Does one hour of bright or short-wavelength filtered tablet screenlight have a meaningful effect on adolescents’ pre-bedtime alertness, sleep, and daytime functioning?
Abstract
Electronic media use is prevalent among adolescent populations, as is the frequency of sleeplessness. One mechanism proposed for technology affecting adolescents' sleep is the alerting effects from bright screens. Two explanations are provided. First, screens emit significant amounts of short-wavelength light (i.e. blue), which produces acute alertness and alters sleep timing. Second, later chronotypes are hypothesised to be hypersensitive to evening light. This study analysed the pre-sleep alertness (GO/NOGO task speed, accuracy; subjective sleepiness), sleep (sleep diary, polysomnography), and morning functioning of 16 healthy adolescents (M = 17.4 ± 1.9 yrs, 56% f) who used a bright tablet screen (80 lux), dim screen (1 lux) and a filtered short-wavelength screen (f.lux; 50 lux) for 1 hr before their usual bedtime in a within-subjects protocol. Chronotype was analysed as a continuous between-subjects factor; however, no significant interactions occurred. Significant effects occurred between bright and dim screens for GO/NOGO speed and accuracy. However, the magnitude of these differences was small (e.g. GO/NOGO speed = 23 ms, accuracy = 13%), suggesting minimal clinical significance. No significant effects were found for sleep onset latency, slow-rolling eye movements, or the number of SWS and REM minutes in the first two sleep cycles. Future independent studies are needed to test short (1 hr) vs longer (>2 hrs) screen usage to provide evidence for safe-to-harmful levels of screenlight exposure before adolescents' usual bedtime.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other studies failed to show consistent beneficial effects of blue light filtering software, or suggested additional interfering factors such as display brightness.
“others failed to show consistent beneficial effects [46], or suggested additional interfering factors such as display brightness [47].”
From Preliminary Results: The Impact of Smartphone Use and Short-Wavelength Light during the Evening on Circadian Rhythm, Sleep and Alertness (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 6,909 · see citing works
Hobson, J. A. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90021-2 · Cited by 5,215 · see citing works
Two-Process Model of Sleep Regulation
Binder, M. D., Hirokawa, N., & Windhorst, U. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6166 · Cited by 3,895 · see citing works
Life between Clocks: Daily Temporal Patterns of Human Chronotypes
Roenneberg, T., Wirz-Justice, A., & Merrow, M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730402239679 · Cited by 2,662 · see citing works
Hays, W. (1983) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/022267 · Cited by 2,399 · see citing works
Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds
Foehr, U. G., Rideout, V. J., & Roberts, D. F. (2010) · Cited by 2,197 · see citing works
Generation M2 : Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-year-olds
Rideout, V. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,016 · see citing works
A marker for the end of adolescence
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Dewald, J. F., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bögels, S. M. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004 · Cited by 1,526 · see citing works
Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review
Cain, N., & Gradisar, M. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Self-citationThapan, K., Arendt, J., & Skene, D. J. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00261.x · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., & Dohnt, H. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.008 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Self-citationZeitzer, J. M., Dijk, D., Kronauer, R. E., Brown, E. N., & Czeisler, C. A. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00695.x · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence
Crowley, S. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002 · Cited by 1,127 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, the hypothesis that the delayed sleep timing of later chronotypes may be due to hypersensitivity to evening light (Crowley et al., 2007) has received very little scientific support.”
BackgroundETHICS AND METHODS FOR BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM RESEARCH ON ANIMALS AND HUMAN BEINGS
Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516381 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Cajochen, C., Münch, M., Kobialka, S., Kräuchi, K., Steiner, R., Oelhafen, P., Orgül, S., & Wirz-Justice, A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0957 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Regulation of adolescent sleep: Implications for behavior
CARSKADON, M. A., ACEBO, C., & JENNI, O. G. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.032 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Cajochen, C., Frey, S., Anders, D., Späti, J., Bues, M., Pross, A., Mager, R., Wirz-Justice, A., & Stefani, O. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Cajochen, C., Zeitzer, J. M., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D.-J. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00236-9 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Cajochen, C. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.009 · Cited by 652 · cited 1× · see citing works
“1000 lux) causing a greater alerting reaction (Cajochen, 2007; Cajochen et al., 2000; Duffy & Wright, 2005).”
