Cited by 649Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex

Carandini, Matteo, Heeger, David J.·1994·Science

Abstract

Recordings from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) were used to test a model for the visually driven responses of simple cells. According to the model, simple cells compute a linear sum of the responses of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. In addition, each simple cell's linear response is divided by the pooled activity of a large number of other simple cells. The cell membrane performs both operations; synaptic currents are summed and then divided by the total membrane conductance. Current and conductance are decoupled (by a complementary arrangement of excitation and inhibition) so that current depends only on the LGN inputs and conductance depends only on the cortical inputs. Closed form expressions were derived for fitting and interpreting physiological data. The model accurately predicted responses to drifting grating stimuli of various contrasts, orientations, and spatiotemporal frequencies.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.8191289

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  • This dynamic range can be adjusted through gain control mediated by the overall level of synaptic inhibition.

    “In turn, this dynamic range can be adjusted through gain control that is mediated by the overall level of synaptic inhibition4,59,68,69.”

    From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [4]

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Authors
Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J.
Affiliations
New York University (US)
Venue
Science
Published
1994-05-27
Volume
264
Issue
5163
Pages
1333-1336
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2038718814
Cited by
649
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 31
FWCI
9.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r29mh050228-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (1-R29-MH-50228-01)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
primary visual cortex, simple cells, lateral geniculate nucleus, synaptic summation, membrane conductance, excitation-inhibition balance, contrast sensitivity, orientation selectivity, monkey visual cortex
MeSH terms
Animals, Electric Conductivity, Geniculate Bodies, Macaca, Membrane Potentials, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Synapses, Visual Cortex

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