The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction in Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review of the Literature Published during the First Year of the Pandemic
Open accessAbstract
This literature review aimed to determine the level of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction, as well as their associated risks and protective factors, in healthcare professionals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 2858 records obtained from the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 76 in this review. The main results we found showed an increase in the rate of burnout, dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and compassion fatigue; a reduction in personal accomplishment; and levels of compassion satisfaction similar to those before the pandemic. The main risk factors associated with burnout were anxiety, depression, and insomnia, along with some sociodemographic variables such as being a woman or a nurse or working directly with COVID-19 patients. Comparable results were found for compassion fatigue, but information regarding compassion satisfaction was lacking. The main protective factors were resilience and social support.
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The burden of burnout appears to have peaked during the most demanding periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.
“This burden appears to have peaked during the most demanding periods of the COVID-19 pandemic”
From What do we really know about addressing burnout among healthcare workers? Maybe less than we think (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion (section 4; page unavailable) reports that burnout worsened during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic levels. The Results (section 3; page unavailable) also report higher burnout among frontline workers in most studies, but neither passage establishes that burnout peaked during the most demanding periods. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBurnout in the healthcare field was already a long-standing issue before the COVID-19 pandemic.
“although burnout in the healthcare field was already a long-standing issue before the pandemic.6,7”
From What do we really know about addressing burnout among healthcare workers? Maybe less than we think (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
A systematic review of research published in the first year of the pandemic found evidence for increased levels of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and compassion fatigue among health care workers, with nurses, women and those working directly with COVID-19 patients most impacted.
“A systematic review of research published in the first year of the pandemic found evidence for increased levels of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and compassion fatigue among health care workers, with nurses, women and those working directly with COVID‐19 patients most impacted.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [820]
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Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic
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Rajkumar, R. P. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066 · Cited by 3,574 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Figley, C. R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10090 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
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Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113129 · Cited by 713 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Author and Year Aims Country Sample Results Barello et al. (2020b) [43] To report work-related psychological pressure, emotional exhaustion, and somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in Italy.”
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“Finally, compassion satisfaction was only studied in four (5%) of the studies included in this current review [45,62,91,95] and the ProQOOL-5 questionnaire [23] was used to assess this factor in all these studies.”
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Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Ricci-Cabello, I., Fraile-Navarro, D., Fiol-deRoque, M. A., Pastor-Moreno, G., Castro, A., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Zamanillo Campos, R., & Gonçalves-Bradley, D. C. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.034 · Cited by 592 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although several systematic reviews have recently been published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals [4,30,31], very few of them specifically included dimensions of professional quality of life such as burnout [32–35], only one considered indirect trauma [36] and, to…”
BackgroundChen, R., Sun, C., Chen, J., Jen, H., Kang, X. L., Kao, C., & Chou, K. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12796 · Cited by 554 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(2020a) [47] To assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the associated risk factors.”
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“Liu et al. (2020) [7] To find out factors related to job burnoutin Chinese health workers.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBride, B. E., Radey, M., & Figley, C. R. (2007) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-007-0091-7 · Cited by 544 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, more and more academics and clinicians have pointed out that burnout alone is insufficient to explain the emotional problems presented by practitioners in general healthcare contexts [13,14] or in the field of palliative care, in particular [15,16].”
BackgroundHeath, C., Sommerfield, A., & von Ungern-Sternberg, B. S. (2020) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15180 · Cited by 538 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, the first two risk factors have already been recorded elsewhere in the literature [111,119].”
BackgroundThe psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: A cross-sectional study
Giusti, E. M., Pedroli, E., D'Aniello, G. E., Stramba Badiale, C., Pietrabissa, G., Manna, C., Stramba Badiale, M., Riva, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684 · Cited by 533 · cited 16× · see citing works
“India n = 1117 Physicians: 1667 Nurses: 198 Administration staff: 90 Paramedics (dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, etc.): 43 Others: 28 Men: 55% Women: 45% Burnout (CBI): The mean scores were as follows: personal exhaustion: M = 49.72 ± 18.68; work exhaustion: M = 39.69 ± 20.43; and exhaustion related to the…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWu, Y., Wang, J., Luo, C.-G., Hu, S., Lin, X., Anderson, A. E., Bruera, E., Yang, X.-X., Wei, S., & Qian, Y. (2020) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Ruiz‐Fernández, M. D., Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Cabrera‐Troya, J., Carmona‐Rega, M. I., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15469 · Cited by 514 · cited 4× · see citing works
“In terms of the workplace, the results were also contradictory; some research indicated that health workers on the frontline against COVID-19 suffered less burnout [58,104], while the majority found higher burnout scores among these same health workers [40,63,69,72,93,95,101,106,109].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRaudenská, J., Šteinerová, V., Javůrková, A., Urits, I., Kaye, A. D., Viswanath, O., & Varrassi, G. (2020) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.07.008 · Cited by 463 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For example, the review by Sharifi et al. [35] on burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic only included 12 studies; Chew et al. considered 23 studies evaluating emotional exhaustion and other variables; and Amanullah and Ramesh [32] only included five articles.”
BackgroundBuselli, R., Corsi, M., Baldanzi, S., Chiumiento, M., Lupo, E. D., Dell’Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Massimetti, G., Dell’Osso, L., Cristaudo, A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176180 · Cited by 442 · cited 6× · see citing works
“[118] implemented in emergency nurses before the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that healthcare professionals had high scores for compassion fatigue [17,44,45,91,95,101], although other studies [38] have reported medium levels for this factor.”
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Burton, A., Burgess, C., Dean, S., Koutsopoulou, G. Z., & Hugh‐Jones, S. (2017) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2673 · Cited by 412 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The academic literature from the past few decades has revealed that health professionals are especially vulnerable to burnout because their work context is characterized by high-risk decisions, dealing with the public, and expectations of compassion and sensitivity [12].”
BackgroundMatsuo, T., Kobayashi, D., Taki, F., Sakamoto, F., Uehara, Y., Mori, N., & Fukui, T. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17271 · Cited by 404 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Manzano-García and Ayala-Calvo (2020) [83] To study whether the perception of threat generated by the COVID-19 pandemic explained burnout in nurses, and its moderating effect on the influence of resources and demands on burnout.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExposure to COVID-19 patients increases physician trainee stress and burnout
Kannampallil, T. G., Goss, C. W., Evanoff, B. A., Strickland, J. R., McAlister, R. P., & Duncan, J. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237301 · Cited by 389 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Protective factors, or those whose presence was related to lower levels of burnout, included resilience and social support [70], and quality of life [46].”
BackgroundSymptoms of burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak
Azoulay, É., Waele, J. J. D., Ferrer, R., Staudinger, T., Borkowska, M., Póvoa, P. M. S. R., Iliopoulou, K., Artigas, A., Schaller, S. J., Shankar‐Hari, M., et al. (2020) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00722-3 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Trumello, C., Bramanti, S. M., Ballarotto, G., Candelori, C., Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S., Crudele, M., Lombardi, L., Pignataro, S., Viceconti, M. L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228358 · Cited by 379 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Author and Year Aims Country Sample Results Trumello et al. (2020) [101] To analyze the psychological adjustment of Italian healthcare professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and professional quality of life.”
