A Gustotopic Map of Taste Qualities in the Mammalian Brain
Open accessAbstract
Nonoverlapping hot spots for different classes of taste stimuli map topographically in the mouse insular cortex.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The insula receives inputs from gustatory, auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatosensory modalities.
“It receives inputs from a variety of sensory modalities, encompassing gustatory, auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatosensory signals [5,[34][35][36][37][38].”
From The Insular Cortex: An Interface Between Sensation, Emotion and Cognition (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
The Abstract identifies the insula as the primary taste cortex receiving information from taste cells. The Concluding Remarks say it responds to more than taste and is thought to be a site of multisensory integration, but do not specify auditory, visual, olfactory, or somatosensory inputs to the insula. The paper discusses those modalities elsewhere in comparisons with other cortical areas, not as documented insular inputs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G. (2001) · Cited by 12,859 · see citing works
The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (S I) of mouse cerebral cortex
Woolsey, T. A., & Van der Loos, H. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90079-x · Cited by 2,254 · see citing works
The development and application of optogenetics
Fenno, L., Yizhar, O., & Deisseroth, K. (2011) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113817 · Cited by 1,822 · see citing works
Mammalian sweet taste receptors
Nelson, G., Hoon, M. A., Chandrashekar, J., Zhang, Y., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00451-2 · Cited by 1,702 · see citing works
Self-citationThe receptors and cells for mammalian taste
Chandrashekar, J. V., Hoon, M. A., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05401 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works
Self-citationNelson, G., Chandrashekar, J. V., Hoon, M. A., Feng, L., Zhao, G., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature726 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Self-citationT2Rs Function as Bitter Taste Receptors
Chandrashekar, J. V., Mueller, K. L., Hoon, M. A., Adler, E., Feng, L., Guo, W., Zuker, C. S., & Ryba, N. J. P. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80706-0 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman receptors for sweet and umami taste
Li, X., Staszewski, L. M., Xu, H., Durick, K., Zoller, M. J., & Adler, E. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.072090199 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
A Novel Family of Mammalian Taste Receptors
Adler, E., Hoon, M. A., Mueller, K. L., Chandrashekar, J. V., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80705-9 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Receptors for Mammalian Sweet and Umami Taste
Zhao, G. Q., Zhang, Y., Hoon, M. A., Chandrashekar, J. V., Erlenbach, I., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00844-4 · Cited by 1,343 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal networks
Stosiek, C., Garaschuk, O., Holthoff, K., & Konnerth, A. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1232232100 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Coding of Sweet, Bitter, and Umami Tastes
Zhang, Y., Hoon, M. A., Chandrashekar, J. V., Mueller, K. L., Cook, B., Wu, D., Zuker, C. S., & Ryba, N. J. P. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00071-0 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional imaging with cellular resolution reveals precise micro-architecture in visual cortex
Ohki, K., Chung, S., Ch'ng, Y. H., Kara, P., & Reid, R. C. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03274 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Common sense about taste: from mammals to insects
Yarmolinsky, D. A., Zuker, C. S., & Ryba, N. J. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.001 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cells and logic for mammalian sour taste detection
Huang, A. L., Chen, X., Hoon, M. A., Chandrashekar, J. V., Guo, W., Tränkner, D., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05084 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Self-citationThe retinotopic organization of area 17 (striate cortex) in the cat
Tusa, R. J., Palmer, L. A., & Rosenquist, A. C. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901770204 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse
Matsunami, H., Montmayeur, J., & Buck, L. B. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007072 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
The cells and peripheral representation of sodium taste in mice
Chandrashekar, J. V., Kühn, C., Oka, Y., Yarmolinsky, D. A., Hümmler, E., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08783 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Self-citationRepresentation of cochlea within primary auditory cortex in the cat
Merzenich, M. M., Knight, P. L., & Roth, G. (1975) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.2.231 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Representations of Odor in the Piriform Cortex
Stettler, D. D., & Axel, R. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.005 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
The receptors and coding logic for bitter taste
Mueller, K. L., Hoon, M. A., Erlenbach, I., Chandrashekar, J., Zuker, C. S., & Ryba, N. J. P. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03352 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Self-citationTransient receptor potential family members PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 form a candidate sour taste receptor
Ishimaru, Y., Inada, H., Kubota, M., Zhuang, H., Tominaga, M., & Matsunami, H. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602702103 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Learning-related fine-scale specificity imaged in motor cortex circuits of behaving mice
Komiyama, T., Sato, T. R., O’Connor, D. H., Zhang, Y.-X., Huber, D., Hooks, B. M., Gabitto, M., & Svoboda, K. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08897 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neural mechanisms of gustation: A distributed processing code
Simon, S. A., de Araujo, I. E., Gutierrez, R., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2006 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Dynamic and Multimodal Responses of Gustatory Cortical Neurons in Awake Rats
Katz, D. B., Simon, S. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-12-04478.2001 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Spatial Organization of Neuronal Population Responses in Layer 2/3 of Rat Barrel Cortex
Kerr, J. N. D., de Kock, C. P. J., Greenberg, D. S., Bruno, R. M., Sakmann, B. J., & Helmchen, F. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2210-07.2007 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Mechanisms of taste transduction
Kinnamon, S. C., & Margolskee, R. F. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80057-2 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Differential Spatial Representation of Taste Modalities in the Rat Gustatory Cortex
Accolla, R., Bathellier, B., Petersen, C. C. H., & Carleton, A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5188-06.2007 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Coding in the mammalian gustatory system
Carleton, A., Accolla, R., & Simon, S. A. (2010) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.04.002 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Expanded Repertoire of AAV Vector Serotypes Mediate Unique Patterns of Transduction in Mouse Brain
