transferable from human to human with high infection factors.
“The COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus called ‘SARS-CoV-2’. This virus is transferable from human to human and it’s spreading, and infection factors are very high [1], [2].”
From A survey on deep transfer learning to edge computing for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Byrareddy, Siddappa N.
- Venue
- Journal of Autoimmunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 109
- Pages
- 102433
- ISSN
- 0896-8411 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7127067
- OpenAlex
- W3008874180
- Cited by
- 5,840
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 301 · 2023: 612 · 2022: 1022 · 2021: 1761 · 2020: 1983 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 176.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Autoimmunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, pathogenesis, zoonotic origin, human-to-human transmission, phylogenetic analysis, epidemic control, transmission prevention, vulnerable populations
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Humans, Phylogeny, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Zoonoses, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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