BackgroundMethodMurat, M., Köse, S., & Şavaşer, S. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12818 · Cited by 369 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(2020) [85] To assess the prevalence of burnout among frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan based on job categories and other factors.”
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“very heterogeneous prevalences ranging from 0% to 80% [117], the levels of burnout in the studies we considered were more homogeneous, ranging from 30% to 60% [39,43,55,71].”
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“The risk factors, or those that showed a positive relationship with burnout, were anxiety and depression [82,106,108], insomnia [96,106], and moral damage [106].”
BackgroundInfluentialSansó, N., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., Pascual, A., Sinclair, S., & Benito, E. (2015) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.013 · Cited by 330 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, more and more academics and clinicians have pointed out that burnout alone is insufficient to explain the emotional problems presented by practitioners in general healthcare contexts [13,14] or in the field of palliative care, in particular [15,16].”
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“The most-examined country was the United States of America, with 15 studies [38,49,50,52,56,65,72,73,75,81,86,92,94,104,109].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBurnout in the intensive care unit professionals
Chuang, C.-H., Tseng, P., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, K., & Chen, Y. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000005629 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic
Dimitriu, M. C. T., Pantea-Stoian, A., Smaranda, A. C., Nica, A. A., Carap, A. C., Constantin, V. D., Davitoiu, A. M., Cirstoveanu, C., Bacalbasa, N., Bratu, O. G., et al. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109972 · Cited by 319 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Work stress also influenced burnout [69] and the lack of personal protective equipment affected emotional exhaustion [39,57].”
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“Khasne et al. (2020) [76] To study the prevalence of burnout dueto the COVID-19 pandemic in India.”
BackgroundCompassion fatigue in healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cavanagh, N., Cockett, G., Heinrich, C., Doig, L., Fiest, K., Guichon, J. R., Page, S., Mitchell, I., & Doig, C. J. (2020) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/0969733019889400 · Cited by 307 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[113], in which 88% of the articles they examined evaluated exhaustion, while compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction was considered only in 21% and 5% of the cases, respectively.”
BackgroundBurnout and Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tan, B. Y., Kanneganti, A., Lim, L. J. H., Tan, M., Chua, Y. X., Tan, L. F., Sia, C., Denning, M., Goh, E. T., Purkayastha, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.035 · Cited by 280 · cited 6× · see citing works
“(2020) [98] To analyze the effect of psychosocial risks and emotional intelligence on burnout.”
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“In this sense, a large body of recent evidence now suggests that many healthcare professionals are suffering from compassion fatigue [17,18].”
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Amanullah, S., & Ramesh Shankar, R. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040421 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Duarte, I., Teixeira, A., Castro, L., Marina, S., Ribeiro, C. S. M. F., Jácome, C. I. O., Martins, V., Ribeiro‐Vaz, I., Pinheiro, H. C., Silva, A. R., et al. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z · Cited by 263 · cited 6× · see citing works
“United States of America n = 583 Health professionals: Contact with COVID-19 patients: 277 No contact with COVID-19 patients: 129 Men: 25 Women: 396 Burnout (MBI), compassion fatigue (OFER-15), insomnia (PFI), post-traumatic stress (SPRINT), and psychological distress (PHQ-4): Burnout: emotional exhaustion: M = 32.21…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZhang, Y., Wang, C., Pan, W., Zheng, J., Gao, J., Huang, X., Cai, S., Zhai, Y., Latour, J. M., & Zhu, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520 · Cited by 259 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Zhang et al. (2020) [107] To identify stressors and burnout in frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and Shanghai, and explore the perceived and effective moral support strategies.”
BackgroundSagherian, K., Steege, L. M. B., Cobb, S. J., & Cho, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15566 · Cited by 254 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Author and Year Aims Country Sample Results Sagherian et al. (2020) [91] To know the prevalence of insomnia, fatigue, and psychological well-being (exhaustion, post-traumatic stress, and psychological distress), and examine the differences in these measures based on the working characteristics of…”
BackgroundTraumatic Stress in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Immediate Impact
Benfante, A., Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., & Castelli, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569935 · Cited by 237 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[35] on burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic only included 12 studies; Chew et al.”
BackgroundThe threat of COVID‐19 and its influence on nursing staff burnout
García, G. M., & Calvo, J. C. A. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14642 · Cited by 224 · cited 10× · see citing works
“The instruments most used to assess these variables were the ProQOL-5 [45,62,66,81,91,95,101] and STSS [17,97,102].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVagni, M., Maiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912 · Cited by 223 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Burnout (OLBI): The occupational stress (p = 0.006) and burnout (p = 0.002) scores in the exposure group were significantly higher than in the non-exposure group.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDobson, H., Malpas, C. B., Burrell, A. J. C., Gurvich, C., Chen, L., Kulkarni, J., & Winton‐Brown, T. (2020) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856220965045 · Cited by 204 · cited 9× · see citing works
“United States of America n = 583 Health professionals: Contact with COVID-19 patients: 277 No contact with COVID-19 patients: 129 Men: 25 Women: 396 Burnout (MBI), compassion fatigue (OFER-15), insomnia (PFI), post-traumatic stress (SPRINT), and psychological distress (PHQ-4): Burnout: emotional exhaustion: M = 32.21…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialÇelmeçe, N., & Menekay, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597624 · Cited by 199 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Author and Year Aims Country Sample Results Çelmeçe and Menekay (2020) [46] To determine the effect of the levels of stress, anxiety, and exhaustion on the quality of life of health professionals who actively worked in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundDinçer, B., & İnangil, D. (2020) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.012 · Cited by 195 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In terms of the workplace, the results were also contradictory; some research indicated that health workers on the frontline against COVID-19 suffered less burnout [58,104], while the majority found higher burnout scores among these same health workers [40,63,69,72,93,95,101,106,109].”
BackgroundResultYörük, S., & Güler, D. S. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12659 · Cited by 192 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Other authors developed an ad-hoc questionnaire [94,103] or used instruments such as the CBI [49,63,66,67,76], OLBI [53,65,69,100], ProQOL [45,62], PFI [61,72,109] or CESQT [83,98].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic’s Effect on Critical Care Resources and Health-Care Providers
Wahlster, S., Sharma, M., Lewis, A. K., Patel, P. V., Hartog, C. S., Jannotta, G. E., Blissitt, P. A., Kross, E. K., Kassebaum, N. J., Greer, D. M., et al. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Jose, S., Dhandapani, M., & Cyriac, M. C. (2020) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23667 · Cited by 188 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Burnout (OLBI): The occupational stress (p = 0.006) and burnout (p = 0.002) scores in the exposure group were significantly higher than in the non-exposure group.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBlanco‐Donoso, L. M., Moreno‐Jiménez, J. E., Amutio, A., Gallego‐Alberto, L., Jiménez, B. M., & Garrosa, E. (2020) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464820964153 · Cited by 184 · cited 5× · see citing works
“(2020b) [43] To report work-related psychological pressure, emotional exhaustion, and somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in Italy.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChen, J., Liu, X., Wang, D., Jin, Y., He, M., Ma, Y., Zhao, X., Song, S., Zhang, L., Xiang, X., et al. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1 · Cited by 176 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Çelmeçe and Menekay (2020) [46] To determine the effect of the levels of stress, anxiety, and exhaustion on the quality of life of health professionals who actively worked in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundSharifi, M., Asadi‐Pooya, A. A., & Mousavi‐Roknabadi, R. S. (2021) · Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1004 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Rodriguez, R. M., Medak, A. J., Baumann, B. M., Lim, S. C., Chinnock, B. F., Frazier, R., & Cooper, R. J. (2020) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14065 · Cited by 169 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The most-examined country was the United States of America, with 15 studies [38,49,50,52,56,65,72,73,75,81,86,92,94,104,109].”
