Vegan and omnivorous high protein diets support comparable daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young adults

Monteyne, Alistair J.; Coelho, Mariana O.C.; Murton, Andrew J.; Abdelrahman, Doaa R.; Blackwell, Jamie R.; Koscien, Christopher P.; Knapp, Karen M.; Fulford, Jonathan; Finnigan, Tim J.A.; Dirks, Marlou L.; Stephens, Francis B.; Wall, Benjamin T.

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.023

Cited by 64Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSports Performance and Training

Vegan and omnivorous high protein diets support comparable daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young adults

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Monteyne, Alistair J., Coelho, Mariana O.C., Murton, Andrew J., Abdelrahman, Doaa R., Blackwell, Jamie R., Koscien, Christopher P., Knapp, Karen M., Fulford, Jonathan +4 more·2023·The Journal of Nutrition

DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.023PMC PMC10308267

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Abstract

It remains unclear whether non–animal-derived dietary protein sources (and therefore vegan diets) can support resistance training-induced skeletal muscle remodeling to the same extent as animal-derived protein sources. In Phase 1, 16 healthy young adults (m = 8, f = 8; age: 23 ± 1 y; BMI: 23 ± 1 kg/m2) completed a 3-d dietary intervention (high protein, 1.8 g·kg bm−1·d−1) where protein was derived from omnivorous (OMNI1; n = 8) or exclusively non-animal (VEG1; n = 8) sources, alongside daily unilateral leg resistance exercise. Resting and exercised daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates were assessed using deuterium oxide. In Phase 2, 22 healthy young adults (m = 11, f = 11; age: 24 ± 1 y; BMI: 23 ± 0 kg/m2) completed a 10 wk, high-volume (5 d/wk), progressive resistance exercise program while consuming an omnivorous (OMNI2; n = 12) or non–animal-derived (VEG2; n = 10) high-protein diet (∼2 g·kg bm−1·d−1). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), whole-body lean mass (via DXA), thigh muscle volume (via MRI), muscle strength, and muscle function were determined pre, after 2 and 5 wk, and postintervention. To investigate whether a high-protein, mycoprotein-rich, non-animal-derived diet can support resistance training-induced skeletal muscle remodeling to the same extent as an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet. Daily MyoPS rates were ∼12% higher in the exercised than in the rested leg (2.46 ± 0.27%·d−1 compared with 2.20 ± 0.33%·d−1 and 2.62 ± 0.56%·d−1 compared with 2.36 ± 0.53%·d−1 in OMNI1 and VEG1, respectively; P < 0.001) and not different between groups (P > 0.05). Resistance training increased lean mass in both groups by a similar magnitude (OMNI2 2.6 ± 1.1 kg, VEG2 3.1 ± 2.5 kg; P > 0.05). Likewise, training comparably increased thigh muscle volume (OMNI2 8.3 ± 3.6%, VEG2 8.3 ± 4.1%; P > 0.05), and muscle fiber CSA (OMNI2 33 ± 24%, VEG2 32 ± 48%; P > 0.05). Both groups increased strength (1 repetition maximum) of multiple muscle groups, to comparable degrees. Omnivorous and vegan diets can support comparable rested and exercised daily MyoPS rates in healthy young adults consuming a high-protein diet. This translates to similar skeletal muscle adaptive responses during prolonged high-volume resistance training, irrespective of dietary protein provenance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03572127.

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Planning and adhering to a higher protein vegan/vegetarian diet is eminently achievable, and consideration to food choices can achieve protein intakes in line with current recommendations.
“However, multiple studies [[62], [63], [64]] have shown that planning and adhering to a high(er) protein vegan/vegetarian diet is eminently achievable, which we illustrate in sample diets where consideration to food choices can achieve protein intakes in line with current recommendations (Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Table 2).”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [64]

