Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
There has been interest in the effect of various types and amounts of dietary carbohydrates and proteins on blood glucose. On the basis of our previous data, we designed a high-protein/low-carbohydrate, weight-maintaining, nonketogenic diet. Its effect on glucose control in people with untreated type 2 diabetes was determined. We refer to this as a low-biologically-available-glucose (LoBAG) diet. Eight men were studied using a randomized 5-week crossover design with a 5-week washout period. The carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio of the control diet was 55:15:30. The test diet ratio was 20:30:50. Plasma and urinary β-hydroxybutyrate were similar on both diets. The mean 24-h integrated serum glucose at the end of the control and LoBAG diets was 198 and 126 mg/dl, respectively. The percentage of glycohemoglobin was 9.8 ± 0.5 and 7.6 ± 0.3, respectively. It was still decreasing at the end of the LoBAG diet. Thus, the final calculated glycohemoglobin was estimated to be ∼6.3–5.4%. Serum insulin was decreased, and plasma glucagon was increased. Serum cholesterol was unchanged. Thus, a LoBAG diet ingested for 5 weeks dramatically reduced the circulating glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Potentially, this could be a patient-empowering way to ameliorate hyperglycemia without pharmacological intervention. The long-term effects of such a diet remain to be determined.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Low carbohydrate diet may reverse serious metabolic abnormalities in diabetics.
“whereas low carbohydrate diet may reverse these serious metabolic abnormalities [10,27,43-46]”
From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,320 · see citing works
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee On The Diagnosis And Classification Of Diabetes Mellitus (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.1.s5 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Parks, E. J., & Hellerstein, M. K. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.2.412 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution
Atkins, R. C. (1973) · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Effect of Protein Ingestion on the Glucose and Insulin Response to a Standardized Oral Glucose Load
Nuttall, F. Q., Mooradian, A. D., Gannon, M. C., Billington, C. J., & Krezowski, P. A. (1984) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.7.5.465 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Self-citationMuthukannan, J. (1995) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00516-1 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes
Gannon, M. C., Nuttall, F. Q., Saeed, A., Jordan, K., & Hoover, H. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.4.734 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Self-citationGarg, A., Bonanome, A., Grundy, S. M., Zhang, Z.-J., & Unger, R. H. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198809293191304 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Garg, A. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510420053034 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Jenssen, T. G., Nurjhan, N., Consoli, A., & Gerich, J. E. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114735 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Nuttall, F. Q., Gannon, M. C., Wald, J. L., & Ahmed, M. (1985) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720086 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationRasmussen, O., Thomsen, C., Hansen, K. W., Vesterlund, M., Winther, E., & Hermansen, K. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.12.1565 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The relationship between gluconeogenic substrate supply and glucose production in humans
Jahoor, F., Peters, E. J., & Wolfe, R. R. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.2.e288 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effect of Protein Ingestion on the Glucose Appearance Rate in People with Type 2 Diabetes1
Gannon, M. C., Nuttall, J. A., Damberg, G., Gupta, V., & Nuttall, F. Q. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7263 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationBisschop, P. H. L. T., Arias, A. M. P., Ackermans, M. T., Endert, E., Pijl, H., Kuipers, F., Meijer, A. J., Sauerwein, H. P., & Romijn, J. A. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.5.6573 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Garg, A. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.271.18.1421 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effect of Protein Ingestion on the Glucose Appearance Rate in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Gannon, M. C. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.3.1040 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationGannon, M. C., Nuttall, F. Q., Westphal, S. A., & Seaquist, E. R. (1993) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1993.10718280 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Percent Total GHb With Percent HbA1c in People With and Without Known Diabetes