BackgroundLizano, E. L. (2015) · Human Services Organizations Management Leadership & Governance · doi:10.1080/23303131.2015.1014122 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Civantos, A. M., Byrnes, Y. M., Chang, C., Prasad, A., Chorath, K. T., Poonia, S. K., Jenks, C. M., Bur, A. M., Thakkar, P., Graboyes, E. M., et al. (2020) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.26292 · Cited by 162 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Civantos et al. (2020b) [51] To assess the symptoms of exhaustion, anxiety, distress, and depression in the participants.”
BackgroundInfluentialKoh, M. Y. H., Chong, P. H., Neo, P. S. H., Ong, Y. J., Yong, W. C., Ong, W. Y., Shen, M. L. J., & Hum, A. Y. M. (2015) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216315575850 · Cited by 159 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Compassion satisfaction occurs when exposure to traumatic and distress-related events produces satisfaction [24] derived from the pleasure of helping others [22] and providing a means to alleviate suffering [24].”
BackgroundMonte, C. D., Monaco, S., Mariani, R., & Trani, M. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567201 · Cited by 157 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Author and Year Aims Country Sample Results Di Monte et al. (2020) [57] To explore the relationships between the dimensions of exhaustion and various psychological characteristics in Italian primary care physicians during the COVID-19 emergency.”
BackgroundPrevalence, Risk Factors, and Levels of Burnout Among Oncology Nurses: A Systematic Review
Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Aneas-López, A. B., Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., Albendín‐García, L., Díaz‐Rodríguez, L., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2016) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/16.onf.e104-e120 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Impact of Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Nurses in Pakistan
Khattak, S. R., Saeed, I., Rehman, S. U., & Fayaz, M. (2021) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2020.1814580 · Cited by 150 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Some studies indicated high scores as a consequence of the pandemic on the personal accomplishment subscale [75,78], although these were lower in other studies [7,39,52,60,84].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIran, I., & Iran, I. (2020) · Investigación y Educación en Enfermería · doi:10.17533/udea.iee.v38n2e03 · Cited by 144 · cited 11× · see citing works
“India n = 1117 Physicians: 1667 Nurses: 198 Administration staff: 90 Paramedics (dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, etc.): 43 Others: 28 Men: 55% Women: 45% Burnout (CBI): The mean scores were as follows: personal exhaustion: M = 49.72 ± 18.68; work exhaustion: M = 39.69 ± 20.43; and exhaustion related to the…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBurnout amongst emergency healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-center study
Chor, W. P. D., Ng, W. M., Cheng, L. T. W., Situ, W., Chong, J. W., Ng, L. Y. A., Mok, P. L., Yau, Y. W., & Lin, Z. (2020) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.040 · Cited by 140 · cited 6× · see citing works
“[48] included the largest number of participants (12,596 people), while the smallest study cohort was limited to 80 participants [59].”
BackgroundInfluentialLópez, J. Á. M., Lázaro-Pérez, C., Galán, J. G., & Martínez, M. D. M. F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093029 · Cited by 136 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Spain n = 1422 health workers Men: 194 Women: 1228 Burnout (MBI-HHS), TEPT (IES-R), anxiety and depression (HADS), and resilience (BRS): Emotional exhaustion: 584 (41”
BackgroundInfluentialFactors Associated with Burnout Among Physicians: An Evaluation During a Period of COVID-19 Pandemic
Dinibutun, S. R. (2020) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s270440 · Cited by 134 · cited 4× · see citing works
“[48] included the largest number of participants (12,596 people), while the smallest study cohort was limited to 80 participants [59].”
BackgroundInfluentialColeman, J. R., Abdelsattar, J. M., Glocker, R. J., Carmichael, H., Vigneshwar, N., Ryan, R., Qiu, Q., Nayyar, A., Visenio, M. R., Sonntag, C. C., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.09.026 · Cited by 128 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(2020b) [51] To assess the symptoms of exhaustion, anxiety, distress, and depression in the participants.”
BackgroundNg, K. Y. Y., Zhou, S., Tan, S. H., Ishak, N. D. B., Goh, Z. Z. S., Chua, Z. Y., Chia, J. M. X., Chew, E. L., Shwe, T. T., Mok, J. K. Y., et al. (2020) · JCO Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/go.20.00374 · Cited by 117 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Ng et al. (2020) [88] To assess the prevalence of burnout in oncological health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundMoral injury in health-care workers during COVID-19 pandemic.
Litam, S. D. A., & Balkin, R. S. (2020) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000290 · Cited by 115 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[79] found that following a coping strategies program resulted in lower levels of burnout among healthcare professionals.”
BackgroundArpacıoğlu, S., Gurler, M., & Çakıroğlu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020940742 · Cited by 103 · cited 12× · see citing works
“The instruments most used to assess these variables were the ProQOL-5 [45,62,66,81,91,95,101] and STSS [17,97,102].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGarcía‐Iglesias, J. J., Gómez-Salgado, J. C., Martín-Pereira, J., Fagundo-Rivera, J., Ayuso-Murillo, D., Riera, J. R. M., & Ruíz-Frutos, C. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Elhadi, M., Msherghi, A. A. A., Elgzairi, M., Alhashimi, A., Bouhuwaish, A. E. M., Biala, M. I., Abuelmeda, S., Khel, S., Khaled, A., Alsoufi, A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579563 · Cited by 102 · cited 16× · see citing works
“The levels of compassion satisfaction were generally medium or high [62], and were similar to those from before the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialOrtega‐Campos, E., Vargas-Román, K., Velando‐Soriano, A., Suleiman‐Martos, N., la Fuente, G. A. C., Albendín‐García, L., & Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12010072 · Cited by 101 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Specifically, in many of the studies [7,39,43,52,63,64,71,88], the scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization exceeded the medium–high levels obtained in pre-pandemic reviews [111,114,115].”
ResultKhalafallah, A. M., Lam, S., Gami, A., Dornbos, D. L., Sivakumar, W., Johnson, J. N., & Mukherjee, D. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.08.012 · Cited by 101 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Khalafallah et al. (2020a) [74] Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow, burnout, and career satisfaction of neurosurgery residents in the US.”
