The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sequential Processing of Lexical, Grammatical, and Phonological Information Within Broca’s Area
Open accessAbstract
Seeing the Brain's One, Two, Three: Taking advantage of the rare opportunity to record neuronal activity in the human brain using intracranial electrodes, Sahin et al. (p. 445 ; see the Perspective by Hagoort and Levelt ) document the spatial and temporal pattern of neuronal populations within Broca's area as patients thought of a single word, changed its tense (for verbs) or number (for nouns), and articulated the word silently. For these three stages, they detected activity at 200, 320, and 450 milliseconds, moving in a caudal to rostral direction. These data fit neatly within the roughly 600 milliseconds required for the onset of speech and map the distinct neural computations within an area of the brain, known for almost a century and a half, as important for the production of language.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The primary goal of such studies is to understand how the activities of groups of neurons are related to sensation, behavior and cognition [14, 117].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [117]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pinker, S. A. (1994) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e412952005-009 · Cited by 5,879
Self-citationA theory of lexical access in speech production
Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99001776 · Cited by 5,295
Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing
Friederici, A. D. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01839-8 · Cited by 2,231
The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components
Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W. J. M. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001 · Cited by 2,144
On Broca, brain, and binding: A new framework
Hagoort, P. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.004 · Cited by 1,411
On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade.
McClelland, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.86.4.287 · Cited by 1,298
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation
Dronkers, N. F. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384159a0 · Cited by 1,192
The neurology of syntax: Language use without Broca's area
Grodzinsky, Y. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00002399 · Cited by 1,192
Pinker, S. A. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1857983 · Cited by 1,061
Self-citationWord recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe
Nobre, A. C., Allison, T., & McCarthy, G. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372260a0 · Cited by 789
Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area
Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049 · Cited by 776
The myth of the visual word form area
Price, C. J., & Devlin, J. T. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00084-3 · Cited by 716
Lexical organization of nouns and verbs in the brain
Caramazza, A., & Hillis, A. E. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349788a0 · Cited by 666
Plunkett, K., & Marchman, V. A. (1991) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90022-v · Cited by 632
Bornkessel‐Schlesewsky, I., & Schlesewsky, M. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.787 · Cited by 623
Pathways to language: fiber tracts in the human brain
Friederici, A. D. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.001 · Cited by 579
Spatiotemporal dynamics of modality-specific and supramodal word processing
Marinkovic, K., Dhond, R. P., Dale, A. M., Glessner, M., Carr, V., & Halgren, E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00197-1 · Cited by 520
Self-citationGaillard, R., Naccache, L., Pinel, P., Clémenceau, S., Volle, E., Hasboun, D., Dupont, S., Baulac, M., Dehaene, S., Adam, C., et al. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.031 · Cited by 452
The brain circuitry of syntactic comprehension
Kaan, E., & Swaab, T. Y. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01947-2 · Cited by 432
Impairments in verb morphology after brain injury: A connectionist model
Joanisse, M. F., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7592 · Cited by 408
Effects of word length and frequency on the human event-related potential
Hauk, O., & Friedemann Pulvermüller, A. (2004) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.12.020 · Cited by 400
Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising the verb learning model
MacWhinney, B., & Leinbach, J. (1991) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90048-9 · Cited by 373
Grammatical judgments of agrammatic aphasics
Zurif, E., Caramazza, A., & Myerson, R. (1972) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(72)90003-6 · Cited by 238
Halgren, E., Baudena, P., Heit, G., Clarke, M., Marinković, K., & Chauvel, P. (1994) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/0928-4257(94)90093-0 · Cited by 216
Self-citationThe representation of grammatical categories in the brain
Shapiro, K. A., & Caramazza, A. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00060-3 · Cited by 154
Abstract Grammatical Processing of Nouns and Verbs in Broca's Area: Evidence from FMRI
Sahin, N. T., Pinker, S. A., & Halgren, E. (2006) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70394-0 · Cited by 129
Self-citationNeurophysiological aspects of language processing.
Friederici, A. D. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 77
Inflectional frames in language production
Janssen, D. P., Roelofs, A., & Levelt, W. J. M. (2002) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690960143000182 · Cited by 61
Management of a prolactin macroadenoma with visual loss: Indications for surgery
Laws, E. R. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0967-5868(97)90014-x · Cited by 16
Broca's region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability
Amunts, K., Schleicher, A., B�rgel, U., Mohlberg, H., Uylings, H. B. M., & Zilles, K. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990920)412:2
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Levelt W. J. M., Roelofs A., Meyer A. S., Behav. Brain Sci. 22, 1 (1999).11301520
- Broca P., Bulletin de la Société Anatomique 6, 330 (1861).
- Sahin N. T., et al.., Neuroimage 36, S74 (2007).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The brain basis of language processing: from structure to function.
Friederici, A. D. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00006.2011 · Cited by 2,140
An integrated theory of language production and comprehension
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12001495 · Cited by 1,569
Speaker-listener neural coupling underlies successful communication
Stephens, G. J., Silbert, L. J., & Hasson, U. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1008662107 · Cited by 970
Coming of age: A review of embodiment and the neuroscience of semantics
Meteyard, L., Rodríguez‐Cuadrado, S., Bahrami, B., & Vigliocco, G. (2010) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.11.002 · Cited by 916
The Spatial and Temporal Signatures of Word Production Components: A Critical Update
Indefrey, P. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00255 · Cited by 767
Metadata
- Authors
- Sahin, N. T., Pinker, S., Cash, S. S., Schomer, D., & Halgren, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sahin, Ned T.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-10-16
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 5951
- Pages
- 445-449
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4030760
- OpenAlex
- W2043247889
- Cited by
- 452
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 17.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH070328)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-44623, NS 18741, R01NS044623, R01NS018741)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR-14075, P41RR014075)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD18381, R01HD018381)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- Broca's area, lexical processing, grammatical processing, phonological processing, local field potentials, intracranial electrophysiology, word reading, grammatical inflection, spatiotemporal neural activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Electrodes, Implanted, Epilepsy, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Neurons, Speech, Time Factors, Electrophysiological Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