Nuttall, F. Q. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.9.1475 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationGannon, M., Nuttall, F., Krezowski, P., Billington, C., & Parker, S. (1986) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00873217 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin and Glucose Responses to Various Starch-Containing Foods in Type II Diabetic Subjects
Krezowski, P. A., Nuttall, F. Q., Gannon, M. C., Billington, C. J., & Parker, S. (1987) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.10.2.205 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationCarbohydrate Metabolism of the Liver in Normal Man under Varying Dietary Conditions
Nilsson, L. H., Fürst, P., & Hultman, E. (1973) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365517309084356 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bonanome, A., Visonà, A., Lusiani, L., Beltramello, G., Confortin, L., Biffanti, S., Sorgato, F., da Costa, F. P., & Pagnan, A. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.3.586 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gannon, M. C., Ercan-Fang, N. G., Westphal, S. A., & Nuttall, F. Q. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.6.874 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationErcan, N., Nuttall, F. Q., Gannon, M. C., Redmon, J. B., & Sheridan, K. J. (1993) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90151-d · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMay, J. M., & Williams, R. H. (1978) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.27.8.849 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association guide to medical nutrition therapy for diabetes
Franz, M. J., & Bantle, J. P. (1999) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gannon, M. C., Nuttall, F. Q., Lane, J. T., Fang, S., Gupta, V., & Sandhofer, C. R. (1996) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90225-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationThe metabolic response to various doses of fructose in type II diabetic subjects
Nuttall, F. Q., Gannon, M. C., Burmeister, L. A., Lane, J. T., & Pyzdrowski, K. L. (1992) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90210-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationObservations on the decay of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c in diabetic patients
Rech, M. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211430 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bantle (2008) · doi:10.2337/dc08-s061 · Cited by 1,795 · see citing works
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Mavropoulos, J. C., Marquart, M., & McDuffie, J. R. (2008) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-36 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“Clinical studies that have lowered the percentage of dietary carbohydrate and/or the glycemic index of the carbohydrate have consistently shown improvements in glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes [4-8].”
BackgroundKrieger, J. W., Sitren, H. S., Daniels, M. J., & Langkamp-Henken, B. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.2.260 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Millward, D. J., Layman, D. K., Tomé, D., & Schaafsma, G. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1576s · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes
Hussain, T. A., Mathew, T. C., Dashti, A. A., Asfar, S., Al-Zaid, N., & Dashti, H. M. (2012) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.016 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Elhayany, A., Lustman, A., Abel, R., Attal‐Singer, J., & Vinker, S. (2010) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01151.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes
Yancy, W. S., Foy, M. E., Chalecki, A. M., Vernon, M. C., & Westman, E. C. (2005) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-34 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes
American Diabetes Association (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-s048 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Volek, J. S., & Feinman, R. D. (2005) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-31 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Layman, D. K., Evans, E. M., Erickson, D. J., Seyler, J., Weber, J., Bagshaw, D., Griel, A. E., Psota, T., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.108.099440 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Effects of Ketogenic Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
Kosinski, C., & Jornayvaz, F. R. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9050517 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes–2006
American Diabetes Association (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-9914 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
Halton, T. L., Liu, S., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.339 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Fine, E. J., Segal-Isaacson, C. J., Feinman, R. D., Herszkopf, S., Romano, M. C., Tomuta, N., Bontempo, A., Negassa, A., & Sparano, J. A. (2012) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.05.001 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
High dietary protein intake, reducing or eliciting insulin resistance?