BackgroundInfluentialBurnout levels and sleep quality of COVID‐19 heroes
Sayılan, A. A., Kulakaç, N., & Uzun, S. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12678 · Cited by 101 · cited 4× · see citing works
“(2020) [94] To assess the levels of anxiety and exhaustion, changes in life, changes at home, and measures to relieve the stress of emergency physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCompassion fatigue in critical care nurses
Alharbi, J. N., Jackson, D. W., & Usher, K. J. (2019) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2019.11.24569 · Cited by 99 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The concept of compassion fatigue was first introduced by Joinson [19] to characterize a state of reduced capacity for compassion as a consequence of exhaustion caused by contact with the suffering of others [20].”
BackgroundPsychotherapists’ vicarious traumatization during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Doorn, K. A., Békés, V., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000868 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Correia, I. F., & Almeida, A. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566139 · Cited by 91 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Some studies indicated high scores as a consequence of the pandemic on the personal accomplishment subscale [75,78], although these were lower in other studies [7,39,52,60,84].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCOVID-19 Outbreak Can Change the Job Burnout in Health Care Professionals
Liu, X., Chen, J., Wang, D., Li, X., Wang, E., Jin, Y., Ma, Y., Yu, C. J., Luo, C., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563781 · Cited by 88 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Liu et al. (2020) [7] To find out factors related to job burnoutin Chinese health workers.”
BackgroundAbdelhafiz, A. S., Ali, A. M. M., Ziady, H. H., Maaly, A. M., Alorabi, M., & Sultan, E. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.590190 · Cited by 87 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Abdelhafiz et al. (2020) [39] To assess the prevalence of burnout in Egyptian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and study the associated risk factors and possible consequences.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSystematic Review of Burnout Risk Factors among European Healthcare Professionals
Bria, M., Băban, A., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2012) · Cognitie, Creier, Comportament · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Koenig, H. G., Yan, T., Jing, W., Mu, S., Liu, H., & Guangtian, L. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02954-w · Cited by 83 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The risk factors, or those that showed a positive relationship with burnout, were anxiety and depression [82,106,108], insomnia [96,106], and moral damage [106].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSantamaría, M. D., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Redondo, I., Gorrotxategi, M. P., & Jaureguizar, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606121 · Cited by 81 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Some studies indicated high scores as a consequence of the pandemic on the personal accomplishment subscale [75,78], although these were lower in other studies [7,39,52,60,84].”
BackgroundResultde Wit, K., Mercuri, M., Wallner, C., Clayton, N., Archambault, P. M., Ritchie, K., Gérin‐Lajoie, C., Gray, S. H., Schwartz, L. J., & Chan, T. M. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.12225 · Cited by 79 · cited 4× · see citing works
“De Wit et al. (2020) [56] To report on burnout and describe the psychological effects of working as a Canadian emergency physician during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundInfluentialKotera, Y., Ozaki, A., Miyatake, H., Tsunetoshi, C., Nishikawa, Y., & Tanimoto, T. E. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01514-z · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Lázaro-Pérez, C., López, J. Á. M., Galán, J. G., & Menéses, E. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165938 · Cited by 78 · cited 10× · see citing works
“India n = 1117 Physicians: 1667 Nurses: 198 Administration staff: 90 Paramedics (dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, etc.): 43 Others: 28 Men: 55% Women: 45% Burnout (CBI): The mean scores were as follows: personal exhaustion: M = 49.72 ± 18.68; work exhaustion: M = 39.69 ± 20.43; and exhaustion related to the…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMental health among head and neck surgeons in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national study
Civantos, A. M., Bertelli, A. A. T., Gonçalves, A. J., Getzen, E. J., Chang, C., Long, Q., & Rajasekaran, K. (2020) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102694 · Cited by 78 · cited 12× · see citing works
“India n = 1117 Physicians: 1667 Nurses: 198 Administration staff: 90 Paramedics (dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, etc.): 43 Others: 28 Men: 55% Women: 45% Burnout (CBI): The mean scores were as follows: personal exhaustion: M = 49.72 ± 18.68; work exhaustion: M = 39.69 ± 20.43; and exhaustion related to the…”
InfluentialBurnout and career satisfaction among attending neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic
Khalafallah, A. M., Lam, S., Gami, A., Dornbos, D., Sivakumar, W., Johnson, J. N., & Mukherjee, D. R. (2020) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106193 · Cited by 78 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Khalafallah et al. (2020a) [74] Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow, burnout, and career satisfaction of neurosurgery residents in the US.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialOsama, M., Zaheer, F., Saeed, H., Anees, K., Jawed, Q., Syed, S. H., & Sheikh, B. A. (2020) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.06.004 · Cited by 76 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(2020) [87] To determine levels of stress, depression, and burnout among frontline nurses.”
BackgroundCravero, A., Kim, N. J., Feld, L. D., Berry, K., Rabiee, A., Bazarbashi, N., Bassin, S. R., Lee, T.-H., Moon, A. M., Qi, X., et al. (2020) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138789 · Cited by 72 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Burnout (OLBI): The occupational stress (p = 0.006) and burnout (p = 0.002) scores in the exposure group were significantly higher than in the non-exposure group.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChew, Q. H., Wei, K., Vasoo, S. S., & Sim, K. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20r13450 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[120] found that preventive strategies, self-care, organizational justice, and having individual and organizational preventive strategies were protective factors against the development of emotional exhaustion.”
BackgroundLange, M., Joo, S., Couette, P.-A., Jaegher, S. D., Joly, F., & Humbert, X. (2020) · Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises · doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2020.09.002 · Cited by 64 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Spain n = 1422 health workers Men: 194 Women: 1228 Burnout (MBI-HHS), TEPT (IES-R), anxiety and depression (HADS), and resilience (BRS): Emotional exhaustion: 584 (41”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBarello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02179 · Cited by 63 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(2020) [42] Document the prevalence of mental health outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak.”
BackgroundDemartini, B., Nisticò, V., D’Agostino, A., Priori, A., & Gambini, O. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.561345 · Cited by 63 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The number of patients attended to also appeared to influence the level of exhaustion: the more COVID-19 patients seen by the participants, the higher their levels of exhaustion [54].”