BackgroundGooley, J. J., Chamberlain, K., Smith, K. A., Khalsa, S. B. S., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Van Reen, E., Zeitzer, J. M., Czeisler, C. A., & Lockley, S. W. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2098 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light
Boivin, D. B., Duffy, J. F., Kronauer, R. E., & Czeisler, C. A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379540a0 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Light as a modulator of cognitive brain function.
Vandewalle, G., Maquet, P., & Dijk, D.-J. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.07.004 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Chellappa, S. L., Steiner, R., Blattner, P., Oelhafen, P., Götz, T., & Cajochen, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016429 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C. M., Beersma, D. G. M., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053536 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Entrainment of the human circadian system by light
Duffy, J. F., & Wright, K. P. (2005) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730405277983 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Gradisar, M., Wolfson, A. R., Harvey, A. G., Hale, L., Rosenberg, R., & Czeisler, C. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.3272 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationWood, B., Rea, M. S., Plitnick, B., & Figueiro, M. G. (2013) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.07.008 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Swanson, L. M., Arnedt, J. T., Rosekind, M. R., Belenky, G. L., Balkin, T. J., & Drake, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00890.x · Cited by 411 · see citing works
An international survey of sleeping problems in the general population
Léger, D., Poursain, B., Neubauer, D. N., & Uchiyama, M. (2007) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079907x253771 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Milner, C. E., & Côté, K. A. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00718.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Higuchi, S., Motohashi, Y., Liu, Y., & MAEDA, A. (2005) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00463.x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Sleepless in adolescence: Prospective data on sleep deprivation, health and functioning
ROBERTS, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Duong, H. T. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.007 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Human responses to bright light of different durations
Chang, A., Santhi, N., St Hilaire, M., Gronfier, C., Bradstreet, D. S., Duffy, J. F., Lockley, S. W., Kronauer, R. E., & Czeisler, C. A. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.226555 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Phase relations between a circadian rhythm and its zeitgeber within the range of entrainment
Aschoff, J., & Pohl, H. H. (1978) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/bf00440545 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Alcohol Consumption, Sleep, and Academic Performance Among College Students
Singleton, R. A., & Wolfson, A. R. (2009) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.355 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Shan, Z., Deng, G., Li, J., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078109 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Effects of nicotine on sleep during consumption, withdrawal and replacement therapy
Jaehne, A., Loessl, B., Bárkai, Z., Riemann, D. W., & Hornyak, M. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.12.003 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
EFFECT OF LIGHT WAVELENGTH ON SUPPRESSION AND PHASE DELAY OF THE MELATONIN RHYTHM
Wright, H. R., & Lack, L. C. (2001) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-100107515 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Münch, M., Kobialka, S., Steiner, R., Oelhafen, P., Wirz-Justice, A., & Cajochen, C. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00478.2005 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The impact of prolonged violent video‐gaming on adolescent sleep: an experimental study
King, D. L., Gradisar, M., Drummond, A., Lovato, N., Wessel, J., Micic, G., Douglas, P., & Delfabbro, P. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01060.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationMorningness-eveningness comparison in adolescents from different countries around the world
Randler, C. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802551519 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Nodding off or switching off? The use of popular media as a sleep aid in secondary‐school children
Eggermont, S., & Van den Bulck, J. (2006) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00892.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Åkerstedt, T., Orsini, N., Petersen, H., Axelsson, J., Lekander, M., & Kecklund, G. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.12.013 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Association Between Television Viewing and Sleep Problems During Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P. R., Kasen, S., First, M. B., & Brook, J. S. (2004) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.562 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Caffeine consumption and weekly sleep patterns in US seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders