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Effect of resistance training and protein intake pattern on myofibrillar protein synthesis and proteome kinetics in older men in energy restriction
Murphy, C. H., Shankaran, M., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Mitchell, C. J., Kolar, N. M., Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Kassis, A. N., Karagounis, L. G., Li, K. W., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275246 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Evolution of Recommended Dietary Allowances—New Directions?
Harper, A. E. (1987) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.07.070187.002453 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Kingdom) [9] in concert with progressive, high-volume resistance training, is the optimal strategy to support maximal rates of muscle hypertrophy [10,53,54].”
Background
Daily resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis in vivo in young men.
Holwerda, A., Paulussen, K., Overkamp, M., Smeets, J., Gijsen, A., Goessens, J., Verdijk, L., & van Loon, L. V. (2018) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00610.2017 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Does oral creatine supplementation improve strength? A meta-analysis.
Dempsey, R. L., Mazzone, M. F., & Meurer, L. N. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dietary protein intake does not modulate daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates or loss of muscle mass and function during short-term immobilization in young men: a randomized controlled trial
Kilroe, S. P., Fulford, J., Jackman, S. R., Holwerda, A. M., Gijsen, A. P., van Loon, L. J. C., & Wall, B. T. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa136 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Presleep protein ingestion does not compromise the muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingested the following morning
Wall, B. T., Burd, N. A., Franssen, R., Gorissen, S. H. M., Snijders, T., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00325.2016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Does Short-Term Near-Maximal Intensity Machine Resistance Training Induce Overtraining?
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., Lynch, J. M., Triplett, N. T., & Koziris, L. P. (1994) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1994)008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Trained Integrated Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Correlate with Hypertrophy in Young Males and Females
Sawan, S. A., Hodson, N. W., Malowany, J. M., West, D. W. D., Tinline‐Goodfellow, C. T., Brook, M. S., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., Kumbhare, D. A., & Moore, D. R. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002878 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Muscle size and strength: debunking the “completely separate phenomena” suggestion
Balshaw, T. G., Massey, G. J., Maden‐Wilkinson, T., & Folland, J. P. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3616-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Daily protein-polyphenol ingestion increases daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and promotes early muscle functional gains during resistance training
Pavis, G. F., Jameson, T. S. O., Blackwell, J. R., Fulford, J., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Alamdari, N., Mikus, C. R., Wall, B. T., & Stephens, F. B. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2021 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Periodization
Baker, D., Wilson, G. J., & Carlyon, R. P. (1994) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199411000-00006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