Rietman, A., Schwarz, J., Tomé, D., Kok, F. J., & Mensink, M. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.123 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Interorgan Metabolic Crosstalk in Human Insulin Resistance
Gancheva, S., Jeleník, T., Álvarez-Hernández, E., & Roden, M. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2017 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Tian, S., Xu, Q., Jiang, R., Han, T., Sun, C., & Na, L. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9090982 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence
Hallberg, S. J., Gershuni, V. M., Hazbun, T. L., & Athinarayanan, S. J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040766 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dong, J.-Y., Zhang, Z.-L., Wang, P.-Y., & Qin, L.-Q. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513002055 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Prevalence, predisposition and prevention of type II diabetes
Cheng, D. (2005) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-29 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Dietary hyperglycemia, glycemic index and metabolic retinal diseases
Chiu, C., & Taylor, A. (2010) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.09.001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Krebs, J. D., Elley, C. R., Parry‐Strong, A., Lunt, H., Drury, P. L., Bell, D., Robinson, E., Moyes, S. A., & Mann, J. I. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2461-0 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Nuttall, F. Q., Ngo, A., & Gannon, M. C. (2008) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.863 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationRestricted-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Kirk, J. K., Graves, D. E., Craven, T. E., Lipkin, E. W., Austin, M., & Margolis, K. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.003 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Layman, D. K., Clifton, P., Gannon, M. C., Krauss, R. M., & Nuttall, F. Q. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1571s · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationA Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet Slows Tumor Growth and Prevents Cancer Initiation
Ho, V. W., Leung, K., Hsu, A., Luk, B., Lai, J., Shen, S. Y., Minchinton, A. I., Waterhouse, D., Bally, M. B., Lin, W., et al. (2011) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3973 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Defining meal requirements for protein to optimize metabolic roles of amino acids
Layman, D., Anthony, T., Rasmussen, B., Adams, S., Lynch, C., Brinkworth, G., & Davis, T. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.084053 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition
Gannon, M. C., & Nuttall, F. Q. (2006) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-16 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationNielsen, J. V., & Joensson, E. A. (2008) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-14 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Barcus, M., Kim, J., Lum, K., Mills, C., & Lei, X. G. (2016) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.229955 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A word of caution against excessive protein intake
Mittendorfer, B., Klein, S., & Fontana, L. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0274-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Hypercarnivory and the brain: protein requirements of cats reconsidered
Eisert, R. (2010) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-010-0528-0 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Publication, E. (2010) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1508 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Insulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: What can be done?
Brown, A., Guess, N., Dornhorst, A., Taheri, S., & Frost, G. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Criteria and markers for protein quality assessment – a review
Tomé, D. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002565 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management
Arora, S. K., & McFarlane, S. I. (2005) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-16 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Dyson, P. A., Beatty, S. J., & Matthews, D. R. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02290.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
González-Campoy, J. M., Jeor, S. T. S., CASTORINO, K. N., Ebrahim, A., Hurley, D., Jovanovič, L., Mechanick, J. I., Petak, S. M., Yu, Y., Harris, K. A., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13155.esgl · Cited by 101 · see citing works
González-Campoy, J. M., CASTORINO, K. N., Ebrahim, A., Hurley, D., Jovanovič, L., Mechanick, J. I., Petak, S. M., Yu, Y., Jeor, S. T. S., Harris, K. A., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13155.gl · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Hite, A. H., Berkowitz, V. G., & Berkowitz, K. (2011) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533611405791 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Phenylalanine impairs insulin signaling and inhibits glucose uptake through modification of IRβ
Zhou, Q., Sun, W.-W., Chen, J.-C., Zhang, H.-L., Liu, J., Lin, Y., Lin, P., Wu, B., An, Y., Huang, L., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32000-0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Azadi‐Yazdi, M., Karimi‐Zarchi, M., Salehi‐Abargouei, A., Fallahzadeh, H., & Nadjarzadeh, A. (2017) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12433 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Blouet, C., Mariotti, F., Azzout‐Marniche, D., Bos, C., Mathé, V., Tomé, D., & Huneau, J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.1849 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Svihus, B., & Hervik, A. K. (2015) · Starch - Stärke · doi:10.1002/star.201500295 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Aging, Resistance Training, and Diabetes Prevention
Flack, K. D., Davy, K. P., Hulver, M. W., Winett, R. A., Frisard, M. I., & Davy, B. M. (2010) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/127315 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Diet Behavior Change Techniques in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Cradock, K. A., OLaighin, G. M., Finucane, F. M., McKay, R. C., Quinlan, L. R., Ginis, K. A. M., & Gainforth, H. L. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0462 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Jayedi, A., Zeraattalab-Motlagh, S., Ganjeh, B. J., Hosseini, Y., Jibril, A. T., Shahinfar, H., Mirrafiei, A., Hosseini, F. Z., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac066 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Inclusion of red meat in healthful dietary patterns.