Pollak, C. P., & Bright, D. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.42 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Sleep-Wake as a Biological Rhythm
Lavie, P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.277 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Pre-Sleep Arousal and Sleep Problems of Anxiety-Disordered Youth
Alfano, C. A., Piña, A., Zerr, A. A., & Villalta, I. K. (2009) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-009-0158-5 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Aoki, H., Ozeki, Y., & Yamada, N. (2001) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-100103190 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Human Melatonin Regulation Is Not Mediated by the Three Cone Photopic Visual System
Brainard, G. C., Hanifin, J. P., Rollag, M. D., Greeson, J. M., Byrne, B. G., Glickman, G. L., Gerner, E. W., & Sanford, B. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.1.7277 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Development of the monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit
Chen, H., Hippenmeyer, S., Arber, S., & Frank, E. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00006-0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Sleep and Behavior
(2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873630.001.0001 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Is Television Bad for Your Health? Behavior and Body Image of the Adolescent “Couch Potato”
den Bulck, J. V. (2000) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1005102523848 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The impact of light from computer monitors on melatonin levels in college students.
Figueiro, M. G., Wood, B., Plitnick, B., & Rea, M. S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Playing a violent television game affects heart rate variability
Ivarsson, M., Anderson, M. P., Åkerstedt, T., & Lindblad, F. (2008) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01096.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Adolescent sleep and working memory performance
GRADISAR, M., TERRILL, G., JOHNSTON, A., & DOUGLAS, P. (2008) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00353.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationIvarsson, M., Anderson, M. P., Åkerstedt, T., & Lindblad, F. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182906a4c · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)
Dagan, Y. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Adolescents Living in Homes Without Electric Lighting Have Earlier Sleep Times
Peixoto, C. A. T., da Silva, A. G. T., Carskadon, M. A., & Louzada, F. M. (2009) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402000902762311 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Sagaspe, P., Taillard, J., Amieva, H., Beck, A., Rascol, O., Dartigues, J., Capelli, A., & Philip, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039410 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Epidemiological aspects of self‐reported sleep onset latency in Japanese junior high school children
Gaina, A., Sekine, M., Hamanishi, S., XIAOLI, C., Kanayama, H., Takashi, Y., ROBERT, W. W., & Kagamimori, S. (2006) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00530.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sleep in Psychiatric Disorders: Where are We Now?
Lee, E. K., & Douglass, A. B. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500703 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Medications and their effects on sleep
Qureshi, A., & Lee-Chiong, T. L. (2004) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.01.007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Light emitting diodes can be used to phase delay the melatonin rhythm
Wright, H. R., Lack, L. C., & Partridge, K. J. (2001) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310410.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sleep Pathologies in Depression and the Clinical Utility of Polysomnography
Sculthorpe, L. D., & Douglass, A. B. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500704 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Weinert, D., Eimert, H., Erkert, H. G., & Schneyer, U. (1994) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529409067791 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Relationship between Individual Difference in Melatonin Suppression by Light and Habitual Bedtime
Higuchi, S., Motohashi, Y., Maeda, T., & Ishibashi, K. (2005) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science · doi:10.2114/jpa.24.419 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Prevalence of concomitant sleep disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Scharf, S. M., Tubman, A., & Smale, P. (2005) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-005-0014-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Short-long sleep latency and associated factors in Japanese junior high school children
Gaina, A., Sekine, M., Kanayama, H., Sengoku, K., Takashi, Y., & Kagamimori, S. (2005) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2005.00185.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders, Often Unrecognized, Complicate Many Physical Illnesses
Lamberg, L. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.17.2173 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sleep and intercontinental flights
Nicholson, A. N. (2006) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.01.009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance and neurological disease