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Sorted by citations

Popular Dietary Trends’ Impact on Athletic Performance: A Critical Analysis Review
Kaufman, M. W., Nguyen, C., Shetty, M., Oppezzo, M., Barrack, M. T., & Fredericson, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163511 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The effects of whey, pea, and collagen protein supplementation beyond the recommended dietary allowance on integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic rates in older males: a randomized controlled trial
McKendry, J., Lowisz, C. V., Nanthakumar, A., Macdonald, M. L., Lim, C., Currier, B. S., & Phillips, S. M. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Understanding Dietary Protein Quality: Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Scores and Beyond
Matthews, J. J., Arentson-Lantz, E., Moughan, P. J., Wolfe, R. R., Ferrando, A., & Church, D. D. (2025) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mycoprotein: A Healthy and Sustainable Source of Alternative Protein-Based Foods
Finnigan, T. J. A., Theobald, H. E., & Bajka, B. H. (2024) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-111523-121802 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review
Naderi, A., Rothschild, J. A., Santos, H. O., Hamidvand, A., Koozehchian, M. S., Ghazzagh, A., Berjisian, E., & Podlogar, T. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Plant-based proteins such as soy, rice, and pea protein, while effective [82], generally require higher doses (25–40 g) to match the leucine threshold necessary for robust MPS stimulation owing to lower essential amino acid content [53, 74, 83].”
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The VegPlate for Sports: A Plant-Based Food Guide for Athletes
Baroni, L., Pelosi, E., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15071746 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ingestion of mycoprotein, pea protein, and their blend support comparable postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resistance-trained individuals
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Whelehan, G., van der Heijden, I., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2023 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dietary protein recommendations to support healthy muscle ageing in the 21st century and beyond: considerations and future directions
Morgan, P. T., Witard, O. C., Højfeldt, G. W., Church, D. D., & Breen, L. (2023) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665123003750 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Well-Balanced Vegan Diet Does not Compromise Daily Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates when Compared with an Omnivorous Diet in Active Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial
Domić, J., Pinckaers, P. J., Grootswagers, P., Siebelink, E., Gerdessen, J. C., van Loon, L. J. C., & de Groot, C. P. G. M. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Impact of Plant-Based Proteins on Muscle Mass and Strength Performance: A Comprehensive Review
López‐Moreno, M., & Kraselnik, A. (2025) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00628-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults
van der Heijden, I., West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns and Physical Activity on Body Composition: A Gender and Age Group Comparative Study
Lombardo, M., Feraco, A., Camajani, E., Gorini, S., Strollo, R., Armani, A., Padua, E., & Caprio, M. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13040529 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dietary protein considerations in a sustainable and ageing world: a narrative review with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions and skeletal muscle remodelling and maintenance
Morgan, P. T., Carson, B. P., & Witard, O. C. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07945-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ingestion of a variety of non-animal-derived dietary protein sources results in diverse postprandial plasma amino acid responses which differ between young and older adults
van der Heijden, I., West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Finnigan, T., Abdelrahman, D., Murton, A., Stephens, F., & Wall, B. T. (2024) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524000163 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Animal vs Plant-Based Meat: A Hearty Debate
Nagra, M., Tsamkiranis, F., Ward, S., & Ur, E. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.11.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Increasing plant protein in the diet induces changes in the plasma metabolome that may be beneficial for metabolic health. A randomized crossover study in males
Lépine, G., Mariotti, F., Tremblay‐Franco, M., Courrent, M., Verny, M., David, J., Mathé, V., Jame, P., Anchisi, A., Lefranc‐Millot, C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.10.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nutritional considerations for vegetarian athletes: A narrative review
Luna, F., Rossi, E. V., & Arrieta, E. M. (2024) · Human Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200267 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Protein Requirements for Maximal Muscle Mass and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Scaled to Meet Energy Needs: A Modeling Study in Professional American Football Players
Goldman, D., Warbeck, C. B., & Karlsen, M. C. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16121903 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Are Plant-Based Diets Detrimental to Muscular Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
López‐Moreno, M., Rossi, E. V., López‐Gil, J. F., Marrero‐Fernández, P., Roldán‐Ruiz, A., & Bertotti, G. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00852-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Novel Low-Impact Resistance Exercise Program Increases Strength and Balance in Females Irrespective of Menopause Status
