Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 11,442

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future

Wolf, S. A., Awschalom, D. D., Buhrman, R. A., Daughton, J. M., von Molnár, S., Roukes, M. L., Chtchelkanova, A. Y., Treger, D. M.·2001·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1065389
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This review describes a new paradigm of electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron. Either adding the spin degree of freedom to conventional charge-based electronic devices or using the spin alone has the potential advantages of nonvolatility, increased data processing speed, decreased electric power consumption, and increased integration densities compared with conventional semiconductor devices. To successfully incorporate spins into existing semiconductor technology, one has to resolve technical issues such as efficient injection, transport, control and manipulation, and detection of spin polarization as well as spin-polarized currents. Recent advances in new materials engineering hold the promise of realizing spintronic devices in the near future. We review the current state of the spin-based devices, efforts in new materials fabrication, issues in spin transport, and optical spin manipulation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1065389

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 113

  1. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Grunberg P., Zinn W., Phys. Rev. B 42, 8110 (1990). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.8110
  3. 10.1126/science.282.5394.1660 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Dieny B., et al., J. Appl. Phys. 69, 4774 (1991). · DOI · Paper page
  5. S. Parkin D. Mauri Phys. Rev. B 44 7131 (1991). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.44.7131
  6. Egelhoff W. F., et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17, 1702 (1999). · doi:10.1116/1.590812
  7. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3273 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Miyazaki T., et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 151, 403 (1995). · doi:10.1016/0304-8853(95)00563-3
  9. Daughton J., Brown J., Beech R., Pohm A., Kude W., IEEE Trans. Magn. 30, 4608 (1994). · doi:10.1109/20.334164
  10. Tondra M., Daughton J., Wang D., Fink A., J. Appl. Phys. 83, 6698 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  11. C. Tsang et al. IEEE Trans. Magn. 30 3801 (1994). · doi:10.1109/20.333909
  12. R. E. Scheuerlein et al. 2000 IEEE ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers Cat. No.00CH37056 128 (2000).
  13. P. Naji M. Durlam S. Tehrani J. Cader M. DeHerrera paper presented at the International Solid State Circuits Conference (2001).
  14. R. Katti et al. Paper FD-04 presented at the 8th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference San Antonio TX 7 to 11 January 2001.
  15. Verslujs J. J., Coey J. M. D., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226, 688 (2001). · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(01)00246-3
  16. Akinaga H., Mizuguchi M., Ono K., Oshima M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 357 (2000). · doi:10.1063/1.125753
  17. Jo M.-H., Mathur N. D., Todd N. K., Blamire M. G., Phys. Rev. B 61, R14905 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.r14905
  18. Tanaka M., J. Cryst. Growth 201/202, 660 (1999). · doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(98)01446-8
  19. Prinz G., Hathaway K., Phys. Today 48, 24 (1995). · DOI
  20. Methfessel S., Mattis D. C., Handb. Phys. 18, 389 (1968).
  21. Ohno H., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 363 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1126/science.287.5455.1019 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1038/35050040 · DOI · Paper page
  24. von Molnár S., IBM J. Res. Dev. 14, 269 (1970). · doi:10.1147/rd.143.0269
  25. de Grot R. A., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 2024 (1983). · DOI · Paper page
  26. Dong J. W., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1443 (1999). · doi:10.1063/1.125009
  27. Tanaka C. T., Nowak J., Moodera J. S., J. Appl. Phys. 86, 6239 (1999). · doi:10.1063/1.371678
  28. Watts S. M., et al., Phys. Rev B 61, 9621 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.9621
  29. Coey J. M. D., Viret M., von Molnár S., Adv. Phys. 48, 169 (1999).
  30. Jedema F. J., Filip A. T., van Wees B. J., Nature 410, 345 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  31. Worledge D. C., Geballe T. H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 900 (2000). · doi:10.1063/1.125623
  32. Park J.-H., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1953 (1998). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.1953
  33. Versluijs J. J., Bari M. A., Coey J. M. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 026601 (2001). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.026601
  34. 10.1126/science.282.5386.85 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Y. Ji et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 5585 (2001) . · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.208
  36. Beam C. P., Rodbell D. S., Phys. Rev. 126, 104 (1962). · doi:10.1103/physrev.126.104
  37. Akinaga H., Mizuguchi M., Ono K., Oshima M., J. Mag. Soc. Jpn. 22, 451 (2000). · doi:10.3379/jmsjmag.24.451
  38. 10.1126/science.1056186 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Zhao J., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2776 (2001). · doi:10.1063/1.1413732
  40. Yamada N., et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 55, 3721 (1986). · doi:10.1143/jpsj.55.3721
  41. Park Y. D., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2739 (2001). · doi:10.1063/1.1369151
  42. Young D. P., et al., Nature 397, 412 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  43. Tromp H. J., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 016401 (2001). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.016401
  44. 10.1126/science.1065300 · doi:10.1126/science.1065300
  45. Monzon F. G., Roukes M., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 198-199, 632 (1999). · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(98)01205-0
  46. S. Gardelis et al. Phys. Rev. B 60 7764 (1999). · DOI
  47. Johnson M., Silsbee R. H., Phys. Rev. B 35, 4959 (1987). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.35.4959
  48. van Son P. C., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2271 (1987). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.2271
  49. Valet T., Fert A., Phys. Rev. B 48, 7099 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  50. Hershfield S., Zhao H. L., Phys. Rev. B 56, 3296 (1997). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.56.3296
  51. Schmidt G., et al., Phys. Rev. B 62, R4790 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  52. Kamper K. P., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2788 (1988). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2788