McNeill, S. (2014) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.028 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Clifton, P. M., Bastiaans, K., & Keogh, J. B. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.10.006 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Jesudason, D. R., Pedersen, E., & Clifton, P. M. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.060889 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Utzschneider, K. M., Bayer-Carter, J. L., Arbuckle, M. D., Tidwell, J. M., Richards, T. L., & Craft, S. (2013) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002966 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Wolfe, A. R., Arroyo, C., Tedders, S. H., Li, Y., Dai, Q., & Zhang, J. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.011 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Champ, C. E., Volek, J. S., Siglin, J., Jin, L., & Simone, N. L. (2012) · International Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.1155/2012/506868 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
MANDERS, R. J. F., Little, J. P., Forbes, S. C., & Candow, D. G. (2012) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu4111664 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets
Bielohuby, M., Sisley, S. R., Sandoval, D. A., Herbach, N., Zengin, A., Fischereder, M., Menhofer, D., Stoehr, B. J. M., Stemmer, K., Wanke, R., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00208.2013 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Frank, H., Gräf, J., Amann‐Gassner, U., Bratke, R., Daniel, H., Heemann, U. W., & Hauner, H. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27601 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Nutritional Management of Insulin Resistance in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Conlon, B. A., Beasley, J. M., Aebersold, K., Jhangiani, S. S., & Wylie‐Rosett, J. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5104093 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Metabolic response of people with type 2 diabetes to a high protein diet
Nuttall, F. Q., & Gannon, M. C. (2004) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-1-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of increased dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratios in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Sørensen, L. B., Søe, M., Halkier, K. H., Stigsby, B., & Astrup, A. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.020693 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight loss diets
Feinman, R. D., & Fine, E. J. (2007) · Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling · doi:10.1186/1742-4682-4-27 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pillot, B., Soty, M., Gautier‐Stein, A., Zitoun, C., & Mithieux, G. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0601 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Dhawan, A., Liese, A. D., Teff, K. L., & Schulz, M. (2006) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051636 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Krebs, J. D., Bell, D., Hall, R., Parry-Strong, A., Docherty, P. D., Clarke, K., & Chase, J. G. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.767630 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Protein-induced satiety is abolished in the absence of intestinal gluconeogenesis
Penhoat, A., Mutel, E., Amigó-Correig, M., Pillot, B., Stefanutti, A., Rajas, F., & Mithieux, G. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.03.012 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Can dietary fructans lower serum glucose?
Bonsu, N. K. A., Johnson, S., & McLeod, K. M. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00099.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lasker, D. A. W., Evans, E. M., & Layman, D. K. (2008) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-30 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Therapeutic role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in diabetes
Al-Khalifa, A., Mathew, T. C., Al-Zaid, N. S., Mathew, E., & Dashti, H. M. (2009) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.04.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Iglay, H. B., Thyfault, J. P., Apolzan, J. W., & Campbell, W. W. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.4.1005 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Feinman, R. D., & Fine, E. J. (2013) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-10-45 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Optimizing Adult Protein Intake During Catabolic Health Conditions
Phillips, S. M., Paddon-Jones, D., & Layman, D. K. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa047 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nielsen, J. V., & Joensson, E. (2006) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-22 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of a high protein diet on body weight and comorbidities associated with obesity
Clifton, P. M. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002322 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The metabolic response to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Nuttall, F. Q., & Gannon, M. C. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.027 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationHaimoto, H., Iwata, M., Wakai, K., & Umegaki, H. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.009 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tay, J., Thompson, C. H., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2015) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-121214-104422 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Effects of Different Quantities and Qualities of Protein Intake in People with Diabetes Mellitus