SVENSEN, E., Koscien, C. P., Alamdari, N., Wall, B. T., & Stephens, F. B. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003586 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Impact of Vegan Diets on Resistance Exercise–Mediated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Healthy Young Males and Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Askow, A. T., Barnes, T. M., Zupančič, Ž., Deutz, M. T., Paulussen, K. J. M., McKenna, C. F., Salvador, A. F., ULANOV, A. V., Paluska, S. A., Willard, J. W., et al. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003725 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Completely Plant-Based Diets That Meet Energy Requirements for Resistance Training Can Supply Enough Protein and Leucine to Maximize Hypertrophy and Strength in Male Bodybuilders: A Modeling Study
Goldman, D., Warbeck, C. B., & Karlsen, M. C. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16081122 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The influence of a vegan diet on body composition, performance and the menstrual cycle in young, recreationally trained women– a 12-week controlled trial
Isenmann, E., Trojak, I., Lesch, A., Schalla, J., Havers, T., Diel, P. R., & Geisler, S. (2024) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2024.2413961 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Are plant-based and omnivorous diets the same for muscle hypertrophy? A narrative review of possible challenges of plant-based diets in resistance-trained athletes
Ashtary‐Larky, D. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2025.112742 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Investigating muscle protein synthesis using deuterium oxide: The impact of dietary protein interventions across the lifespan
Brook, M. S. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092016 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mycelial protein as a novel alternative protein: A comparative study on the nutritional, digestible and processing quality with soy and yeast proteins
Li, T., Liu, S., Jia, Y., Li, Z., Zorn, H., & Xin, F. (2026) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2026.118978 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review
Nieto, Á. A. V., Díaz, A. H., & Hernández, M. (2025) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00633-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Influence of Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets on Protein Metabolism: A Role for the Gut–Muscle Axis?
Alrefai, W., Keenan, S. J., CAMERA, D. M., & Cooke, M. B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071142 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alternative protein sources and healthy skeletal muscle aging: A narrative review
Dai, Z., Zhao, Y., Ke, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, J., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Shang, H., & Xia, Z. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.106990 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dietary Habits and Race Day Strategies among Flexitarian, Vegetarian, and Vegan Recreational Endurance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Investigation from The NURMI Study (Step 2)
Tanous, D., Motevalli, M. S., Leitzmann, C., Wirnitzer, G., Rosemann, T. J., Knechtle, B., & Wirnitzer, K. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16111647 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Plant-Based Nutrition and Supplements for Optimal Athletic Performance
Rosenfeld, R. M., Zinman, S., & Bonnet, J. P. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276251393663 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Is There a Specific Role for Fungal Protein Within Food Based Dietary Guidelines? A Roundtable Discussion
Derbyshire, E. J., Brameld, J. M., Wall, B. T., Thomas, P. W., Arens, U., Forde, C. G., Hall, W. L., Glenn, A. J., Hill, T. R., & Paxman, J. R. (2025) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.70011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns and Their Associations with Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Vegans, Vegetarians, Pescatarians, and Omnivores: A Cross-Sectional Study
Kwiatkowska, I., Olszak, J., & Formanowicz, D. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17233634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
No Differences in Muscular Adaptations to Long‐Term Resistance Training Between Young Strict Vegetarian and Non‐Vegetarian Women
Martini, G. L., Schemes, M. B., Strey, B. M., Schneider, C. D., de Souza, C. G., & Pinto, R. S. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70224 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Postprandial Bioavailability and Efficacy of Recombinant Bovine β-Lactoglobulin for Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation in Young Adults
ROGERS, L. M., Quinlan, J. I., Lau, K. M., BELFIELD, A. E., Korzepa, M., Hannaian, S. J., Gritsas, A., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Wallis, G. A., & Breen, L. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003756 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meatless Muscle Growth: Building Muscle Size and Strength on a Mycoprotein-Rich Vegan Diet
Hannaian, S. J., & Churchward‐Venne, T. A. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Strength Through Science: A Comprehensive Look at Resistance Training and Protein Intake in Muscle Development
Kuśmierska, M., & Kuśmierski, J. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.15.51852 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Contribution of Whole-Food and Supplemental Derived Dietary Protein, From Animal and Nonanimal Origins, to Daily Protein Intake in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Haigh, F. A., Whelehan, G., West, S., Apicella, M. C. A., Wilkinson, K., van der Heijden, I., Jameson, T. S. O., Pavis, G. F., Monteyne, A. J., Dirks, M. L., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0152 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comparable amino acid & intramuscular signalling responses following consumption of a novel microflora compared to whey protein post-resistance exercise in young adults
Pratt, J., Acheson, J., Lazaratou, A., Greenhalgh, E. K., Witard, O. C., Sale, C., Hannaian, S. J., Gritsas, A., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Hearris, M. A., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jnphys.2025.100001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Algae-Derived Protein Sources: A Sustainable Recipe to Support Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling?