Smith, I. E., & Anderson, K. N. (2011) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-271 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Spectral analysis of the first-night effect on the sleep-onset period
Tamaki, M., Nittono, H., Hayashi, M., & Hori, T. (2005) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2005.00173.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Circadian Rhythms
DeMet, E. M., & Chicz-DeMet, A. (1987) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19871001-12 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Push to bolster women's careers
Williams, N. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 79 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x · Cited by 940 · see citing works
An update on adolescent sleep: New evidence informing the perfect storm model <sup>☆</sup>
Crowley, S. J., Wolfson, A. R., Tarokh, L., & Carskadon, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Brown, T. M., Brainard, G. C., Cajochen, C., Czeisler, C. A., Hanifin, J. P., Lockley, S. W., Lucas, R. J., Münch, M., O’Hagan, J. B., Peirson, S. N., et al. (2022) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001571 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: A meta-analytic review
Bartel, K., Gradisar, M., & Williamson, P. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.08.002 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Self-citationYouth Screen Media Habits and Sleep
Hale, L., Kirschen, G. W., LeBourgeois, M. K., Gradisar, M., Garrison, M. M., Montgomery-Downs, H., Kirschen, H., McHale, S. M., Chang, A.-M., & Buxton, O. M. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.014 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationvan der Lely, S., Frey, S., Garbazza, C., Wirz-Justice, A., Jenni, O. G., Steiner, R., Wolf, S., Cajochen, C., Bromundt, V., & Schmidt, C. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.002 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Digital media use and sleep in late adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review
Brautsch, L. A., Lund, L., Andersen, M. M., Jennum, P. J., Folker, A. P., & Andersen, S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101742 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The influence of blue light on sleep, performance and wellbeing in young adults: A systematic review
Silvani, M. I., Werder, R., & Perret, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.943108 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Influence of light at night on melatonin suppression in children
Higuchi, S., Nagafuchi, Y., Lee, S.-I., & Harada, T. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1629 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Heo, J.-Y., Kim, K., Fava, M., Mischoulon, D., Papakostas, G. I., Kim, M.-J., Kim, D. J., Chang, K.-A. J., Oh, Y., Yu, B.-H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Orzech, K. M., Grandner, M. A., Roane, B. M., & Carskadon, M. A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.049 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Green, A., Cohen-Zion, M., Haim, A., & Dagan, Y. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1324878 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Smolders, K. C. H. J., & de Kort, Y. A. W. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.02.001 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Galland, B. C., Gray, A. R., Penno, J., Smith, C. P., Lobb, C., & Taylor, R. W. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.02.001 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Excessive use of mobile devices and children's physical health
Domoff, S. E., Borgen, A. L., Foley, R. P., & Maffett, A. J. (2019) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.145 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sleep’s role in the development and resolution of adolescent depression
Gradisar, M., Kahn, M., Micic, G., Short, M. A., Reynolds, C. M., Orchard, F., Bauducco, S., Bartel, K., & Richardson, C. E. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00074-8 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationChinoy, E. D., Duffy, J. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13692 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus
Aulsebrook, A. E., Jones, T. M., Mulder, R. A., & Lesku, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2189 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Hartstein, L. E., Mathew, G. M., Reichenberger, D., Rodriguez, I., Allen, N. B., Chang, A., Chaput, J., Christakis, D., Garrison, M. M., Gooley, J. J., et al. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.001 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Bauducco, S., Pillion, M., Bartel, K., Reynolds, C., Kahn, M., & Gradisar, M. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101933 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationBonnar, D., Gradisar, M., Moseley, L., Coughlin, A., Cain, N., & Short, M. A. (2015) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.11.002 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationA Transdiagnostic Intervention for Youth Sleep and Circadian Problems
Harvey, A. G. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.06.001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Exposure to dim light at night during early development increases adult anxiety-like responses
