Cited by 219PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerAutophagy in Disease and TherapyMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

mTOR activation is a biomarker and a central pathway to autoimmune disorders, cancer, obesity, and aging

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Perl, Andras·2015·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in integrating growth signals on a cellular level. To support proliferation and survival under stress, two interacting complexes that harbor mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, promote the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis, enhance protein translation, and inhibit autophagy. Although rapamycin was originally developed as an inhibitor of T cell proliferation for preventing organ transplant rejection, its molecular target, mTOR, has been subsequently identified as a central regulator of metabolic cues that drive lineage specification in the immune system. Owing to oxidative stress, the activation of mTORC1 has emerged as a central pathway for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, mTORC1 has also been identified as a mediator of the Warburg effect that allows cell survival under hypoxia. Rapamycin and new classes of mTOR inhibitors are being developed to block not only transplant rejection and autoimmunity but also to treat obesity and various forms of cancer. Through preventing these diseases, personalized mTOR blockade holds promise to extend life span.

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Authors
Perl, A.
Affiliations
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine State University of New York, Upstate Medical University College of Medicine Syracuse New York
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-04-23
Volume
1346
Issue
1
Pages
33-44
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W1749413658
Cited by
218
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 5
FWCI
2.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
NIH (AI 048079, AI 072648)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords
mTOR, mTORC1, mTORC2, rapamycin, mTOR inhibitors, autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, cancer, obesity, aging, Warburg effect, hypoxia, oxidative stress, autophagy, mRNA translation, biomarkers
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Humans, Neoplasms, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Sirolimus, Precision Medicine, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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