Cited by 4,173RNA Interference and Gene DeliveryVirus-based gene therapy researchIntramuscular injections and effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo

Wolff, Jon A., Malone, Robert W., Williams, Phillip, Chong, Wang, Acsadi, Gyula, Jani, Agnes, Felgner, Philip L.·1990·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1690918

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

RNA and DNA expression vectors containing genes for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, and β-galactosidase were separately injected into mouse skeletal muscle in vivo. Protein expression was readily detected in all cases, and no special delivery system was required for these effects. The extent of expression from both the RNA and DNA constructs was comparable to that obtained from fibroblasts transfected in vitro under optimal conditions. In situ cytochemical staining for β-galactosidase activity was localized to muscle cells following injection of the β-galactosidase DNA vector. After injection of the DNA luciferase expression vector, luciferase activity was present in the muscle for at least 2 months.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1690918

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Recombinant Genomes Which Express Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase in Mammalian Cells
Gorman, C., Moffat, L. F., & Howard, B. H. (1982) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044 · Cited by 7,674
Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures
Hirt, B. (1967) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5 · Cited by 5,102
Lipofection: a highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure.
Felgner, P. L., Gadek, T. R., Holm, M., Roman, R., Chan, H. W., Wenz, M., Northrop, J. P., RINGOLD, G. M., & Danielsen, M. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.21.7413 · Cited by 4,954
Self-citation
Firefly Luciferase Gene: Structure and Expression in Mammalian Cells
de Wet, J. R., Wood, K. V., DeLuca, M., Helinski, D. R., & Subramani, S. E. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.2.725 · Cited by 3,088
Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs
Krieg, P. A., & Melton, D. A. (1984) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/12.18.7057 · Cited by 1,533
The Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat is a strong promoter when introduced into a variety of eukaryotic cells by DNA-mediated transfection.
Gorman, C. M., Merlino, G. T., Willingham, M. C., Pastan, I. H., & Howard, B. H. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.22.6777 · Cited by 1,257
Cationic liposome-mediated transfection
Felgner, P. L., & RINGOLD, G. M. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/337387a0 · Cited by 989
Self-citation
Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection.
Malone, R. W., Felgner, P. L., & Verma, I. M. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6077 · Cited by 911
Self-citation
Lineage analysis in the vertebrate nervous system by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
Price, J., Turner, D., & Cepko, C. L. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.156 · Cited by 870
Receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression in vivo.
Wu, G. Y., & Wu, C. H. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68081-0 · Cited by 636

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 27 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

FELGNER, P.L., FOCUS 11: 21 (1989).
FRANZINIARMSTRO.C, MYOLOGY: 125 (1986).
MALONE, R.W., FOCUS 11: 61 (1989).

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,009

DNA vaccination against virus infection and enhancement of antiviral immunity following consecutive immunization with DNA and viral vectors
Ramsay, A. J., Leong, K. H., & Ramshaw, I. A. (1997) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.1997.60 · Cited by 70
Vaccination against cytomegalovirus, the changeling demon
Plotkin, S. A. (1999) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-199904000-00002 · Cited by 70
Immunization of animals: from DNA to the dinner plate
Babiuk, L. A., den Hurk, S. V. D. L., & Babiuk, S. (1999) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00132-4 · Cited by 70
Experimental and Clinical Studies
Sarkar, N. (2005) · Cited by 70
Therapeutic Prospects of mRNA-Based Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma
Tang, X., Zhang, S., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Huang, K., Peng, H., Dai, L., & Chen, Q. (2019) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01208 · Cited by 69
“Naked mRNA Delivery The naked mRNA spontaneous uptake by cells is not satisfied, even though the transient expression was demonstrated in some studies (10, 50, 51).”
Background
Recent advances in mRNA vaccine delivery
Tan, L., & Sun, X. (2018) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-018-2091-z · Cited by 71
“Uptake of mRNAs in vivo can be as efficient, or even more so, as uptake in vitro [7, 15, 20].”
