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Reducing the Gender Achievement Gap in College Science: A Classroom Study of Values Affirmation
Abstract
In many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, women are outperformed by men in test scores, jeopardizing their success in science-oriented courses and careers. The current study tested the effectiveness of a psychological intervention, called values affirmation, in reducing the gender achievement gap in a college-level introductory physics class. In this randomized double-blind study, 399 students either wrote about their most important values or not, twice at the beginning of the 15-week course. Values affirmation reduced the male-female performance and learning difference substantially and elevated women's modal grades from the C to B range. Benefits were strongest for women who tended to endorse the stereotype that men do better than women in physics. A brief psychological intervention may be a promising way to address the gender gap in science performance and learning.
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“Women who had been randomly assigned to complete values affirmation exercises in their class performed better on their course exams and earned higher grades than did those who completed control exercises.”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Miyake et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“Values affirmation has also helped another group of students who contend with social identity threat: female college students enrolled in introductory physics, a gateway science course (Miyake et al. 2010).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Miyake et al. 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miyake, A., Kost-Smith, L. E., Finkelstein, N. D., Pollock, S. J., Cohen, G. L., & Ito, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miyake, Akira
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2010-11-26
- Volume
- 330
- Issue
- 6008
- Pages
- 1234-1237
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2123684590
- Cited by
- 746
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 68.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- gender differences in achievement, values affirmation, gender stereotypes, women in physics, university science education, psychological intervention, gender gap in STEM, introductory physics, student performance
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Physics, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Social Values, Stereotyping, Universities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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