Rogers, L. M., & Breen, L. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Consuming less ultra-processed food is associated with inadequate protein intake among vegan dietersPreprint
Leitão, A. E., Esteves, G. P., Mazzolani, B. C., Smaira, F. I., Santini, M. H., André, H. C. S., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.12.11.23299823
Protein and Leucine Requirements for Maximal Muscular Development and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Modeled to Meet Energy Needs in Adult Male Rugby Players
Goldman, D., Warbeck, C. B., & Karlsen, M. C. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12070186
อาหารและโภชนาการเพอความยงยนในการจดการภาวะมวลกลามเนอนอยของผสงอาย
ไหวคิด, พ., & เปียซื่อ, น. (2024) · The Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council · doi:10.60099/jtnmc.v39i03.270000
Einflussnehmende Faktoren der medizinischen Trainingstherapie
Wolfram, S., & Bauer, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69586-9_7
EMAGRECIMENTO E HIPERTROFIA: COMPONENTES QUE ESTRUTURAM UMA BOA DIETA PARA INDIVÍDUOS COM SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE QUE BUSCAM HIPERTROFIA
Marinho, J. C. J., Filho, S. G. A., & de Lima, L. T. (2024) · Revista Contemporânea · doi:10.56083/rcv4n10-075
Influencing Factors of Medical Exercise Therapy
Wolfram, S., & Bauer, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70774-6_7
Potential risks of a non-matched vegan diet on biomarkers of health status, body composition and performance in young female athletes – a 12-week randomized controlled trialPreprint
Dissemond, J., Lesch, A., Valder, S., Schalla, J., Friedrichsen, S., Geisler, S., Belen, S., Zimmer, P., Flenker, U., Isenmann, E., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7319305/v1
Similar effects between animal-based and plant-based protein blend as complementary dietary protein on muscle adaptations to resistance training: findings from a randomized clinical trial
Santini, M. H., Leitão, A. E., Mazzolani, B. C., Smaira, F. I., de Souza, M. A., Santamaria, A., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2568047 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Debunking the plant protein paradox
INAMDAR, A. V., Sethi, Y., & Sharma, U. (2025) · Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance · doi:10.55860/svjn2693
The Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Mental Health (Vegetarian Diet)
Allam, S., Khafaga, D. S. R., ElSherefy, S. S., Elgarawany, A., Elainein, M. A. A., & Lasheen, N. N. (2025) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1983-5_5
Targeted metabolomic and nutritional analyses of a variety of protein-rich whole-food sourcesPreprint
Haigh, F. A. D., Salmon, D., Theobald, H. E., Finnigan, T. J. A., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7694307/v1
A high-protein plant-based vs omnivorous diet modulates markers of cardiometabolic health without altering micronutrient status during resistance training
van der Heijden, I., West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Coelho, M. D. F. R., Finnigan, T. J. A., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jnphys.2025.100012
Regenerationsmanagement und Ernährung
Wiewelhove, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69524-1_9
Efficacy of a resistance training program on muscle mass and muscle strength in adults following a vegan versus omnivorous diet: A nonrandomized four-arm parallel clinical trial
Cárcamo-Regla, R., Alcaide-Leyva, J. M., Zapata-Lamana, R., Martorell, M., Carrasco-Marín, F., & Molina‐Recio, G. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2025.113047
Molecular Basis and Practical Applications of Training, Nutrition and Recovery for Maximum Gains in Lean Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review for Optimizing Muscular Hypertrophy
Nieto, Á. A. V., Díaz, A. H., Millán, M. H., & Sagredo, D. (2026) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381261438760
Vegan Diets for Athletes
Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2026) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837678907-00401
Vegetarian diets in female athletes: performance, health outcomes, and the implementation gap
López‐Moreno, M., Pérez-Díaz-del-Campo, N., Villa, N., Leszczyńska, P. M., Sánchez-Infante, J., & Marrero‐Fernández, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1901139
Similar Muscle Recovery but Greater Soreness in Active Vegans on Low‐Protein Diets Compared to High‐Protein Omnivores Following Exercise‐Induced Damage
Mendes-Netto, R. S., de Carvalho, F. G., de Souza, A. C., Brandão, M. D. S., Oliveira, D. L., Costa, M. L., Borges, M. N., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2026) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.70064
Mycoprotein as a sustainable alternative protein source: fermentation systems, nutritional value, health-promoting properties, and sustainability
Lee, D. J., Yoon, J., Kim, A. J., Jang, K. B., & Kim, Y. (2026) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103571
Physiological Adaptation to Plant-Based Diets: A Homeostatic Framework for Sustained Dietary Change
López‐Moreno, M., Nagra, M., Jiménez, M. D. C. F.-F., Gomez-Herrera, G. P., & Kahleová, H. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15171520
THE IMPACT OF HIGH-PROTEIN DIETS ON RENAL FUNCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Kułaga, M., Tyszkiewicz, K., Kasprzak, A., Grzybek, M., Mazur-Lesińska, D., Szostak, B., Wielgosz-Biała, S., Łozowski, B., Kasprzak, M., & Wilczyńska, B. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.5792
An Evolutionary Perspective on Sports Nutrition: Strengths, Vulnerabilities, and Targeted Interventions in Homo sapiens
Trexler, E. T., & Pontzer, H. (2026) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101884
A three-week vegan diet does not impact physical performance but induces alterations in body composition and well-being in physically active adults
Pohl, A., Schünemann, F., Böker, M., Reeb, A., & Gehlert, S. (2026) · Translational Exercise Biomedicine · doi:10.1515/teb-2026-0029