Background
Nanoparticles for gene delivery: therapeutic and toxic effects
Choi, Y., Lee, M., David, A. E., & Park, Y. S. (2014) · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13273-014-0001-3 · Cited by 69
Recruitment of different subsets of antigen‐presenting cells selectively modulates DNA vaccine‐elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses
McKay, P. F., Barouch, D. H., Santra, S., Sumida, S. M., Jackson, S. S., Gorgone, D. A., Lifton, M. A., & Letvin, N. L. (2004) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200324840 · Cited by 69
Engineering DNA vaccines via co-delivery of co-stimulatory molecule genes
Kim, J. J., Nottingham, L. K., Wilson, D. M., Bagarazzi, M. L., Tsai, A., Morrison, L. D., Javadian, A., Chalian, A. A., Agadjanyan, M. G., & Weiner, D. B. (1998) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00177-7 · Cited by 69
Puncture-Mediated Gene Transfer to the Skin
Ciernik, I. F., Ciernik, B. H. K., & Carbone, D. P. (1996) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.1996.7.8-893 · Cited by 69
Intraspleen Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Coding for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) ofBrucella abortusInduces SOD-Specific CD4+and CD8+T Cells
Muñoz-Montesino, C., Andrews, E. M., Rivers, R., González-Smith, A., Moraga‐Cid, G., Folch, H., Céspedes, S., & Oñate, A. A. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.4.2081-2087.2004 · Cited by 69
Induction in vitro of primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins
Rouse, R. J. D., Nair, S. K., Lydy, S. L., Bowen, J. C., & Rouse, B. T. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.9.5685-5689.1994 · Cited by 69
Gene therapy and immune restoration for HIV disease
Sarver, N., & Bridges, S. H. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90407-7 · Cited by 69
Potential of Transfected Muscle Cells to Contribute to DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity
Shirota, H., Petrenko, L., Hong, C., & Klinman, D. M. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.329 · Cited by 68
In vivo release of plasmid DNA from composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres
Kasper, F. K., Kushibiki, T., Kimura, Y., Mikos, A. G., & Tabata, Y. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.07.005 · Cited by 68
Synthesis and Evaluation of Phenylalanine-Modified Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s as Promising Gene Carriers
Wang, X., He, Y., Wu, J., Gao, C., & Xu, Y. (2009) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm901091z · Cited by 68
Zebrafish as a model for long QT syndrome: the evidence and the means of manipulating zebrafish gene expression
Leong, I. U. S., Skinner, J. R., Shelling, A. N., & Love, D. R. (2010) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02111.x · Cited by 68
Powder and particle-mediated approaches for delivery of DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermis
Dean, H. J., FULLER, D. H., & Osorio, J. E. (2003) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(03)00021-3 · Cited by 68
Plasmid-based gene therapy of diabetes mellitus
Prud’homme, G. J., Draghia, R., & Wang, Q. (2007) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302907 · Cited by 69
Cytokine mediated effects in mucosal immunity
Kramer, D. R., Sutherland, R. M., Bao, S., & Husband, A. J. (1995) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.1995.61 · Cited by 68
Electrically mediated delivery of vector plasmid DNA elicits an antitumor effect
Heller, L. C., & Coppola, D. (2002) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301802 · Cited by 68
Current options for vaccine delivery systems by mucosal routes
Mestecky, J. F., Moldoveanu, Z., Michalek, S. M., Morrow, C. D., Compans, R. W., Schafer, D. P., & Russell, M. W. (1997) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00036-9 · Cited by 68
Adenovirus-mediated expression of a voltage-gated potassium channel in vitro (rat cardiac myocytes) and in vivo (rat liver). A novel strategy for modifying excitability.
Johns, D. C., Nuss, H. B., Chiamvimonvat, N., Ramza, B. M., Marbán, E., & Lawrence, J. H. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118103 · Cited by 68
Antiviral activities of individual murine IFN-alpha subtypes in vivo: intramuscular injection of IFN expression constructs reduces cytomegalovirus replication.