Cearley, C. N., Vandenberghe, L. H., Parente, M. K., Carnish, E. R., Wilson, J. M., & Wolfe, J. H. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.166 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Kadohisa, M., Rolls, E. T., & Verhagen, J. V. (2005) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bji036 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Individual mouse taste cells respond to multiple chemical stimuli
Caicedo, A., Kim, K., & Roper, S. D. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.027862 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
Stapleton, J. R., Lavine, M., Wolpert, R. L., Nicolelis, M. A. L., & Simon, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0092-06.2006 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Genomic organization, expression, and function of bitter taste receptors (T2R) in mouse and rat
Wu, S.-Z., Chen, M. C., & Rozengurt, E. (2005) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00030.2005 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Gilbertson, T. A., Boughter, J. D., Zhang, H., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-13-04931.2001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Genetic Tracing Shows Segregation of Taste Neuronal Circuitries for Bitter and Sweet
Sugita, M., & Shiba, Y. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110787 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Taste responses of cortical neurons
Yamamoto, T. (1984) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(84)90007-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gustatory effectiveness of amino acids in mice: Behavioral and neurophysiological studies
Iwasaki, K., Kasahara, T., & Satō, M. (1985) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(85)90045-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Broad Tuning of Rat Taste Cells for Four Basic Taste Stimuli
Sato, T., & Beidler, L. M. (1997) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/22.3.287 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Arai, T., Ohkuri, T., Yasumatsu, K., Kaga, T., & Ninomiya, Y. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.051 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cortical spatial aspects of optical intrinsic signals in response to sucrose and NaCl stimuli
Yoshimura, H., Sugai, T., Fukuda, M., Segami, N., & Onoda, N. (2003) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200401190-00005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Behavioral Modulation of Gustatory Cortical Activity
Fontanini, A., & Katz, D. B. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03922.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Receptors, Circuits, and Behaviors: New Directions in Chemical Senses
Katz, D. B., Matsunami, H., Rinberg, D. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3613-08.2008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Soares, E. S., Stapleton, J. R., Rodríguez, A., Fitzsimmons, N. A., Oliveira, L., Nicolelis, M. A. L., & Simon, S. A. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.038 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Experimental evidence for sparse firing in the neocortex
Barth, A. L., & Poulet, J. F. A. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.03.008 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex
Livneh, Y., Ramesh, R. N., Burgess, C. R., Levandowski, K. M., Madara, J. C., Fenselau, H., Goldey, G. J., Diaz, V. E., Jikomes, N., Resch, J. M., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22375 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Aversive state processing in the posterior insular cortex
Gehrlach, D. A., Dolensek, N., Klein, A. S., Roy Chowdhury, R., Matthys, A., Junghänel, M., Gaitanos, T. N., Podgornik, A., Black, T. D., Reddy Vaka, N., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0469-1 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Neuronal circuits in barrel cortex for whisker sensory perception
Staiger, J. F., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2019 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The Insular Cortex: An Interface Between Sensation, Emotion and Cognition
Zhang, R., Deng, H., & Xiao, X. (2024) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-024-01211-4 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Neural processing of gustatory information in insular circuits
Maffei, A., Haley, M., & Fontanini, A. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.04.001 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Taste Quality Representation in the Human Brain
Avery, J. A., Liu, A. G., Ingeholm, J. E., Riddell, C. D., Gotts, S. J., & Martin, A. (2020) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1751-19.2019 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Jbabdi, S., Sotiropoulos, S. N., & Behrens, T. E. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.004 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Distinct representations of basic taste qualities in human gustatory cortex
Chikazoe, J., Lee, D. H., Kriegeskorte, N., & Anderson, A. K. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08857-z · Cited by 98 · see citing works
An Insula–Central Amygdala Circuit for Guiding Tastant-Reinforced Choice Behavior
Schiff, H. C., Bouhuis, A. L., Yu, K., Penzo, M. A., Li, H., He, M., & Li, B. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1773-17.2017 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Top-down control of sweet and bitter taste in the mammalian brain
Jin, H., Fishman, Z. H., Ye, M., Wang, L., & Zuker, C. S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.014 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A genetically defined insula-brainstem circuit selectively controls motivational vigor
Deng, H., Xiao, X., Yang, T., Ritola, K., Hantman, A., Li, Y., Huang, Z. J., & Li, B. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.019 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Chen, K., Kogan, J. F., & Fontanini, A. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.014 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wilkie, L. M., & Capaldi Phillips, E. D. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Physiological integration of taste and metabolism
Egan, J. M. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2304578 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Carvalho, V. M. A., Nakahara, T. S., Cardozo, L. M., Souza, M. A. A., Camargo, A. P., Trintinalia, G. Z., Ferraz, E., & Papes, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00283 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Integrative analysis of taste genetics and the dental plaque microbiome in early childhood caries
Khan, M. W., Cruz de Jesus, V., Mittermuller, B.-A., Schroth, R. J., Hu, P., & Chelikani, P. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116245 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, X., Gabitto, M., Peng, Y., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zuker, Charles S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-09-02
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 6047
- Pages
- 1262-1266
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC3523322
- OpenAlex
- W2015155463
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 24.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Z01DE000561, ZIADE000561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- primary gustatory cortex, taste coding, sweet taste, bitter taste, umami taste, salty taste, taste cells, mice, two-photon calcium imaging
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cycloheximide, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Glutamate, Sweetening Agents, Taste, Taste Buds, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Molecular Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review