Borniger, J. C., McHenry, Z. D., Abi Salloum, B. A., & Nelson, R. J. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.012 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Rångtell, F. H., Ekstrand, E., Rapp, L., Lagermalm, A., Liethof, L., Búcaro, M. O., Lingfors, D., Broman, J.-E., Schiöth, H. B., & Benedict, C. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.06.016 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Time to learn: H ow chronotype impacts education
Zerbini, G., & Merrow, M. W. (2017) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.178 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Salfi, F., Amicucci, G., Corigliano, D., D’Atri, A., Viselli, L., Tempesta, D., & Ferrara, M. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab080 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Baiden, P., Tadeo, S. K., & Peters, K. E. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112586 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Ayaki, M., Hattori, A., Maruyama, Y., Nakano, M., Yoshimura, M., Kitazawa, M., Negishi, K., & Tsubota, K. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1119158 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Attenuation of short wavelengths alters sleep and the ip <scp>RGC</scp> pupil response
Ostrin, L. A., Abbott, K. S., & Queener, H. M. (2017) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12385 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Characteristics Associated With Sleep Duration, Chronotype, and Social Jet Lag in Adolescents
Malone, S. K., Zemel, B. S., Compher, C. W., Souders, M. C., Chittams, J. L., Leis, A. M., & Lipman, T. H. (2015) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840515603454 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Media Use and Sleep in Teenagers: What Do We Know?
Hale, L. E., Li, X., Hartstein, L. E., & LeBourgeois, M. K. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00146-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Höhn, C., Schmid, S. R., Plamberger, C. P., Bothe, K., Angerer, M., Gruber, G., Pletzer, B., & Hoedlmoser, K. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3010005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Sleep and pre-bedtime activities in New Zealand adolescents: differences by ethnicity
Galland, B. C., de Wilde, T., Taylor, R. W., & Smith, C. P. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.09.002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population
Porcheret, K., Lucien Wald, A., Fritschi, L., Gerkema, M. P., Gordijn, M. C. M., Merrrow, M., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Rock, D. J., Sletten, T. L., Warman, G. R., et al. (2018) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1482556 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ricketts, E. J., Joyce, D. S., Rissman, A. J., Burgess, H. J., Colwell, C. S., Lack, L. C., & Gradisar, M. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101667 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationRu, T., Kompier, M. E., Chen, Q., Zhou, G., & Smolders, K. C. H. J. (2022) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109842 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
New Directions in the Link Between Technology Use and Sleep in Young People
Bartel, K., & Gradisar, M. (2017) · Sleep Disorders in Children · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28640-2_4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationBlue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults
Singh, S., Keller, P. R., Busija, L., McMillan, P., Makrai, E., Lawrenson, J. G., Hull, C. C., & Downie, L. E. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013244.pub2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bartel, K., Williamson, P., van Maanen, A., Cassoff, J., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Knaüper, B., Gruber, R., & Gradisar, M. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationScreen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents
Brunetti, V. C., O'Loughlin, E. K., O'Loughlin, J., Constantin, E., & Pigeon, É. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.09.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of blue- and red-enriched light on attention and sleep in typically developing adolescents
Studer, P., Brucker, J. M., Haag, C., Doren, J. V., Moll, G. H., Heinrich, H., & Kratz, O. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Šmotek, M., Fárková, E., Manková, D., & Kopřivová, J. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.007 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Campbell, I., Sharifpour, R., & Vandewalle, G. (2023) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep5010012 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Janků, K., Šmotek, M., Fárková, E., & Kopřivová, J. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1692859 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Höhn, C., Hahn, M. A., Gruber, G., Pletzer, B. A., Cajochen, C., & Hoedlmoser, K. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae173 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Associations Between Adolescents’ Daily Digital Technology Use and Sleep