A mycoprotein-based high-protein vegan diet supports equivalent daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates compared with an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in older adults: a randomised controlled trial
Monteyne, A. J., Dunlop, M. V., Machin, D. J., Coelho, M. D. F. R., Pavis, G. F., Porter, C. C., Murton, A. J., Abdelrahman, D. R., Dirks, M. L., Stephens, F. B., et al. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520004481 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Impact of Vegan Diets on Resistance Exercise–Mediated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Healthy Young Males and Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Askow, A. T., Barnes, T. M., Zupančič, Ž., Deutz, M. T., Paulussen, K. J. M., McKenna, C. F., Salvador, A. F., ULANOV, A. V., Paluska, S. A., Willard, J. W., et al. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003725 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Omnivorous And Vegan Dietary Patterns Similarly Support Exercise-mediated Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis In Healthy Adults
Askow, A. T., Barnes, T. M., Zupančič, Ž., Deutz, M. T., McKenna, C. F., Salvador, A. F., Paulussen, K. J. M., Paluska, S. A., Willard, J. W., ULANOV, A. V., et al. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000988404.83373.43 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores
Hevia-Larraín, V., Gualano, B., Longobardi, I., Gil, S., Fernandes, A. L., Costa, L. A. R., Pereira, R. M. R., Artioli, G. G., Phillips, S. M., & Roschel, H. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01434-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Resistance training increases myofibrillar protein synthesis in middle-to-older aged adults consuming a typical diet with no influence of protein source: a randomized controlled trial
Korzepa, M., Quinlan, J. I., Marshall, R. N., Rogers, L. M., Belfield, A. E., Elhassan, Y., Lawson, A., Ayre, C., Senden, J. M., Goessens, J. P. B., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Authors: Monteyne, A. J., Coelho, M. O. C., Murton, A. J., Abdelrahman, D. R., Blackwell, J. R., Koscien, C. P., Knapp, K. M., Fulford, J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Dirks, M. L., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T.
Affiliations: University of Exeter (GB)
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
Quorn (United Kingdom) (GB)
Corresponding author: Wall, Benjamin T.
ORCID: Monteyne, Alistair J.
Murton, Andrew J.
Abdelrahman, Doaa R.
Blackwell, Jamie R.
Koscien, Christopher P.
Knapp, Karen M.
Fulford, Jonathan
Finnigan, Tim J.A.
Dirks, Marlou L.
Stephens, Francis B.
Wall, Benjamin T.
Venue: The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2023-06
Volume: 153
Issue: 6
Pages: 1680-1695
ISSN: 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.023
PMC: PMC10308267
OpenAlex: W4321498235
Cited by: 64
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 9
FWCI: 9.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: University of Exeter
National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: vegan diet, high-protein diet, myofibrillar protein synthesis, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, resistance training, mycoprotein, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, lean body mass, muscle strength, muscle function, young adults, deuterium oxide tracer, thigh muscle volume
MeSH terms: Vegans, Diet, Vegan, Diet, High-Protein, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Hypertrophy, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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Vegan and omnivorous high protein diets support comparable daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young adults

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