BackgroundInfluentialSurgeon Burnout: Defining, Identifying, and Addressing the New Reality
Senturk, J., & Melnitchouk, N. (2019) · Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1692709 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Galli, F., Pozzi, G., Ruggiero, F., Mameli, F., Cavicchioli, M., Barbieri, S., Canevini, M. P., Priori, A., Pravettoni, G., Sani, G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568664 · Cited by 61 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Although several systematic reviews have recently been published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals [4,30,31], very few of them specifically included dimensions of professional quality of life such as burnout [32–35], only one considered indirect trauma [36] and, to…”
BackgroundFranza, F., Basta, R., Pellegrino, F., Solomita, B., & Fasano, V. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kelker, H. P., Yoder, K., Musey, P. I., Harris, M., Johnson, O., Sarmiento, E. J., Vyas, P. K., Henderson, B., Adams, Z. W., & Welch, J. L. (2021) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-021-00425-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Early Impact of the Covid-19 Emergency on Mental Health Workers: A Survey in Lombardy, Italy
Rapisarda, F., Vallarino, M., Cavallini, E., Barbato, A., Brousseau‐Paradis, C., Benedictis, L. D., & LESAGE, A. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228615 · Cited by 57 · cited 18× · see citing works
“The instruments most used to assess these variables were the ProQOL-5 [45,62,66,81,91,95,101] and STSS [17,97,102].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGaliana, L., Sansó, N., Muñoz-Martínez, I., Vidal‐Blanco, G., Oliver, A., & Larkin, P. J. (2021) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.004 · Cited by 57 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, more and more academics and clinicians have pointed out that burnout alone is insufficient to explain the emotional problems presented by practitioners in general healthcare contexts [13,14] or in the field of palliative care, in particular [15,16].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHaj, M. E., Allain, P., Annweiler, C., Boutoleau‐Bretonnière, C., Chapelet, G., Gallouj, K., Kapogiannis, D., Roche, J., & Boudoukha, A. H. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201029 · Cited by 49 · cited 12× · see citing works
“India n = 1117 Physicians: 1667 Nurses: 198 Administration staff: 90 Paramedics (dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, etc.): 43 Others: 28 Men: 55% Women: 45% Burnout (CBI): The mean scores were as follows: personal exhaustion: M = 49.72 ± 18.68; work exhaustion: M = 39.69 ± 20.43; and exhaustion related to the…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Park, S. Y., Kim, B., Jung, D. S., Jung, S., Oh, W. S., Kim, S., Peck, K. R., & Chang, H. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09886-w · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Aebischer, O., Weilenmann, S., Gachoud, D., Méan, M., & Spiller, T. R. (2020) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20418 · Cited by 47 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Spain n = 1422 health workers Men: 194 Women: 1228 Burnout (MBI-HHS), TEPT (IES-R), anxiety and depression (HADS), and resilience (BRS): Emotional exhaustion: 584 (41”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSansó, N., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., Tomás-Salvá, M., & Vidal‐Blanco, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124366 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effect of COVID-19 on Interventional Pain Management Practices: A Physician Burnout Survey
Soin, A. (2020) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2020/23/s271 · Cited by 46 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(2020) [40] To compare the physical and psychological health of Swiss medical students involved in the COVID-19 response with that of their non-involved peers.”
BackgroundResultPrasad, A., Civantos, A. M., Byrnes, Y. M., Chorath, K. T., Poonia, S. K., Chang, C., Graboyes, E. M., Bur, A. M., Thakkar, P., Deng, J., et al. (2020) · OTO Open · doi:10.1177/2473974x20948835 · Cited by 42 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Spain n = 1422 health workers Men: 194 Women: 1228 Burnout (MBI-HHS), TEPT (IES-R), anxiety and depression (HADS), and resilience (BRS): Emotional exhaustion: 584 (41”
BackgroundInfluentialSecoșan, I., Vîrgă, D., Crăiniceanu, Z. P., & Bratu, T. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10110164 · Cited by 38 · cited 15× · see citing works
“Secosan et al. (2020) [97] To identify the mediating effect of insomnia and exhaustion on secondary trauma and mental health in frontline health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSamaniego-Pinho, A., Alfonso Urzúa, M., Bernal, M. B., & Vera-Villarroel, P. (2020) · Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology · doi:10.30849/ripijp.v54i1.1298 · Cited by 34 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(2020) [89] To measure the positive and negative impacts of the pandemic on surgical residency programs and on the lives of surgical residents.”
BackgroundResilience and Burnout Resources in Respiratory Care Departments
Miller, A. G., Roberts, K. J., Hinkson, C. R., Davis, G., Strickland, S. L., & Rehder, K. J. (2020) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.08440 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Exploring anxiety levels in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: Turkey sample
Şahin, C. U., & Kulakaç, N. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01730-7 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Among several potentially harmful factors for the health of professionals, some authors have highlighted the lack of access to adequate protective equipment [1], exhaustion resulting from wearing personal protective equipment throughout the working day, the feeling of having inadequate support [2,3], long working hour…”
BackgroundSpiller, T. R., Méan, M., Ernst, J., Sazpinar, O., Gehrke, S., Paolercio, F., Petry, H., Pfaltz, M. C., Morina, N., Aebischer, O., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003128 · Cited by 31 · cited 9× · see citing works
“The instruments most used to assess these variables were the ProQOL-5 [45,62,66,81,91,95,101] and STSS [17,97,102].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, R. O. K., LEE, S., ROZYBAKIEVA, Z., S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, R. O. K., ASIMOV, M., S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, R. O. K., BAGIYAROVA, F., S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, R. O. K., TAZHIYEVA, A., S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, R. O. K., et al. (2020) · Archives of the Balkan Medical Union · doi:10.31688/abmu.2020.55.3.04 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Franza, F., Pellegrino, F., Buono, G. D., Solomita, B., & Fasano, V. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.619 · Cited by 6 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Giusti et al. (2020) [68] To identify the prevalence of burnout and psychological suffering in health professionals during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.”
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536 · see citing works
Poon, E. G., Lemak, C. H., Rojas, J. C., Guptill, J., & Classen, D. C. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf065 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Third-party evaluators perceive AI as more compassionate than expert humans
Ovsyannikova, D., de Mello, V. O., & Inzlicht, M. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00182-6 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: a scoping review
Garnett, A., Hui, L., Oleynikov, C., & Boamah, S. A. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10356-3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Burnout and secondary trauma are suggested to be mediated by compassion satisfaction—the pleasure that comes from helping behavior [11, 12].”
BackgroundPatterns in Physician Burnout in a Stable-Linked Cohort
Ortega, M. V., Hidrue, M. K., Lehrhoff, S. R., Ellis, D. B., Sisodia, R. C., Curry, W. T., Carmen, M. G. D., & Wasfy, J. H. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36745 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sadeh‐Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/46781 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Additionally, the therapists in community-based centers face unprecedented documentation and administrative burden [5,6], leading to frontline mental health workers’ work-life imbalance and compassion fatigue [7,8].”
Aiken, L. H., Sermeus, W., McKee, M., Lasater, K. B., Sloane, D. M., Pogue, C. A., Kohnen, D., Dello, S., Maier, C. B., Drennan, J., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079931 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Claponea, R., Pop, L., Iorga, M., & Iurcov, R. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10060979 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fixing the health workforce crisis in Europe: retention must be the priority
Zapata, T., Muscat, N. A., McKee, M., & Kluge, H. H. P. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.p947 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bégin, C., Berthod, J., Martinez, L. Z., & Truchon, M. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00267-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alqarni, T., Alghamdi, A. E., Alzahrani, A., Abumelha, K., Alqurashi, Z., & Alsaleh, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267578 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“A systematic review on all studies assessing burnout during the first year of the pandemic showed general trend of worsening in burnout rates compared to pre-pandemic rates [8].”
