Exercise in the fasted state facilitates fibre type‐specific intramyocellular lipid breakdown and stimulates glycogen resynthesis in humans
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The effects were compared of exercise in the fasted state and exercise with a high rate of carbohydrate intake on intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) and glycogen content of human muscle. Using a randomized crossover study design, nine young healthy volunteers participated in two experimental sessions with an interval of 3 weeks. In each session subjects performed 2 h of constant‐load bicycle exercise (∼75%), followed by 4 h of controlled recovery. On one occasion they exercised after an overnight fast (F), and on the other (CHO) they received carbohydrates before (∼150 g) and during (1 g (kg bw)−1 h−1) exercise. In both conditions, subjects ingested 5 g carbohydrates per kg body weight during recovery. Fibre type‐specific relative IMTG content was determined by Oil red O staining in needle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis before, immediately after and 4 h after exercise. During F but not during CHO, the exercise bout decreased IMTG content in type I fibres from 18 ± 2% to 6 ± 2% (P= 0.007) area lipid staining. Conversely, during recovery, IMTG in type I fibres decreased from 15 ± 2% to 10 ± 2% in CHO, but did not change in F. Neither exercise nor recovery changed IMTG in type IIa fibres in any experimental condition. Exercise‐induced net glycogen breakdown was similar in F and CHO. However, compared with CHO (11.0 ± 7.8 mmol kg−1 h−1), mean rate of postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis was 3‐fold greater in F (32.9 ± 2.7 mmol kg−1 h−1, P= 0.01). Furthermore, oral glucose loading during recovery increased plasma insulin markedly more in F (+46.80 μU ml−1) than in CHO (+14.63 μU ml−1, P= 0.02). We conclude that IMTG breakdown during prolonged submaximal exercise in the fasted state takes place predominantly in type I fibres and that this breakdown is prevented in the CHO‐fed state. Furthermore, facilitated glucose‐induced insulin secretion may contribute to enhanced muscle glycogen resynthesis following exercise in the fasted state.
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Training in the fasted state may induce more profound adaptations than training in the fed state.
“Studies by Hespel and coworkers [34, 35] demonstrated that training in the fasted state may induce more profound adaptations then training in the fed state (a carbohydrate-containing breakfast and consuming carbohydrates during exercise).”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [35]
Exercise in the fasted state facilitated intramuscular fat use during exercise and improved glycogen resynthesis.
“De Bock et al. [35] showed that exercise in the fasted state facilitated intramuscular fat use during exercise and improved glycogen resynthesis [35].”
From Periodized Nutrition for Athletes (2017) · cites this paper as [35]
Exogenous carbohydrate during exercise may alter endogenous depletion of glycogen and rates of subsequent glycogen re-synthesis.
“It is also important to note that exogenous carbohydrate during exercise may alter endogenous depletion of glycogen (De Bock 2005) and rates of subsequent glycogen re-synthesis (Reinert et al. 2009).”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as De Bock 2005
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Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources
Flynn, S., Rosales, A., Hailes, W., & Ruby, B. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04352-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“It is also important to note that exogenous carbohydrate during exercise may alter endogenous depletion of glycogen (De Bock 2005) and rates of subsequent glycogen re-synthesis (Reinert et al.”
Background
- Authors
- De Bock, K., Richter, E. A., Russell, A. P., Eijnde, B. O., Derave, W., Ramaekers, M., Koninckx, E., Léger, B., Verhaeghe, J., & Hespel, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Clinique Romande de Réadaptation (CH)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 564
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 649-660
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- OpenAlex
- W2146917678
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd (LSHM-CT-2004-005272)
- European Commission (LSHMCT-2004-005272)
- Novo Nordisk
- Vlaamse regering
- Kulturministeriet
- Diabetesforeningen
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- intramyocellular triglyceride, muscle fiber type, type I muscle fibers, muscle glycogen resynthesis, glycogenolysis, insulin secretion, glucose load, vastus lateralis, submaximal exercise, lipid metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Triglycerides, Exercise, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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