  53. Johnson M., Phys. Rev B 58, 9635 (1998). · DOI
  54. Hammar P. R., Bennett B. R., Yang M. J., Johnson M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 203 (1999). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.203
  55. Hammar P. R., Johnson M., Phys. Rev. B 61, 7207 (2000). · DOI
  56. Johnson M., Physica E 10, 472 (2001). · doi:10.1016/s1386-9477(01)00140-0
  57. Bychkov Y. A., Rashba E. I., Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 39, 66 (1984).
  58. F. G. Monzon et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5022 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.5022
  59. Wees B. J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5023 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.5023
  60. Hammar P. R., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5024 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.5024
  61. S. F. Alvarado Ph. Renaud Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 1387 (1992). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.68.1387
  62. 10.1126/science.292.5521.1518 · doi:10.1126/science.292.5521.1518
  63. Rashba E. I., Phys. Rev. B 62, R16267 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  64. Chen L. C., et al., J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 18, 2057 (2000). · doi:10.1116/1.1306297
  65. Zhu H. J., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 016601 (2001). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.016601
  66. Kirczenow G., Phys. Rev. B 63, 054422 (2001). · DOI
  67. Grundler D., Phys. Rev. B 63, R161307 (2001). · DOI
  68. Upadhyay S. K., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3247 (1998). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.3247
  69. Upadhyay S. K., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3881 (1999). · doi:10.1063/1.124211
  70. Monsma D., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5260 (1995). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.74.5260
  71. Jansen R., et al., J. Appl Phys. 89, 7431 (2001). · doi:10.1063/1.1357857
  72. Rippard W. H., Buhrman R. A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 971 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.971
  73. Tang H. X., et al., Phys. Rev. B 61, 4437 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.4437
  74. 10.1063/1.102730 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Sham L. J., Ostreich T., J. Lumin. 87, 179 (2000). · doi:10.1016/s0022-2313(99)00255-0
  76. Sham L. J., J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 200, 219 (1999). · DOI
  77. Flatte M. E., Vignale G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1273 (2001). · doi:10.1063/1.1348317
  78. 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.9353 · DOI · Paper page
  79. 10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5 · DOI · Paper page
  80. ___, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 195, L261 (1999). · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00043-8
  81. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4281 · DOI · Paper page
  82. 10.1126/science.285.5429.867 · DOI · Paper page
  83. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4212 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.4212
  84. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3149 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.3149
  85. 10.1126/science.1057430 · doi:10.1126/science.1057430
  86. Awschalom D. D., Kikkawa J. M., Phys. Today 52, 33 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  87. 10.1126/science.277.5330.1284 · DOI · Paper page
  88. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4313 · DOI · Paper page
  89. ___, Nature 397, 139 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  90. Gupta J. A., Peng X., Alivisatos A. P., Awschalom D. D., Phys. Rev. B 59, R10421 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  91. Flatté M., Byers J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4220 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.4220
  92. Ohno Y., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4196 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  93. Malajovich I., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1015 (2000). · DOI
  94. Malajovich I., et al., Nature 411, 770 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  95. Beschoten B., et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, R121202 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  96. Crooker S. A., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 505 (1995). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.505
  97. R. Fiederling et al. Nature 402 787 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  98. Jonker B. T., et al., Phys. Rev. B 62, 8180 (2000). · doi:10.1103/physrevb.62.8180
  99. 10.1038/45509 · DOI · Paper page
  100. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4617 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.4617
  101. DiVincenzo D. P., et al., Nature 408, 339 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  102. 10.1126/science.287.5452.473 · DOI
  103. Salis G., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2677 (2001). · DOI
  104. 10.1126/science.1063186 · DOI
  105. Burkard G., Engel H., Loss D., Fortschr. Phys. 48, 965 (2000). · DOI
  106. Engel H.-A., Loss D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4648 (2001). · DOI
  107. Bonadeo N. H., et al., Science 282, 1473 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  108. Paillard N., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1634 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  109. 10.1126/science.1061169 · DOI · Paper page
  110. R. Vrijen et al. Phys. Rev. A 62 012306 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  111. Gordon J. P., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1, 368 (1958). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.1.368
  112. Korotini M. A., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4305 (1998). · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.4305
  113. Kikkawa J. M., et al., Physica E 9, 194 (2001). · DOI

Cited by

See all 11,442

Metadata

Authors
Wolf, S. A., Awschalom, D. D., Buhrman, R. A., Daughton, J. M., von Molnár, S., Roukes, M. L., Chtchelkanova, A. Y., & Treger, D. M.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2001-11-16
Volume
294
Issue
5546
Pages
1488-1495
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1065389
OpenAlex
W1969200114
Cited by
11,442
References
2
FWCI
197.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1065389
The paper
Wolf, S. A., Awschalom, D. D., Buhrman, R. A., Daughton, J. M., von Molnár, S., Roukes, M. L., Chtchelkanova, A. Y., & Treger, D. M. (2001). Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065389

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.