Burnell, K., George, M. J., Jensen, M. R., Hoyle, R. H., & Odgers, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.033 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Knufinke, M., Fittkau‐Koch, L., Møst, E. I. S., Kompier, M. A. J., & Nieuwenhuys, A. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1544278 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Saunders, T. J., McIsaac, T., Campbell, J., Douillette, K., Janssen, I., Tomasone, J. R., Ross‐White, A., Prince, S. A., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.42.4.03 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Randjelović, P. J., Stojanović, N. M., Ilić, I., & Vučković, D. M. (2023) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2023.2173606 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ru, T., Smolders, K., Chen, Q., Zhou, G., & de Kort, Y. A. W. (2021) · Lighting Research & Technology · doi:10.1177/1477153521990645 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., & Connolly, H. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz287 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Duraccio, K. M., Zaugg, K. K., Blackburn, R. C., & Jensen, C. D. (2021) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.03.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Reinberg, A., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1157083 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Calvo-Sanz, J. A., & Ayuga, C. E. T. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1781149 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lang, C., Richardson, C. E., Micic, G., & Gradisar, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.785079 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment and Treatment of Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder in Adolescents
Gradisar, M., Smits, M. G., & Bjorvatn, B. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.02.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAdolescents who perceive fewer consequences of risk‐taking choose to switch off games later at night
Reynolds, C. M., Gradisar, M., Kar, K., Perry, A., Wolfe, J., & Short, M. A. (2015) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.12935 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHiguchi, S., Lee, S., Kozaki, T., Harada, T., & Tanaka, I. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1152978 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jones, M. J., Peeling, P., DAWSON, B. T., Halson, S. L., Miller, J., Dunican, I. C., Clarke, M. W., Goodman, C., & Eastwood, P. R. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1287936 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Evening electronic device use and sleep patterns in athletes
Jones, M. J., DAWSON, B. T., Gucciardi, D. F., Eastwood, P. R., Miller, J., Halson, S. L., Dunican, I. C., & Peeling, P. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1531499 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Circadian preferences and sleep in 15- to 20-year old Finnish students
Lehto, J. E., Aho, O., Eklund, M., Heinaro, M., Kettunen, S., Peltomäki, A., Ylä-Kotola, K., Öst, K., & Partonen, T. (2016) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1016/j.slsci.2016.06.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kazemi, R. B., Choobineh, A., Taheri, S., & Rastipishe, P. (2018) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2018-1676 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kahn, M., Barnett, N. R., Glazer, A., & Gradisar, M. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa158 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of daytime spectral tuning on cognitive function
Lok, R., Joyce, D. S., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112439 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lang, C., Richardson, C. E., Short, M. A., & Gradisar, M. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationBen-Attia, M., Reinberg, A., Smolensky, M. H., Gadacha, W., Khedaier, A., Sani, M., Touitou, Y., & Boughamni, N. G. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1157082 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Influence of Electronic Devices on Sleep and Cognitive Performance During Athlete Training Camps
Jones, M. J., Dawson, B., Eastwood, P., Halson, S., Miller, J., Murray, K., Dunican, I., Landers, G., & Peeling, P. (2019) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002991 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Li, T. M. H., Chan, N. Y., Li, C.-T., Chen, J., Chan, J. W. Y., Liu, Y., Li, S. X., Li, A. M., Zhang, J., & Wing, Y. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892583 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Circadian preference and physical and cognitive performance in adolescence: A scoping review
Vidueira, V. F., Booth, J. N., Saunders, D. H., Sproule, J., & Turner, A. P. (2023) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2023.2256901 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Night‐to‐night associations between light exposure and sleep health
Mead, M. P., Reid, K. J., & Knutson, K. L. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13620 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Computer Screen Use Detection Using Smart Eyeglasses
Wahl, F., Kasbauer, J., & Amft, O. (2017) · Frontiers in ICT · doi:10.3389/fict.2017.00008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Engelhard, M., & Kollins, S. H. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1077-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Maski, K. P., Amos, L. B., Carter, J. C., Koch, E. E., Kazmi, U., & ROSEN, C. L. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10974 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Technology and the Global Adolescent
Gibbons, J. L., & Poelker, K. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639538 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Implementation of smartphone-based color temperature and wavelength control LED lighting system
Moon, S.-M., Kwon, S.-Y., & Lim, J.-H. (2016) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-016-0548-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Whittall, H., Pillion, M., & Gradisar, M. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMobile technology, sleep, and circadian disruption