Yeow, W.-S., LAWSON, C. M., & Beilharz, M. W. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 68
Nanotechnology‐facilitated vaccine development during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic
Wang, Z., Cui, K., Costabel, U., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20210082 · Cited by 68
Rapid-response vaccines—does DNA offer a solution?
Forde, G. M. (2005) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0905-1059 · Cited by 67
Fast Skeletal Muscle-Specific Expression of a Zebrafish Myosin Light Chain 2 Gene and Characterization of Its Promoter by Direct Injection into Skeletal Muscle
Xu, Y., He, J., Tian, H. L., Chan, C. H., Liao, J., Yan, T., Lam, T. J., & Gong, Z. (1999) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/104454999315655 · Cited by 67
Gene Therapy Delivery Systems for Enhancing Viral and Nonviral Vectors for Cardiac Diseases: Current Concepts and Future Applications
Katz, M. G., Fargnoli, A. S., Williams, R. D., & Bridges, C. R. (2013) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2013.2517 · Cited by 68
Broadening the approaches to developing more effective vaccines
Babiuk, L. A. (1999) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00419-8 · Cited by 67
Inhibition of Wilms' tumor growth by intramuscular administration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 plasmid DNA
Celiker, M., Wang, M., Atsidaftos, E., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Valderrama, E., Goldberg, I. D., & Shi, Y. E. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204508 · Cited by 67
Potency of an experimental DNA vaccine against Aujeszky's disease in pigs
Gerdts, V., Jöns, A., & Mettenleiter, T. C. (1999) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00300-9 · Cited by 67
IGF-I increases bone marrow contribution to adult skeletal muscle and enhances the fusion of myelomonocytic precursors
Sacco, A., Doyonnas, R., LaBarge, M. A., Hammer, M. M., Kraft, P. E., & Blau, H. M. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200506123 · Cited by 67
Nonviral gene transfer to skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in living animals
Dean, D. A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00613.2004 · Cited by 67
[5] Hydrodynamics-based transfection: Simple and efficient method for introducing and expressing transgenes in animals by intravenous injection of DNA
Song, Y. K., Liu, F., Zhang, G., & Liu, D. (2002) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(02)46050-8 · Cited by 67
Mucosal and systemic HIV-1 Env-specific CD8+ T-cells develop after intragastric vaccination with a Salmonella Env DNA vaccine vector
Shata, M. T. M., Reitz, M. S., DeVico, A. L., Lewis, G. K., & Hone, D. M. (2001) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00330-9 · Cited by 67
Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding hepatitis C virus envelope E2 antigenic domains induces antibodies whose immune reactivity is linked to the injection mode
Nakano, I., Maertens, G. G., Major, M. E., Vitvitski, L., Dubuisson, J., Fournillier, A., MARTYNOFF, G. D., TREPO, C. G., & Inchauspé, G. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.9.7101-7109.1997 · Cited by 67
Stability of mRNA/Cationic Lipid Lipoplexes in Human and Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid: Methods and Evidence for Nonviral mRNA Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System
Anderson, D. M., Hall, L. L., Ayyalapu, A. R., Irion, V. R., Nantz, M. H., & Hecker, J. G. (2003) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/10430340360535751 · Cited by 66
Non-viral delivery of chemically modified mRNA to the retina: Subretinal versus intravitreal administration
Devoldere, J., Peynshaert, K., Dewitte, H., Vanhove, C., Groef, L. D., Moons, L., Özcan, S. Y., Dalkara, D., Smedt, S. C. D., & Remaut, K. (2019) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.042 · Cited by 70
Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19
Borah, P., Deb, P. K., Al‐Shar’i, N. A., Dahabiyeh, L. A., Venugopala, K. N., Singh, V., Shinu, P., Hussain, S., Deka, S., Chandrasekaran, B., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.635245 · Cited by 67
DNA vaccination in the avian
Oshop, G. L., Elankumaran, S., & Heckert, R. A. (2002) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00189-7 · Cited by 66
Intramuscular electroporation delivery of IFN-α gene therapy for inhibition of tumor growth located at a distant site
