Cited by 1,057Health disparities and outcomesAging and Gerontology ResearchDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Social Relationships and Health: The Toxic Effects of Perceived Social Isolation

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Cacioppo, John T., Cacioppo, Stephanie·2014·Social and Personality Psychology Compass

DOI 10.1111/spc3.12087PMC PMC4021390

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Abstract

Research in social epidemiology suggests that the absence of positive social relationships is a significant risk factor for broad‐based morbidity and mortality. The nature of these social relationships and the mechanisms underlying this association are of increasing interest as the population gets older and the health care costs associated with chronic disease escalate in industrialized countries. We review selected evidence on the nature of social relationships and focus on one particular facet of the connection continuum – the extent to which an individual feels isolated (i.e., feels lonely) in a social world. Evidence indicates that loneliness heightens sensitivity to social threats and motivates the renewal of social connections, but it can also impair executive functioning, sleep, and mental and physical well‐being. Together, these effects contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality in lonely older adults.

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Authors: Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Cacioppo, John T.
ORCID: Cacioppo, John T.
Cacioppo, Stephanie
Venue: Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-02
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 58-72
ISSN: 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12087
PMC: PMC4021390
OpenAlex: W1553108391
Cited by: 1,057
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 101 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 47.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3 d)
Locations: Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Society for Social Neuroscience
Society for Personality and Social Psychology
National Institute on Aging (P01AG018911, R37AG033590, R01AG034052, R01AG033590)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: social isolation, loneliness, interpersonal relationships, social epidemiology, health risk factors, older adults, executive function, sleep, mental health, physical health, chronic disease, social danger, social connectedness

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Social Relationships and Health: The Toxic Effects of Perceived Social Isolation

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