BackgroundBeck, E., & Daniels, J. (2023) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2092762 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“During and beyond the pandemic, lack of adequate protection and high pressure on UK NHS personnel has been widely reported (Lluch et al., 2022).”
BackgroundAlruwaili, A. N., Alruwaili, M. M., Ramadan, O. M. E., Elsharkawy, N. B., Abdelaziz, E. M., Ali, S. I., & Shaban, M. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.024 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Barnard, N. B., Rothmann, S., Beer, L. T. D., & Lubbe, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119063 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The above-mentioned job demands, associated with a lack of job resources, can lead to an increased likelihood of burnout in emergency nurses (McDermid et al., 2020; Lluch et al., 2022), especially if they lack work capabilities.”
BackgroundKuriyama, A., Sakuraya, M., Kinjo, M., Santanda, T., Yoshino, T., Ouchi, K., Suyama, S., Yoshino, S., Saito, S., Yokoyama, T., et al. (2022) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202201-029oc · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Ma, J., Liu, F., Shen, C., Sun, J., Ma, Z., Hu, W., & Lang, H. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01867-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Burnout was identified as one of strongest predictor of depressive symptoms [29, 30].”
BackgroundChatham, A. A., Petruzzi, L. J., Patel, S., Brode, W. M., Cook, R., Garza, B. W., Garay, R., Mercer, T., & Valdez, C. R. (2023) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323231213825 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Consequently, HCPs ’ professional quality of life has been adversely affected, as evidenced by heightened levels of compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (Alanazi et al., 2022; Braquehais et al., 2020; Koontalay et al., 2021; Lluch et al., 2022).”
BackgroundHospital Outdoor Spaces as Respite Areas for Healthcare Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Iqbal, S. A., & Abubakar, I. R. (2022) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/19375867221111530 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…intense levels of anxiety, stress, burnout, and mental breakdowns with significant implications on their psychological and physical well-being and the healthcare they provide (Akova et al., 2022; Lluch et al., 2022; Luo et al., 2020; Spoorthy et al., 2020; Vizheh et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2022).”
Backgroundde Cordova, P. B., Reilly, L. L., Pogorzelska‐Maziarz, M., Gerolamo, A. M., Grafova, I. B., Vasquez, A., & Johansen, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16061 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rapisarda, F., Vallarino, M., Brousseau‐Paradis, C., Benedictis, L. D., Corbière, M., Villotti, P., Cavallini, E., Briand, C., Cailhol, L., & LESAGE, A. D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073806 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Two meta-analyses, the first including 13 cross-sectional studies and a total of 33,062 participants in the first stage of the pandemic [9], and the latter including 76 studies [10], provided evidence that a high proportion of healthcare professionals have experienced levels of clinical mental health symptoms (such as…”
BackgroundYi, L., Cai, J., Shuai, T., Herrera, M., Gu, L., & Tian, X. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02173-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Research suggests that health-care professionals working in high-stress environments like pandemics experience more psychological distress [71, 72].”
BackgroundSilveira, S., Godara, M., & Singer, T. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45027 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Alternatively, decreasing levels of empathy and compassion might be explained by an increase in compassion fatigue during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic [29].”
A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders
Das, K. P., & Gavade, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1435895 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Platania, S., Gruttadauria, S. V., & Morando, M. (2022) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe12090089 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“[84,85] with a sample of 5445 physicians, for example, suggested that resilience is inversely associated with burnout symptoms, but that at the same time burnout is also experienced among those with adequate and good levels of resilience.”
BackgroundBoss, H., MacInnis, C., Simon, R., Jackson, J., Lahtinen, M., & Sinclair, S. (2024) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-024-01040-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Finally, data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and as such future studies outside the context of a pandemic are needed to verify and extend our results [33].”
BackgroundDominguez-Rodriguez, A., Martínez-Arriaga, R. J., Herdoiza-Arroyo, P. E., Bautista-Valerio, E., de la Rosa-Gómez, A., Castellanos Vargas, R. O., Lacomba-Trejo, L., Mateu-Mollá, J., Lupercio Ramírez, M. D. J., Figueroa González, J. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912749 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a new and a general social health challenge, where healthcare workers are especially affected, presenting an increase in emotional symptoms, stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue [5,6].”
BackgroundSpányik, A., Simon, D., Rigó, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291650 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“According to a literature review examining the mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemic on HCWs, only 5% of studies examined CS and reported medium to high levels of CS among HCWs [38].”
BackgroundKabunga, A., Kigongo, E., Tumwesigye, R., Udho, S., Musinguzi, M., Acup, W., Auma, A. G., Akello, A. R., Okalo, P., Nabaziwa, J., et al. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003388 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Although systematic reviews have been conducted on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals, few have examined dimensions of quality of life such as compassion fatigue in health professions [16], specifically in Sub-Saharan Africa.”
BackgroundHigh workload and under-appreciation lead to burnout and low job satisfaction among radiographers
Kennedy, E., Ryan, M., England, A., Sarkodie, B. D., Khine, R., & McEntee, M. F. (2024) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2024.11.019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Antão, H. S., Sacadura‐Leite, E., Correia, A. I., & Figueira, M. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942727 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Additionally to these, burnout research that took place during the pandemic, identified other risk factors as decreased social support, low family and colleagues’ readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, working in the frontline, being a resident, experiencing the loss of patients, increased workload, shifts lasting…”
BackgroundCompassion fatigue and moral sensitivity in midwives in COVID-19
Doğan, R. A., Hüseyinoğlu, S., & Yazıcı, S. (2023) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330221146224 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Although there were no studies examining the compassion fatigue of midwives in the COVID-19 pandemic in the literature review, studies examining nurses and health workers were found.(20,21,36,48) In the systematic review of Lluch et al.”
BackgroundDoubova, S. V., Bhadelia, A., Pérez-Morán, D., Martínez-Vega, I. P., García-Cervantes, N., & Knaul, F. M. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075691 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Matos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S. R., Ferreira, N. B., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Vilas, S. P., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031845 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“This could potentially be related to elevated burnout and compassionate fatigue in healthcare workers as the pandemic continued [68,69].”
BackgroundAnxiety, Depression and Burnout Levels of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Intensive Care Units
Karadağ, S., & Çiçek, B. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231156313 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In systematic reviews, it has been stated that anxiety and depression are among the main risk factors for burnout (Lluch et al., 2022), that health professionals with anxiety and depression experience higher levels of burnout (Soares et al., 2022); and that nurses working in intensive care units…”
Mentoring in Nursing through Narrative Stories Across the World
Gantz, N. R., & Hafsteinsdøttir, T. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25204-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Compassionomics: The Science and Practice of Caring
Laíns, I., Johnson, T. J., & Johnson, M. W. (2023) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., He, H., Yang, C., Wang, X., Luo, J., Xiao, J., Fu, B., Chen, Y., & Ma, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269594 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
O’Malley, C. I., Moody, C. M., Foster, A., & Turner, P. V. (2022) · Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science · doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000078 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Quantifying Compassion Fatigue in Ancillary and Clinical Staff in an Adult Emergency Department
Bales, M., DeAlmeida, K., Oei, C. E., Hampton, D., & Bohr, N. L. (2022) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.8.57733 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The COVID-19 burnout scale: development and initial validation
Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Sourtzi, P., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2245914 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Burnout in Academic Medicine: A Peripandemic Assessment
Wisniewska, I., & Holt, G. R. (2023) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/23.042 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dixit, P., Srivastava, S. P., Tiwari, S. K., Chauhan, S., & Bishnoi, R. K. (2024) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_45_23 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“[18] A study done in Australia reported about 60.0% of midwives were experiencing moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion, 30.3% scored low personal accomplishment, and 30.3% were experiencing depersonalization associated with burnout.”