Li, S., Zhang, X., Xia, X., Zhou, L., Breau, R., Suen, J. Y., & Hanna, E. Y. (2001) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301418 · Cited by 66
Effective induction of anti-melanoma immunity following genetic vaccination with synthetic mRNA coding for the fusion protein EGFP.TRP2
Steitz, J., Britten, C. M., Wölfel, T., & Tüting, T. (2006) · Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-005-0042-5 · Cited by 65
Coimmunization with IFN- gamma or IL-2, but Not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA Can Enhance Th1-Type DNA Vaccine-Induced
Vivo, I. R. I. (2000) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/107999000312450 · Cited by 65
Nonviral Aβ DNA vaccine therapy against Alzheimer’s disease: Long-term effects and safety
Okura, Y., Miyakoshi, A., Kohyama, K., Park, I.-K., Staufenbiel, M., & Matsumoto, Y. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600966103 · Cited by 66
A comparison of shock wave and sinusoidal-focused ultrasound-induced localized transfection of HeLa cells
Huber, P., Jenne, J. W., Debus, J., Wannenmacher, M. F., & Pfisterer, P. H. (1999) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00099-x · Cited by 65
Targeted Delivery of Plasmid DNA to Myogenic Cells via Transferrin-Conjugated Peptide Nucleic Acid
Liang, K. W., Hoffman, E. P., & Huang, L. (2000) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0043 · Cited by 65
Efficient in vivo gene transfer by PCR amplified fragment with reduced inflammatory activity
Hofman, C., Dileo, J., Li, Z., Li, S., & Huang, L. (2001) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301373 · Cited by 65
DNA-mediated vaccination against infectious bursal disease in chickens
Chang, H., Lin, T. L., & Wu, C. C. (2001) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00376-0 · Cited by 64
Transcription Factor GATA-4 Regulates Cardiac Muscle-Specific Expression of the α-Myosin Heavy-Chain Gene
Molkentin, J. D., Kalvakolanu, D. V., & Markham, B. E. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.7.4947-4957.1994 · Cited by 64
Vaccination With Messenger RNA
Pascolo, S. (2006) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59745-168-1:23 · Cited by 64
Idiotypic vaccination for B-cell malignancies as a model for therapeutic cancer vaccines: from prototype protein to second generation vaccines.
Ruffini, P. A., Neelapu, S. S., Kwak, L. W., & Biragyn, A. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 64
DNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases: What If?
Whalen, R. G. (1996) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0203.960302 · Cited by 64
Gene Transfer for Transplantation Prolongation of Allograft Survival with Transforming Growth Factor-β1
Qin, L., Chavin, K. D., Ding, Y., Woodward, J. E., Favaro, J., Lin, J., & Bromberg, J. S. (1994) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199410000-00009 · Cited by 64
Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)-Mediated Translation and Its Potential for Novel mRNA-Based Therapy Development
Marques, R., Lacerda, R., & Romão, L. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081865 · Cited by 71
“The use of RNA-based therapies started in the 1990s with a study in mice that proved the injection of a messenger RNA species (mRNA) in skeletal muscle led to the synthesis of the counterpart protein [1].”
Background
Advances in RNA-based therapeutics: current breakthroughs, clinical translation, and future perspectives
Makkar, S. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1675209 · Cited by 72
“Early research on mRNA vaccines dates back to the 1990s, but progress was initially hindered by instability issues, immunogenicity, and inef ﬁ cient delivery systems (Wolff et al., 1990; Hoerr et al., 2000) Figure 1.”
Therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis
Renault, M., & Losordo, D. W. (2007) · Microvascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2007.08.005 · Cited by 63
Gene therapy for arthritis: What next?
Evans, C. H., Ghivizzani, S. C., & Robbins, P. D. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21886 · Cited by 62
RNA Therapeutics in Oncology: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
MacLeod, A. R., & Crooke, S. T. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.957 · Cited by 61
Latest Development on RNA-Based Drugs and Vaccines
Lundstrom, K. H. (2018) · Future Science OA · doi:10.4155/fsoa-2017-0151 · Cited by 65
“Naked RNA The simplest application comprises of administration of naked mRNA by intramuscular injection, originally demonstrated by in vivo reporter gene expression in mice [37].”
