A systematic review of commercial weight loss programmes’ effect on glycemic outcomes among overweight and obese adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Objective: We examined the glycemic benefits of commercial weight loss programmes as compared with control/education or counselling among overweight and obese adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and references cited by individual programmes. We included randomized controlled trials of ≥12 weeks duration. Two reviewers extracted information on study design, population characteristics, interventions, and mean changes in haemoglobin A1c and glucose. Results: We included 18 randomized controlled trials. Few trials occurred among individuals with T2DM. In this population, Jenny Craig reduced A1c at least 0.4% more than counselling at 12 months, Nutrisystem significantly reduced A1c 0.3% more than counselling at 6 months, and OPTIFAST reduced A1c 0.3% more than counselling at 6 months. Among individuals without T2DM, few studies evaluated glycemic outcomes, and when reported, most did not show substantial reductions. Discussion: Few trials have examined whether commercial weight loss programmes result in glycemic benefits for their participants, particularly among overweight and obese individuals without T2DM. Jenny Craig, Nutrisystem and OPTIFAST show promising glycemic lowering benefits for patients with T2DM, although additional studies are needed to confirm these conclusions. © 2016 World Obesity
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Commercially available weight loss programs have demonstrated short-term success in glycemic control, but continued success at 1 year is uncommon.
“Commercially available weight loss programs have demonstrated short-term success in glycemic control, but continued success at 1 year is uncommon [11].”
From Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at 1 Year: An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports promising short-term A1c reductions for Nutrisystem and OPTIFAST and no significant 12-month reductions in trials of SlimFast and Atkins. But Jenny Craig did reduce A1c at 12 months, and the review says long-term trials are scarce. It therefore supports short-term benefits for some programs, not a general conclusion that continued success at one year is uncommon. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Chaudhry, Z. W., Doshi, R. S., Mehta, A. K., Jacobs, D. K., Vakil, R. M., Lee, C. J., Bleich, S. N., Kalyani, R. R., Clark, J. M., & Gudzune, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chaudhry, Z. W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-05-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 758-769
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- PMC
- PMC5512172
- OpenAlex
- W2408334521
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (TL1TR001078)
- NIDDK (P30DK079637, (DK093583)
- NHLBI (K01HL096409, K23HL116601)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- glycemic control, type 2 diabetes, overweight, obesity, HbA1c, nutrition counseling, OPTIFAST, weight management interventions
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Overweight, Weight Reduction Programs
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