Methodology review: using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition in athletes and active people.
Abstract
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is rapidly becoming more accessible and popular as a technique to monitor body composition, especially in athletic populations. Although studies in sedentary populations have investigated the validity of DXA assessment of body composition, few studies have examined the issues of reliability in athletic populations and most studies which involve DXA measurements of body composition provide little information on their scanning protocols. This review presents a summary of the sources of error and variability in the measurement of body composition by DXA, and develops a theoretical model of best practice to standardize the conduct and analysis of a DXA scan. Components of this protocol include standardization of subject presentation (subjects rested, overnight-fasted and in minimal clothing) and positioning on the scanning bed (centrally aligned in a standard position using custom-made positioning aids) as well as manipulation of the automatic segmentation of regional areas of the scan results. Body composition assessment implemented with such protocol ensures a high level of precision, while still being practical in an athletic setting. This ensures that any small changes in body composition are confidently detected and correctly interpreted. The reporting requirements for studies involving DXA scans of body composition include details of the DXA machine and software, subject presentation and positioning protocols, and analysis protocols.
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DXA measurements were performed following the recommendations proposed by Nanna et al.
“Measurements were performed following the recommendations proposed by Nanna et al. (31).”
From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
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New Frontiers of Body Composition in Sport
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- Authors
- Nana, A., Slater, G. J., Stewart, A. D., & Burke, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of the Sunshine Coast (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nana, Alisa
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 198-215
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2170903444
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body composition assessment, athletes, measurement reliability, measurement error, subject positions, overnight fasting, automatic segmentation, regional body composition, reporting requirements
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Humans, Models, Biological, Sports, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Absorptiometry, Photon, Athletes
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