Cited by 148Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Insomnia and incident depression: role of objective sleep duration and natural history

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Fernandez‐Mendoza, Julio, Shea, Sarah, Vgontzas, Alexandros N., Calhoun, Susan L., Liao, Duanping, Bixler, Edward O.·2015·Journal of Sleep Research

Abstract

Summary: Longitudinal studies that have examined the association of insomnia with incident depression using objective sleep measures are very limited. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of the severity of insomnia for incident depression in a general population sample using psychometric and polysomnographic data. From a random, general population sample of 1741 individuals of the Penn State Adult Cohort, 1137 adults without depression were followed up with a structured telephone interview after 7.5 years. All subjects completed a full medical evaluation, 1‐night polysomnogram and Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory at baseline. The incidence of depression was 15%. Poor sleep (odds ratio = 1.5, P = 0.001) and insomnia (odds ratio = 1.9, P = 0.031) were significantly associated with incident depression. The odds of incident depression were highest (odds ratio = 2.2, P = 0.019) in insomnia with objective short sleep duration and independent of Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory Ego Strength scores, an index of poor coping resources. The persistence of insomnia and worsening of poor sleep into insomnia significantly increased the odds of incident depression (odds ratios ranged from 1.8 to 6.3), whereas their full remission did not (odds ratio ranged from 1.2 to 1.8). Insomnia with short sleep duration is associated with incident depression independent of poor coping resources, whereas the association of insomnia with normal sleep duration with incident depression was mediated by poor coping resources. Persistence and worsening of poor sleep or insomnia, but not their full remission, are significant predictors of incident depression. These data suggest that there is a significant relationship between the severity of insomnia and incident depression.

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  1. Butcher JN, Graham JR, Ben-Porath YS MMPI-2: Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation Revised edn. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 2001.
  2. Kish L Survey Sampling. John Wiley, New York, NY, 1965.

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Authors
Fernandez‐Mendoza, J., Shea, S., Vgontzas, A. N., Calhoun, S. L., Liao, D., & Bixler, E. O.
Affiliations
  • Sleep Research and Treatment Center Department of Psychiatry Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA USA
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
Venue
Journal of Sleep Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-02-27
Volume
24
Issue
4
Pages
390-398
ISSN
  • 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2869
OpenAlex
W2066242845
Cited by
148
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 6
FWCI
29.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (RO1 HL51931, RO1 HL40916, RO1 HL64415)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
insomnia, incident depression, sleep duration, objective sleep measures, polysomnography, coping resources, ego strength, risk factors for depression
MeSH terms
Depression, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Pennsylvania, Personality, Sleep, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Polysomnography

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