Pfeiffer, A. F. H., Pedersen, E., Schwab, U., Risérus, U., Aas, A.-M., Uusitupa, M., Thanopoulou, A., Kendall, C., Sievenpiper, J. L., Kahleová, H., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020365 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effect of the LoBAG 30 diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes
Nuttall, F. Q., Schweim, K., Hoover, H., & Gannon, M. C. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507819155 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucagon's Metabolic Action in Health and Disease
Zeigerer, A., Sekar, R., Kleinert, M., Nason, S. R., Habegger, K. M., & Müller, T. D. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c200013 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes and obesity in adults
Whitmore, C. (2010) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.14.49041 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Penhoat, A., Fayard, L., Stefanutti, A., Mithieux, G., & Rajas, F. (2013) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Dietary Proteins in Obesity and in Diabetes
Keller, U. B. (2011) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000059 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Delaere, F., Magnan, C., & Mithieux, G. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.05.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lamont, B. J., Waters, M. F., & Andrikopoulos, S. (2016) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2016.2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A novel function of intestinal gluconeogenesis: Central signaling in glucose and energy homeostasis
Mithieux, G. (2009) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Dietary Regulation of Adult Stem Cells
Mana, M., Kuo, E. Y.-S., & Yilmaz, Ö. H. (2017) · Current Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s40778-017-0072-x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Enhanced weight loss with protein‐enriched meal replacements in subjects with the metabolic syndrome
Flechtner‐Mors, M., Boehm, B. O., Wittmann, R., Thoma, U., & Ditschuneit, H. H. (2010) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1097 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pasiakos, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12804 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Intestinal gluconeogenesis: key signal of central control of energy and glucose homeostasis
Mithieux, G., Andréelli, F., & Magnan, C. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32832c4d6a · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sucher, S., Markova, M., Hornemann, S., Pivovarova‐Ramich, O., Rudovich, N. N., Thomann, R., Schneeweiss, R., Rohn, S., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12901 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Samkani, A., Skytte, M. J., Kandel, D., Kjaer, S., Astrup, A. V., Deacon, C. F., Holst, J. J., Madsbad, S., Rehfeld, J. F., Haugaard, S. B., et al. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518000521 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Low carbohydrate dietary approaches for people with type 2 diabetes-a narrative review
Wheatley, S. D., Deakin, T. A., Arjomandkhah, N. C., Hollinrake, P. B., & Reeves, T. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.687658 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mechanisms through which a small protein and lipid preload improves glucose tolerance
Tricò, D., Baldi, S., Tulipani, A., Frascerra, S., Macedo, M. P., Mari, A., Ferrannini, E., & Natali, A. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3710-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hallberg, S. J., Dockter, N. E., Kushner, J. A., & Athinarayanan, S. J. (2019) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13736 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of high-protein diets
Clifton, P. M., & Keogh, J. B. (2007) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-007-0063-y · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Dranse, H. J., Waise, T. M. Z., Hamr, S. C., Bauer, P. V., Abraham, M. A., Rasmussen, B. A., & Lam, T. K. T. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03490-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Barrea, L., Vetrani, C., Verde, L., Frías-Toral, E., Ceriani, F., Cernea, S., Docimo, A., Graziadio, C., Tripathy, D., Savastano, S., et al. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12040904 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Lewgood, J., Oliveira, B., Korzepa, M., Forbes, S. C., Little, J. P., Breen, L., Bailie, R., & Candow, D. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072378 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A review of low and reduced carbohydrate diets and weight loss in type 2 diabetes
Dyson, P. A. (2008) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00896.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Markova, M., Koelman, L., Hornemann, S., Pivovarova, O., Sucher, S., Machann, J., Rudovich, N., Thomann, R., Schneeweiss, R., Rohn, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.019 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Carbohydrate restriction as the default treatment for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Feinman, R. D., & Volek, J. S. (2008) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.1080/14017430802014838 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gannon, M. C., & Nuttall, F. Q.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- ORCID
- Gannon, Mary C.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-09-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2375-2382
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2140156866
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, high-protein low-carbohydrate diet, glycemic control, glycohemoglobin, serum insulin, plasma glucagon, beta-hydroxybutyrate, ketosis, hyperglycemia, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Ketones, Male, Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
