Attenuation of short wavelengths alters sleep and the ip RGC pupil response
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: Exposure to increasing amounts of artificial light during the night may contribute to the high prevalence of reported sleep dysfunction. Release of the sleep hormone melatonin is mediated by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ip RGC s). This study sought to investigate whether melatonin level and sleep quality can be modulated by decreasing night‐time input to the ip RGC s. Methods: Subjects (ages 17–42, n = 21) wore short wavelength‐blocking glasses prior to bedtime for 2 weeks. The ip RGC ‐mediated post illumination pupil response was measured before and after the experimental period. Stimulation was presented with a ganzfeld stimulator, including one‐second and five‐seconds of long and short wavelength light, and the pupil was imaged with an infrared camera. Pupil diameter was measured before, during and for 60 s following stimulation, and the six‐second and 30 s post illumination pupil response and area under the curve following light offset were determined. Subjects wore an actigraph device for objective measurements of activity, light exposure, and sleep. Saliva samples were collected to assess melatonin content. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) was administered to assess subjective sleep quality. Results: Subjects wore the blue‐blocking glasses 3:57 ± 1:03 h each night. After the experimental period, the pupil showed a slower redilation phase, resulting in a significantly increased 30 s post illumination pupil response to one‐second short wavelength light, and decreased area under the curve for one and five‐second short wavelength light, when measured at the same time of day as baseline. Night time melatonin increased from 16.1 ± 7.5 pg mL −1 to 25.5 ± 10.7 pg mL −1 ( P < 0.01). Objectively measured sleep duration increased 24 min, from 408.7 ± 44.9 to 431.5 ± 42.9 min ( P < 0.001). Mean PSQI score improved from 5.6 ± 2.9 to 3.0 ± 2.2. Conclusions: The use of short wavelength‐blocking glasses at night increased subjectively measured sleep quality and objectively measured melatonin levels and sleep duration, presumably as a result of decreased night‐time stimulation of ip RGC s. Alterations in the ip RGC ‐driven pupil response suggest a shift in circadian phase. Results suggest that minimising short wavelength light following sunset may help in regulating sleep patterns.
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Wearing blue light blocking eyewear before and during bed time may effectively attenuate LED induced melatonin suppression and thus can potentially facilitate the adaption to new social schedules and reduce sleep disturbances and their consequences among the general population.
“Wearing blue light blocking eyewear before 118, 119 and during 120 bed time may effectively attenuate LED induced melatonin suppression 121, 122 and thus can potentially facilitate the adaption to new social schedules 123 and reduce sleep disturbances and their consequences among the general population.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Ostrin, L. A., Abbott, K. S., & Queener, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ostrin, Lisa A.
- Venue
- Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics
- Published
- 2017-06-27
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 440-450
- ISSN
- 0275-5408 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-1313
- PMC
- PMC7229994
- OpenAlex
- W2730639285
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T35 EY07088)
- National Eye Institute (P30 EY007551)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Keywords
- short-wavelength light, blue light blocking glasses, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, melatonin, sleep quality, sleep duration, pupil response, circadian rhythm, artificial light at night, sleep-wake cycle, circadian phase shift, sleep disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Photic Stimulation, Pupil, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Saliva, Sleep, Time Factors, Young Adult, Actigraphy
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