InfluentialSocial Interventions in the Family in the Post-COVID Pandemic Period
Pavlíková, M., Maturkanič, P., Akimjak, A., Mazur, S., & Timor, T. (2023) · Journal of Education Culture and Society · doi:10.15503/jecs2023.1.106.123 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Giusti, E. M., Veronesi, G., Callegari, C., Castelnuovo, G., Iacoviello, L., & Ferrario, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159541 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ageel, M., & Shbeer, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s383575 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Compared with before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, studies suggest that healthcare professionals had high scores for compassion fatigue, while other studies reported the levels of CS were within average or high and similar to those from before the COVID-19 pandemic.(9)”
BackgroundResultCompassion fatigue among frontline healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic in Tunisia
Omri, N., Ezzi, O., Ammar, A., Benzarti, W., Loghmari, D., Toulgui, E., Abdelkarim, A. B., Boukadida, A., Njah, M., & Mahjoub, M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276455 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“This finding underlines the need for organizationally focused interventions with structural changes, as well as strategies to improve the work environment [38].”
BackgroundDesai, K. R., O’Malley, P. A., & Culin, E. V. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304093 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“HCWs are significantly affected by SRDs, with increasing prevalence over time [2–4].”
BackgroundShaqiqi, W., & El-Soud, F. A. A. (2024) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151844 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Comparcini, D., Simonetti, V., Totaro, M., Apicella, A., Galli, F., Toccaceli, A., Lorenzo, A. D., Tafuri, S., Cicolini, G., & Tomietto, M. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16796 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zábó, V., Lehoczki, A., Buda, A., Varga, P., Fekete, M., Fazekas‐Pongor, V., Moizs, M., Giovannetti, G., Loscalzo, Y., Giannini, M., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01780-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Liao, M.-H., Lai, Y.-C., & Lin, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316114 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“reviewed 75 studies and found that female gender, nursing, and the workplace attending to COVID-19 patients were the critical factors that influenced personal quality of life during the pandemic [34].”
BackgroundBeyond Burnout: Nurses’ Perspectives on Chronic Suffering During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Powell, M. A., Oyesanya, T. O., Scott, S. D., Allen, D. H., & Walton, A. (2024) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/23333936241271271 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Nurses in this study who related to these concepts suggested they would have taken action if they had understood sooner; their actions could lead to behaviors that act as protective factors, like resiliency (Lluch et al., 2022).”
BackgroundMitchell, L. M., Anand, A., Muke, S. S., Hollon, S. D., Joshi, U., Khan, A., Haney, J. R., Shrivastava, R., Singh, A., Singla, D. R., et al. (2024) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001257 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol
Hui, L., Garnett, A., Oleynikov, C., & Boamah, S. A. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069843 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dong, Q., Yang, Y., Ma, M., Ou, W., Lv, G., Huang, M. H., Li, Y., Lu, Y., Fan, A., Ju, Y., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115406 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Healthcare resilience: bibliometric and network analysis
Raut, S., Hossain, N. U. I., & Fazio, S. A. (2025) · Enterprise Information Systems · doi:10.1080/17517575.2025.2464752 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Porkodi, S., & Pundhir, D. S. (2025) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-025-02187-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Previous studies have explored related factors such as burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction (van Mol et al. 2015; Lluch et al. 2022), burnout and well-being (Johnson et al. 2017; Selič-Zupančič et al. 2023), stress (Friganović et al. 2019), and job satisfaction (Lu et al. 2019;…”
Almadani, A. H., Alenezi, S., Algazlan, M. S., AlRabiah, E. S., Alharbi, R. A., Alkhamis, A. S., & Temsah, M.-H. A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11152136 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Moreover, the results from our research demonstrated that greater STS correlates with increased levels of BO, which is consistent with a systematic review conducted to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CF [18].”
BackgroundResultKogan, C. S., García‐Pacheco, J. Á., Rebello, T. J., Montoya, M. I., Robles, R., Khoury, B. A., Kulygina, M. A., Matsumoto, C., Huang, J., Medina‐Mora, M. E., et al. (2023) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyad046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Increased rates of mental health symptoms among health-care workers have been associated with concomitantly higher rates of burnout and compassion fatigue during the pandemic (Lluch et al., 2022).”
BackgroundLooking Toward the Future of Integrated Care: History, Developments, and Opportunities
Manderscheid, R. W., & Ward, A. (2024) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-024-09894-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pawłowicz, E., Forycka, J., Harendarz, K., Stanisławska, M., Makówka, A., & Nowicki, M. P. (2022) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01418-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
Lam, J. (2022) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.8.59370 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anderson, D. L., Rayner, G., & Duckworth, J. E. (2024) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101400 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
D’Antoni, F., Matiz, A., & Crescentini, C. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13020092 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rahman, A., Duan, Y., Symonds‐Brown, H., Salma, J., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648251328400 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…many studies frequently reported severe staff shortages, sustained stress, low compassion satisfaction, high compassion fatigue, and serious levels of burnout among healthcare workers (Galanis et al., 2021; Garnett et al., 2023; Lluch et al., 2022; Richert & Zucchero, 2023; Sexton et al., 2022).”
Covid-19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Personelinin Tükenmişlik Durumunun İncelenmesi
ARSLAN, Ü., ÇAĞATAY, A., & SAVAŞ, A. Y. (2023) · Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi · doi:10.21076/vizyoner.1133729 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gertler, J., Dale, L. P., Tracy, N. A., Dorsett, J., Sambuco, N., Guastello, A. D., Allen, B. R., Cuffe, S. P., & Mathews, C. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1163579 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Patrick, A., & Pryor, R. J. (2023) · Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ash.2023.191 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Naert, M. N., Pruitt, C., Sarosi, A., Berkin, J. A., Stone, J. L., & Weintraub, A. S. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100989 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cavallari, E., Setti, I., Curcuruto, M., & Sommovigo, V. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15040478 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“However, as operational disruptions began to ease, emotional fatigue and compassion depletion became the dominant concerns (Lluch et al., 2022; Sexton et al., 2022).”
Mukherjee, S., Rintamaki, L. S., Shucard, J. L., Wei, Z., Carlasare, L. E., & Sinsky, C. A. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3217770 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“As a result, evidence is mounting that a significant psychological toll is incurred by frontline physicians [22], [23], who experience high stress, anxiety, depression, compassion fatigue and burnout sustained from working with COVID-19 patients [24], [25].”
