The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
Abstract
Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family recognize conserved microbial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide and viral double-stranded RNA, and activate signaling pathways that result in immune responses against microbial infections. All TLRs activate MyD88-dependent pathways to induce a core set of stereotyped responses, such as inflammation. However, individual TLRs can also induce immune responses that are tailored to a given microbial infection. Thus, these receptors are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms and components of these varied responses are only partly understood. Given the importance of TLRs in host defense, dissection of the pathways they activate has become an important emerging research focus. TLRs and their pathways are numerous; Science 's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment's TLR Connections Map provides an immediate, clear overview of the known components and relations of this complex system.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
Cited by
Hayden, M. S., & Ghosh, S. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1228704 · Cited by 3,842
Pyroptosis: Mechanisms and Diseases
Yu, P., Zhang, X., Liu, N., Tang, L., Peng, C., & Chen, X. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00507-5 · Cited by 2,353
Noncoding RNA therapeutics—Challenges and potential solutions
Winkle, M., El-Daly, S. M., Fabbri, M., & Calin, G. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z · Cited by 1,551
Tili, E., Michaille, J.-J., Cimino, A., Costinean, S., Dumitru, C. D., Adair, B., Fabbri, M., Alder, H., Liu, C. G., Calin, G. A., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5082 · Cited by 1,304
Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance
Pal, D., Dasgupta, S., Kundu, R., Maitra, S., Das, G., Mukhopadhyay, S., Ray, S., Majumdar, S. S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2851 · Cited by 922
Hyaluronan in Tissue Injury and Repair
Jiang, D., Liang, J., & Noble, P. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123337 · Cited by 835
Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and Depression
Dantzer, R. (2009) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.002 · Cited by 789
Para-Inflammation in the Aging Retina
Xu, H., Chen, M., & Forrester, J. V. (2009) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.001 · Cited by 659
Bellocchio, S., Montagnoli, C., Bozza, S., Gaziano, R., Rossi, G., Mambula, S. S., Vecchi, A., Mantovani, A., Levitz, S. M., & Romani, L. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.3059 · Cited by 515
Liu, G., Friggeri, A., Yang, Y., Park, Y.-J., Tsuruta, Y., & Abraham, E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0901216106 · Cited by 438
Koushki, K., Shahbaz, S. K., Mashayekhi, K., Sadeghi, M., Zayeri, Z. D., Taba, M. Y., Banach, M., Al-Rasadi, K., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-020-08791-9 · Cited by 382
Cytokine, sickness behavior, and depression
Dantzer, R. (2006) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2006.03.003 · Cited by 340
Targeting inflammasome/IL-1 pathways for cancer immunotherapy
Guo, B., Fu, S., Zhang, J., Liu, B., & Li, Z. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36107 · Cited by 302
Liu, X., Zhan, Z., Li, D., Xu, L., Ma, F., Zhang, P., Yao, H., & Cao, X. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2015 · Cited by 261
PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry (an update from 2020 to 2021)
He, M., Cao, C., Ni, Z., Liu, Y., Song, P., Hao, S., He, Y., Sun, X., & Rao, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00999-9 · Cited by 283
miR-125a-5p Regulates Differential Activation of Macrophages and Inflammation
Banerjee, S., Cui, H., Xie, N., Tan, Z., Yang, S., Icyuz, M., Thannickal, V. J., Abraham, E., & Liu, G. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.426866 · Cited by 258
Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer
Gao, R., Gao, Z., Huang, L., & Qin, H. (2017) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2881-8 · Cited by 205
The extracellular matrix protein mindin is a pattern-recognition molecule for microbial pathogens
He, Y.-W., Li, H., Zhang, J., Hsu, C.-L., Lin, E., Zhang, N., Guo, J., Forbush, K. A., & Bevan, M. J. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1021 · Cited by 171
An, H., Xu, H., Zhang, M., Zhou, J., Feng, T., Qian, C., Qi, R., & Cao, X. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0191 · Cited by 140
CISH and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
Khor, C. C., Vannberg, F. O., Chapman, S. J., Guo, H., Wong, S. H., Walley, A. J., Vukcevic, D., Rautanen, A., Mills, T. C., Chang, K.-C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0905606 · Cited by 136
Inflammasomes and Cancer: The Dynamic Role of the Inflammasome in Tumor Development
Kantono, M., & Guo, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01132 · Cited by 133
Stimulated Innate Resistance of Lung Epithelium Protects Mice Broadly against Bacteria and Fungi
Evans, S. E., Scott, B. L., Clement, C. G., Larson, D. T., Kontoyiannis, D., Lewis, R. E., LaSala, P. R., Pawlik, J., Peterson, J. W., Chopra, A. K., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0260oc · Cited by 129
Cytoplasmic Mechanisms of Recognition and Defense of Microbial Nucleic Acids
Hu, M.-M., & Shu, H.-B. (2018) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062903 · Cited by 110
de Kivit, S., Kraneveld, A. D., Garssen, J., & Willemsen, L. E. M. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.086 · Cited by 94
Hafizi Abu Bakar, M., Kian Kai, C., Wan Hassan, W. N., Sarmidi, M. R., Yaakob, H., & Zaman Huri, H. (2015) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2601 · Cited by 91
Acute Brain Injury Triggers MyD88-Dependent, TLR2/4-Independent Inflammatory Responses
Koedel, U., Merbt, U. M., Schmidt, C., Angele, B., Popp, B., Wagner, H., Pfister, H.-W., & Kirschning, C. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060821 · Cited by 78
Characterization of the Nuclear Factor-κB Responsiveness of the Human dio2 Gene
Zeöld, A., Doleschall, M., Haffner, M. C., Capelo, L. P., Menyhért, J., Liposits, Z., da Silva, W. S., Bianco, A. C., Kacskovics, I., Fekete, C., et al. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1608 · Cited by 72
SARM1, Not MyD88, Mediates TLR7/TLR9-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons
Mukherjee, P., Winkler, C. W., Taylor, K. G., Woods, T. A., Nair, V., Khan, B. A., & Peterson, K. E. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500953 · Cited by 64
Assessing IRAK4 Functions in ABC DLBCL by IRAK4 Kinase Inhibition and Protein Degradation
Zhang, J., Fu, L., Shen, B., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Cai, X., Kong, L., Yan, Y., Meng, R., Zhang, Z., et al. (2020) · Cell Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.010 · Cited by 63
Relationship between saturated fatty acids and periodontal disease
Iwasaki, M., Manz, M. C., Moynihan, P., Yoshihara, A., Muramatsu, K., Watanabe, R., & Miyazaki, H. (2011) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034511405384 · Cited by 55
Alam, M., Alam, Q., Kamal, M., Abuzenadah, A., & Haque, A. (2014) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/18715273113126660151 · Cited by 47
Chen, D., Sui, L., Chen, C., Liu, S., Sun, X., & Guan, J. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203824 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Barton, G. M., & Medzhitov, R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2003-06-06
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 5625
- Pages
- 1524-1525
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2083829960
- Cited by
- 1,265
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 22.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