Background
Reinnervation of Motor Endplates and Increased Muscle Fiber Size after Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Gene Transfer into the Paralyzed Larynx
Shiotani, A., O'Malley, B. W., Coleman, M., Alila, H. W., & Flint, P. W. (1998) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.1998.9.14-2039 · Cited by 63
Linear PEI nanoparticles: efficient pDNA/siRNA carriers in vitro and in vivo
Goyal, R., Tripathi, S. K., Tyagi, S., Sharma, A., Ram, K. R., Chowdhuri, D. K., Shukla, Y., Kumar, P., & Gupta, K. C. (2011) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.001 · Cited by 62
Ionic liquids: prospects for nucleic acid handling and delivery
Egorova, K. S., Posvyatenko, A. V., Larin, S. S., & Ananikov, V. P. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa1280 · Cited by 62
“The first successful transfer of plasmid DNA into a murine muscle in vivo (146) was followed by the rapid development of the technique and its application to other tissues and cells.”
Promoter- and strain-selective enhancement of gene expression in a mouse skeletal muscle by a polymer excipient Pluronic P85
Yang, Z., Zhu, J., Sriadibhatla, S., Gebhart, C., Alakhov, V. Y., & Kabanov, A. V. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.015 · Cited by 63
In vivo bone formation by human bone marrow stromal cells: Effect of carrier particle size and shape
Mankani, M. H., Kuznetsov, S. A., Fowler, B. O., Kingman, A., & Robey, P. G. (2000) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/1097-0290(20010105)72:1 · Cited by 209
Ultrasound Increases Plasmid-Mediated Gene Transfer to Dystrophic Muscles without Collateral Damage
Danialou, G., Comtois, A. S., Dudley, R., Nalbantoglu, J. N., Gilbert, R., Karpati, G., Jones, D. H., & Petrof, B. J. (2002) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2002.0723 · Cited by 62
Toward the development of DNA vaccines
Ulmer, J. B. (1996) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(96)80078-4 · Cited by 62
Age and sex influence expression of plasmid DNA directly injected into mouse skeletal muscle
Wells, D. J., & Goldspink, G. (1992) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81000-c · Cited by 62
The new frontier: gene and oligonucleotide therapy
Schreier, H. (1994) · Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae · doi:10.1016/0031-6865(94)90037-x · Cited by 62
Gene Transfer into Mammalian Somatic Cells in Vivo
Yang, N. (1992) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.3109/07388559209040627 · Cited by 62
mRNA vaccines: A matter of delivery
Cao, Y., & Gao, G. F. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100746 · Cited by 61
“The Pfizer vaccine, which requires storage at 80 °C for quality control, needs to be transported in special freezers from the company hubs in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA, to distribution centers across the country and then to designated vaccination centers and the arms of individuals.”
Background
Immunopeptidomics for next-generation bacterial vaccine development
Mayer, R. L., & Impens, F. (2021) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.04.010 · Cited by 60
“mRNA can be used to express proteins in vivo [18], only in recent years has mRNA emerged as a promising vaccination”
Background
N1-methylpseudouridine found within COVID-19 mRNA vaccines produces faithful protein products
Kim, K. Q., Burgute, B. D., Tzeng, S., Jing, C., Jungers, C. F., Zhang, J., Yan, L. L., Vierstra, R. D., Djuranović, S., Evans, B. S., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111300 · Cited by 69
“This is an open access article under the CC BY-N protein products with yields similar to comparable injections of DNA plasmids (Wolff et al., 1990).”
mRNA-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment
Sun, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, G., Yang, W., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020622 · Cited by 65
“[2], in vitro-transcribed mRNA was directly injected into mouse muscles for the first time, and the corresponding protein products were detected, which proved the feasibility of mRNA therapy.”
