GABAAInhibition Controls Response Gain in Visual Cortex
Open accessAbstract
GABA A inhibition is thought to play multiple roles in sensory cortex, such as controlling responsiveness and sensitivity, sharpening selectivity, and mediating competitive interactions. To test these proposals, we recorded in cat primary visual cortex (V1) after local iontophoresis of gabazine, the selective GABA A antagonist. Gabazine increased responsiveness by as much as 300%. It slightly decreased selectivity for stimulus orientation and direction, often by raising responses to all orientations. Strikingly, gabazine affected neither contrast sensitivity nor cross-orientation suppression, the competition seen when stimuli of different orientation are superimposed. These results were captured by a simple model in which GABA A inhibition has the same selectivity as excitation and keeps responses to unwanted stimuli below threshold. We conclude that GABA A inhibition in V1 helps enhance stimulus selectivity but is not responsible for competition among superimposed stimuli. It controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons by adjusting their response gain, without affecting their input gain.
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In some studies, blocking inhibition changes response magnitude but has little effect on tuning properties, suggesting that sensory selectivity is inherited from thalamic inputs.
“In other studies, however, blockage of inhibition was found to change response magnitude yet had minor effect on tuning properties (Katzner et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 1994; Ozeki et al., 2004), suggesting sensory selectivity is inherited from thalamic inputs.”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Katzner et al., 2011
In Results (‘Role of GABAA inhibition in stimulus selectivity’; page unavailable), blocking inhibition increased responsiveness in every cell, but it also significantly changed orientation selectivity in 11 of 19 cells, tuning width in 7, and direction selectivity in 6. The paper supports a larger and more consistent effect on response magnitude than on tuning, but ‘minor effect on tuning’ understates those changes. Its Discussion attributes sharpening of selectivity partly to inhibition and spike threshold; it does not establish that sensory selectivity is inherited from thalamic inputs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis dynamic range can be adjusted through gain control mediated by the overall level of synaptic inhibition.
“In turn, this dynamic range can be adjusted through gain control that is mediated by the overall level of synaptic inhibition4,59,68,69.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
Local application of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhances responsiveness of cat V1 to visual stimuli.
“Local application of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhances responsiveness of cat V1 to visual stimuli69.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
GABAergic inhibition controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons in rodents and cats by specifically adjusting their response gain without altering local selectivity or input gain.
“GABAergic inhibition controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons in rodents and cats by specifically adjusting their response gain without altering local selectivity or input gain2,68,69,101–104.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Katzner, S., Busse, L., & Carandini, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Katzner, Steffen
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-04-20
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5931-5941
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3083851
- OpenAlex
- W2022734184
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY17396, R01EY017396)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- GABAA inhibition, primary visual cortex, gabazine, response gain, stimulus selectivity, orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, cross-orientation suppression, contrast sensitivity, neuronal sensitivity, competitive interactions, cat visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Cats, Electrophysiology, Female, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Pyridazines, Receptors, GABA-A, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Contrast Sensitivity, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists
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