BackgroundAlsaeed, D., Al-Ozairi, A., Alsarraf, H., Albarrak, F., & Al‐Ozairi, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1048283 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Arnal, A. C. I., Galiana, L., Sánchez‐Ruiz, J., & Sansó, N. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12010004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“When it comes to gender, many studies have put forward that being a woman is related to the professional quality of life [51], showing that women experience more exhaustion [25,52,53] and compassion fatigue [54,55].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCompassionate Care: A Qualitative Exploration of Nurses’ Inner Resources in the Face of Burnout
Flowers, S., Guillén-Solà, M., Sansó, N., & Galiana, L. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14010006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This situation has been exacerbated by the global COVID-19 pandemic, which has left an already overloaded workforce under further pressures [9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRahimi‐Ardabili, H., Magrabi, F., Sanderson, B. J., Schuler, T., & Coiera, E. W. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11499-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The global consequences of COVID-19 on health systems are measured in loss or impairment of lives [2], healthcare professional burnout [3], reduced services, and delayed care [4, 5].”
BackgroundAntolí-Jover, A. M., Gázquez‐López, M., Río, P. B.-D., Pérez‐Morente, M. Á., Salvador, A. M., & Álvarez‐Serrano, M. A. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14040294 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Selçuk, K. T., Avcı, D., & Ataç, M. (2022) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2022.2078724 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on relative health outcomes among healthcare workers in Canada
Tiagi, R. (2022) · Healthcare Management Forum · doi:10.1177/08404704221112288 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Therefore, healthcare workers can be impacted emotionally and psychologically by their patients’ traumatic histories and incidents, resulting in compassion fatigue.(21) Reports and studies on vicarious trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted its prevalence across a broad spectrumof healthcareworkers, from…”
BackgroundPoghosyan, L., Liu, J., Schlak, A. E., Courtwright, S. E., Flandrick, K., Nantsupawat, A., & Martsolf, G. R. (2023) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231219108 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Enablers and Barriers of Compassionate Care From a Nurses' Perspective: A Scoping Review
van den Berg, N. M., van der Wal‐Huisman, H., van Leeuwen, B. L., Paans, W., & Schroevers, M. J. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.13319 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Surawattanasakul, V., Siviroj, P., Kiratipaisarl, W., Sirikul, W., Phetsayanavin, V., Pholvivat, C., Auernaruemonsuk, N., & Lamlert, C. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23172-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[15, 16].”
Okan, N., Zengin, F. O., Okan, Y. T., & Şahi̇n, Y. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.70079 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Supke, M., Schaubruch, L. M., Cohrdes, C., Kausmann, C., Schäfer, S. K., & Lieb, K. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25285-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Both perceived social support [45, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 63] and received social support [44, 48, 49, 53, 55, 59, 60] were examined in seven reviews each, with all reviews reporting favorable associations.”
InfluentialConsorte, M., Morotti, E., Nanni, F., Giannandrea, A., Benini, S., & Martoni, M. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14010130 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This exposes nurses to the risk of developing an increasing degree of compassion fatigue [5–7], which can negatively affect not only their health, but also the quality of care provided [8,9].”
Eliciting empathetic drives to prosocial behavior during stressful events
Grignoli, N., Filipponi, C., & Petrocchi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963544 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gillis, K., van Diermen, L., Lips, D., Lahaye, H., Witte, M. D., Wiele, L. V., Roelant, E., Hockley, J., & Bogaert, P. V. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104654 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Burke, B., Miller, E. N., Clear, B., & Weiner, S. G. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111118 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Compassion and Wellbeing in Ambulance Staff
Parker, B., Ashton, A., Fletcher, I. J., & Eccles, F. J. R. (2024) · International Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.56068/jnud3075 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Manzari, Z. S., Mafi, M. H., Nasiri, Z., Asgari, M., & Ghaderi, M. S. (2024) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/0118749445294293240614054311 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue and satisfaction among pharmacists: Prevalence and associated factors
Salihu, E. Y., Tewogbola, P. O., Joseph, D. T., Ofuokwu-Oduniyi, J., & Chewning, B. A. (2025) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.04.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Compassion Fatigue and Risk Factors in Nurses in The Covid-19 Pandemic
Uslu, E., & Kendirkıran, G. (2022) · Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi · doi:10.46483/deuhfed.1010957 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Torres, K. A., Glaros, C., Henry, M., Reed, K. E., Moss, M. M., & Tietbohl, C. K. (2023) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2023.102021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Huang, C. L.-C. (2023) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i4.131 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heavner, S. F., Stuenkel, M., Sellers, R. R., McCallus, R., Dean, K. D., Wilson, C. A., Shuffler, M. L., Britt, T. W., Taylor, S. S., Benedum, M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20115953 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effect of Burnout Experienced by Nurses in Retirement Homes on Human Resources Economics
Leskovic, L., Gričar, S., Folgieri, R., Šugar, V., & Bojnec, Š. (2024) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies12020033 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Risk factors of burnout among physicians (results of public survey)
Mingazov, A. F., Lukomskiy, I. S., Хабибуллина, Л. Р., & Khomyakov, E. A. (2022) · Koloproktologia · doi:10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-4-60-67 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Formica, V., Piccinni, A., Saraff, G., Zafar, A., Mayer, G., Hummel, S., Schultz, J., Losada, R., Muñoz, E. S., Domínguez, L. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02298-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“As noted by Lluch in 2022 (Lluch et al. 2022), burnout levels among healthcare professionals increased from medium–high to high during the pandemic, while compassion fatigue went from medium to high.”
Liska, H., Bentzoni, M., Donovan, C., Gaibel, B., Hueth, A., Johnson, A. L., Shepler, M., Roybal, D., & Mealer, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.1097/jhm-d-23-00123 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The second is that compassion satisfaction is possible even in the face of traumatic or distress-related events, as is the case with the experiences of the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic (Lluch et al., 2022).”
Mazur, L. M., Lee, N., Baernholdt, M., Epstein, E. G., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Bissram, J., & Adapa, K. (2025) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799251333072 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This finding is to some degree surprising in comparison to previous studies measuring related concepts (Lluch et al., 2022).”
Professional Coaching to Reduce Physician Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Khalili, J., Miotto, K. A., Wang, T. S., Mafi, J. N., Kyababchyan, E., Sanford, J., Elashoff, D. A., Brook, J. K., Adebambo, Y. V., Smith, P.-A. I., et al. (2025) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-025-09653-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lluch, C., Galiana, L., Doménech, P., & Sansó, N.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Valencian International University (ES)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Sansó, Noemí
- Venue
- Healthcare
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-02-13
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 364
- ISSN
- 2227-9032 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8872521
- OpenAlex
- W4213375660
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 40
- FWCI
- 10.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Innovation / State Research Agency /FEDER (RTI2018-094089-I00)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, healthcare workers, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, risk factors, protective factors, resilience, social support, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nurses
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