Background
mRNA vaccines: a new opportunity for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV
Matarazzo, L., & Bettencourt, P. J. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172691 · Cited by 68
“Since the first demonstration by Wolff and colleagues in 1990 of the ability of mRNA to induce protein expression after direct in vivo administration (75), several studies reported the production of specific antibodies and induction of CTL-mediated cellular immunity, highlighting its potential for vaccination against…”
Background
The impact of nucleoside base modification in mRNA vaccine is influenced by the chemistry of its lipid nanoparticle delivery system
Bernard, M., Bazin, E., Petiot, N., Lemdani, K., Commandeur, S., Verdelet, C., Margot, S., Perkov, V., Ripoll, M., Garinot, M., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.004 · Cited by 63
“Note that we also obtained some luciferase expression in the muscle injected with naked cyanine-5-labeled Fluc mRNA at early time points, which was consistent with the pioneering findings of Wolff and coworkers.(71) With LNP-encapsulated mRNA, MC3 and L319 LNPs brought about similar levels of luciferase expression, an…”
Result
Enabling mRNA Therapeutics: Current Landscape and Challenges in Manufacturing
Youssef, M., Hitti, C., Fulber, J. P. C., & Kamen, A. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13101497 · Cited by 63
“The delivery of naked mRNA into in vivo models was ﬁrst performed in 1990 by Wolff et al., demonstrating the feasibility of the technique [1].”
BackgroundMethod
Optimization of intradermal vaccination by DNA tattooing in human skin
van den Berg, J. H., Nuijen, B., Beijnen, J. H., Vincent, A. D., van Tinteren, H., Kluge, J., Woerdeman, L. A. E., Hennink, W. E., Storm, G., Schumacher, T. N., et al. (2008) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hgt.2008.073 · Cited by 61
DNA vaccines for prostate cancer
Zahm, C. D., Colluru, V. T., & McNeel, D. G. (2017) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.016 · Cited by 63
Tumor antigens for cancer immunotherapy: therapeutic potential of xenogeneic DNA vaccines
Srinivasan, R., & Wolchok, J. D. (2004) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-2-12 · Cited by 63
Designing gene therapy vectors: avoiding immune responses by using tissue-specific promoters
Weeratna, R. D., Wu, T., Efler, S. M., Zhang, L., & Davis, H. L. (2001) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301602 · Cited by 61
Successful genetic transduction in vivo into synovium by means of electroporation
Ohashi, S., Kubo, T., Kishida, T., Ikeda, T., Takahashi, K. A., Arai, Y., Terauchi, R., Asada, H., Imanishi, J., & Mazda, O. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00386-8 · Cited by 61
Intracellular Bacteria as Targets and Carriers for Vaccination
Mollenkopf, H., Dietrich, G., & Kaufmann, S. H. E. (2001) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2001.066 · Cited by 61
Determination of Tissue Distribution of an Intramuscular Plasmid Vaccine Using PCR and In Situ DNA Hybridization
Winegar, R. A., Monforte, J., Suing, K. D., O’Loughlin, K. G., Rudd, C. J., & MacGregor, J. T. (1996) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.1996.7.17-2185 · Cited by 61
Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses
Wang, Y., Tang, C. Y., & Wan, X. (2021) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03806-6 · Cited by 62
“in 1990 [441], and multiple mRNA vaccine platforms have since been shown to elicit immunity against the influenza virus [442, 443], Zika virus [444, 445], rabies virus [446], and even some cancer types [447–449] in animal models [450].”
Background
A Narrative Review of COVID-19 Vaccines
Eroglu, B., Nuwarda, R. F., Ramzan, I. M., & Kayser, V. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10010062 · Cited by 59
“Nucleic acid-based vaccines have received much interest in the field of new vaccines, following studies in the early 1990s that plasmid DNA induces an immune response to the plasmid-encoded antigen and a mRNA vaccine was found to be effective as a result of direct gene transfer [47,77,78].”
