Measurement of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in Asian human epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissues in the 400- to 1100-nm wavelength range for optical penetration depth and energy deposition analysis
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Significance: In laser therapy and diagnosis of skin diseases, the irradiated light distribution, which is determined by the absorption coefficient μa and reduced scattering coefficient μs′ of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat, affects the treatment outcome and diagnosis accuracy. Although values for μa and μs′ have been reported, detailed analysis for Asian skin tissues is still lacking. Aim: We present μa and μs′ measurements of Asian skin tissues in the 400- to 1100-nm wavelength range for evaluating optical penetration depth and energy deposition. Approach: The measurements with Asian human skin samples are performed employing a double integrating sphere spectrometric system and an inverse Monte Carlo technique. Using the measured parameters, the optical penetration depth and energy deposition are quantitatively analyzed. Results: The μa of the epidermis layer varies among different ethnic groups, while the μa of the other layers and the μs′ of all of the layers exhibit almost no differences. The analysis reveals that the optical penetration depth and the energy deposition affect the photodynamic therapy treatment depth and the heat production in skin tissue, respectively. Conclusions: The experimentally measured values of μa and μs′ for Asian skin tissues are presented, and the light behavior in Asian skin tissues is analyzed using a layered tissue model.
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Scattering and absorption in the skin tend to decrease with increasing wavelength.
“Scattering and absorption in the skin tend to decrease with increasing wavelength.27–29”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
At 405-532 nm, light penetrates to a maximum depth of ∼0.3 mm reaching the upper part of dermis.
“At 405 - 532 nm, the light penetrates to a maximum depth of ∼0.3 mm reaching the upper part of dermis [53].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
At the wavelength spectrum of 405 nm-1064 nm, absorption ranged from 3.32 mm-1 to 0.13 mm-1 and reduced scattering ranged from 9.95 mm-1 to 2.85 mm-1 in the epidermis (standard deviations for both coefficients tended to reduce with increasing wavelength).
“At the wavelength spectrum of 405 nm - 1064 nm, absorption ranged from 3.32 mm-1 - 0.13 mm-1 and reduced scattering ranged from 9.95 mm-1 - 2.85 mm-1 in the epidermis (standard deviations for both coefficients tended to reduce with increasing wavelength).”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
Peak absorption and scattering coefficients for all skin layers was at 405 nm, steadily reducing with increasing wavelength, with the greatest absorption and scattering coefficients being in the epidermis.
“Peak absorption and scattering coefficients for all skin layers was at 405 nm steadily reducing with increasing wavelength with the greatest absorption and scattering coefficients being in the epidermis.”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
Beyond 980 nm, light has the potential to penetrate the subcutaneous tissue travelling a distance of ∼1.65 mm.
“Beyond 980 nm, light has the potential to penetrate the subcutaneous tissue travelling a distance of ∼1.65 mm.”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
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Theoretical Analysis of Large‐Spot Picosecond Laser Treatment for Pigmented Lesions in Asian Skin
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Self-citationBanerjee, S., Sarkar, S., & Karmakar, S. (2021) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/abf052 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shimojo, Y., Nishimura, T., Tsuruta, D., & Ozawa, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70807-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Self-citationCho, E. H., An, J., Chi, Y., & Choi, K. C. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-68258-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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[Invited Paper] Near-infrared Colorized Imaging Technologies and Their Fundus Camera Applications
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Optical Epidermal Mimicry from Ultraviolet to Infrared Wavelengths
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IN-SILICO PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF NANOPARTICLE-ASSISTED PHOTO THERMAL ABLATION
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Self-citationDevelopment of a glass-based imaging phantom to model the optical properties of human tissue
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Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing on Fingertip Using a Mueller Matrix Polarimetry With Machine Learning
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Controlled Thermal Stimulation Using 980‐nm Laser for Collagen Remodeling
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Ahmed, S. S., & Noury, N. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26206572 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Porcine skin damage threshold from mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator radiation at 3.743 µm
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Pathloss modeling for in-body optical wireless communications
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Two-level model of melanin absorption in picosecond laser skin treatment
Shimojo, Y., Nishimura, T., & Awazu, K. (2022) · doi:10.1117/12.2607426
Self-citationLo, Y., Tsai, C.-C., Chang, C.-M., & Huang, P. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4073137
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Low-Level Light Therapy with LEDs
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- Authors
- Shimojo, Y., Nishimura, T., Hazama, H., Ozawa, T., & Awazu, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Osaka City University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Shimojo, Yu
- Nishimura, Takahiro
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2020-04-30
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- PMC
- PMC7191311
- OpenAlex
- W3023157917
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- JSPS KAKENHI (19K22966, 19K12822)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K22966, 19K12822)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, Asian skin, human epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous adipose tissue, optical penetration depth, energy deposition, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, skin diseases, inverse Monte Carlo, layered tissue model, wavelength dependence
- MeSH terms
- Epidermis, Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Scattering, Radiation, Dermis, Subcutaneous Fat
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