Snyder, C. K., & Chang, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00013-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kazemi, R., Alighanbari, N., & Zamanian, Z. (2019) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2019.32 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Li, Y., Chen, Q., He, M., Li, S., Chen, Y., Ru, T., & Zhou, G. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108423 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
McAlpine, T., Mullan, B. A., & Clarke, P. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-023-10212-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kim, S., & Casement, M. D. (2024) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smidt, A. M., Blake, M. J., Latham, M. D., & Allen, N. B. (2021) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.1940183 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults
Downie, L. E., Keller, P. R., Busija, L., Lawrenson, J. G., & Hull, C. C. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013244 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ulset, V. S., Czajkowski, N. O., Staton, S., Smith, S. S., Pattinson, C. L., Allen, A., Thorpe, K. J., & Bekkhus, M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101560 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Effects of Digital Media and Media Multitasking on Attention Problems and Sleep
Baumgartner, S. E. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108976237.017 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ayaki, M., Hattori, A., Maruyama, Y., Tsubota, K., & Negishi, K. (2017) · Cogent Biology · doi:10.1080/23312025.2017.1294550 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Circadian Response to Evening Light Spectra in Early Childhood: Preliminary Insights
Hartstein, L. E., Wright, K. P., Behn, C. D., Stowe, S. R., & LeBourgeois, M. K. (2025) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304241311652 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Research on the Application of the Dynamic Assisted Sleep Light to Smart Mobile Devices
Chen, C., Wang, Y.-K., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12105191 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Social Media Use and Sleep Quality in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Reviews
Ndubisi, A., Agyapong-Opoku, F., & Agyapong, B. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13010051 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bedtime Regularity and Sleep Sufficiency in Children With Tourette Syndrome
Swisher, V. S., Liu, S., & Ricketts, E. J. (2024) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Ru, T., Xue, L. U. O., Dong, Q., Zhai, D., XIONG, X., & Zhou, G. (2019) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.00070 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cárthaigh, S. M., Perry, J. L., & Griffin, C. P. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2136533 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ghazi, S. N., Behrens, A., Berglund, J. S., Berner, J., & Anderberg, P. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23894-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Screen use, sleep, and circadian disruption
Reichenberger, D., Snyder, C. K., & Chang, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00018-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
He, M., Chen, H., Li, S., Ru, T., Chen, Q., & Zhou, G. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Addicting Content, Blue Light, and Curtailed Sleep
Yau, J. C., Sun, B. T., & Moreno, J. D. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9412-3.ch009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of blue light from LCD on VDT work: Experiment using blue light reduction function LCD
Yoshimura, K., Sakakibara, H., Ikeda, M., Shibata, K., & Tamamura, Y. (2019) · Journal of the Society for Information Display · doi:10.1002/jsid.863 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Not so fast: sleep and media use
Dijk, D. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12212 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zou, H., Bao, C., Wang, X., Zhang, Q., Chen, Z., Hua, L., Yan, R., Veniero, D., Lu, Q., & Yao, Z. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119617 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sleep and modern life: a population-based study
Oroș, M., Soyez, F., Moldovan, A.-D., Aliuș, R. O., Voicu, B. C., & Mihaltan, F. D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13405-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heath, M., Sutherland, C., Bartel, K., Gradisar, M., Williamson, P., Lovato, N., & Micic, G.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Gradisar, Michael
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 496-505
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W2161789805
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 17.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- blue light, short-wavelength light, adolescents, sleep latency, chronotype, sleep quality, daytime functioning, go/no-go task, sleepiness, screen time before bedtime
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Activity Cycles, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Cognition, Humans, Light, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Stages, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Photoperiod, Computers, Handheld, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