Background
Local Gene Transfer and Expression Following Intramuscular Administration of FGF-1 Plasmid DNA in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Baumgärtner, I., Chronos, N. A. F., Comerota, A. J., Henry, T. D., Pasquet, J.-P., Finiels, F., Caron, A., Dedieu, J.-F., Pilsudski, R., & Delaère, P. (2009) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2009.24 · Cited by 60
In vitro release of plasmid DNA from oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogels
Kasper, F. K., Seidlits, S. K., Tang, A., Crowther, R. S., Carney, D. H., Barry, M. A., & Mikos, A. G. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.03.008 · Cited by 60
Particle bombardment: A universal approach for gene transfer to cells and tissues
Klein, T. M., & Fitzpatrick‐McElligott, S. (1993) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/0958-1669(93)90081-7 · Cited by 60
Protective Immunity Based on the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain and Its Prospects for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development
Khanna, M., Sharma, S., Kumar, B., & Rajput, R. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/546274 · Cited by 60
Designing Heart Performance by Gene Transfer
Davis, J., Westfall, M. V., Townsend, D., Blankinship, M. J., Herron, T. J., Guerrero‐Serna, G., Wang, W., Devaney, E. J., & Metzger, J. M. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2007 · Cited by 60
Investigating the Impact of Delivery System Design on the Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines
Anderluzzi, G., Lou, G., Gallorini, S., Brazzoli, M., Johnson, R., O’Hagan, D. T., Baudner, B. C., & Perrie, Y. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8020212 · Cited by 57
“The ionizable amino lipids heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-(dimethylamino) butanoate (DLin-MC3-DMA) and 2,2-dilinoleyl-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-[1,3]-dioxolane (DLin-KC2-DMA) have low toxicity profiles and are among the most promising.”
Background
Non‐Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease
Shah, P. B., & Losordo, D. W. (2005) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54014-8 · Cited by 60
Efficient DNA electrotransfer into tumors
Bettan, M., Ivanov, M. A., Mir, L. M., Boissière, F., Delaère, P., & Scherman, D. (2000) · Bioelectrochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00087-8 · Cited by 60
Suppression of Nonsense Mutations in Cell Culture and Mice by Multimerized Suppressor tRNA Genes
Buvoli, M., Buvoli, A. E., & Leinwand, L. A. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.9.3116-3124.2000 · Cited by 60
Block copolymeric biotransport carriers as versatile vehicles for drug delivery
Alakhov, V. Y., Lemieux, P., Klinski, E., Kabanov, A. V., & Pietrzyński, G. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.1.4.583 · Cited by 60
DNA Prime–Canarypox Boost with Polycistronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genes Generates Potent Immune Responses to HCV Structural and Nonstructural Proteins
Pancholi, P., Liu, Q., Tricoche, N., Zhang, P., Perkus, M. E., & Prince, A. M. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315646 · Cited by 60
Multicompartment, Numerical Model of Cellular Events in the Pharmacokinetics of Gene Therapies
Ledley, T. S., & Ledley, F. D. (1994) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.1994.5.6-679 · Cited by 60
Immunity to MHC class I antigen after direct DNA transfer into skeletal muscle.
Geissler, E. K., Wang, J., Fechner, J. H., Burlingham, W. J., & Knechtle, S. J. (1994) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.2.413 · Cited by 60
mRNA
Lint, S. V., Heirman, C., Thielemans, K., & Breckpot, K. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.22661 · Cited by 59
Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases
Alameh, M.-G., Weissman, D., & Pardi, N. (2020) · Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2020_202 · Cited by 96

Authors: Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Vical (United States) (US)
Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
ORCID: Malone, Robert W.
Felgner, Philip L.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1990-03-23
Volume: 247
Issue: 4949
Pages: 1465-1468
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1690918
OpenAlex: W2014495927
Cited by: 4,173
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 96 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 201 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 187 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 93 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 26.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k11hd000669-02)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 03352, HD00669-05, P30HD003352)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
Keywords: in vivo gene delivery, skeletal muscle, intramuscular injection, DNA vectors, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, beta-galactosidase, transgene expression, cytochemical staining, transfection
MeSH terms: Animals, Avian Sarcoma Viruses, Coleoptera, beta-Galactosidase, DNA, Escherichia coli, Genetic Vectors, Histocytochemistry, Luciferases, Muscles, RNA, Transfection, Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase, Gene Expression, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks